Biology 1010 Final Exam Study Guide
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The correct sequence for levels of biological organization within an organism are
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atom molecule organelle cell tissue
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Organisms that obtain energy by eating nutrients that make up other organisms are called
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heterotrophs
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The four kingdoms included in the domain Eukarya are
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protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia
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In an experimental procedure what is actually being measured by the investigator is the
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dependent variable
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Decomposers are
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bacteria, fungi, and organisms that obtain energy from wastes or dead organisms
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The individual who wrote \"On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection\" was
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Charles Darwin
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Humans belong to the class
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mammalia
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All of the following are true statements
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nitric oxide consists of one atom of nitrogen and one atom of oxygen; nitric oxide is a gas; nitric oxide passes freely into and out of cells; nitric oxide is a harmful substance found in smog and acid rain
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The mass number of an atom is defined as
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the total number of protons and neutrons of an atom
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If a covalent bond is polar
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one of the atoms has a partial negative charge
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An acid
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is a chemical that adds hydrogen ions to a solution
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A substance having a pH of 8 would best be described as
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a weak base
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A process by which cells break polymers down into smaller units is
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hydrolysis
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The primary building block (monomer) of nucleic acids is
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a nucleotide
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A micrometer is
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.000001 of a meter
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The cell wall of bacteria
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helps prevent the cell from bursting; protects the cell; contains peptidoglycan; and gives the bacterium a distinctive shape
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The most prominent organelle in most eukaryotic cells is the
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nucleus
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The following are cellular digestion centers
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lysosomes and peroxisomes
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The recycling centers for the cell are
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the Central vacuole and lysosome
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A Ribosome is
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a structure found in prokaryotic cells, plant cells and animal cells
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An example (examples) of potential energy is (are)
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chemical bonds; concentration gradient across a membrane
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Sucrose is
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disaccharide consisting of the monosaccharides: fructose and glucose
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Oxidation means
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the loss of electrons from a molecule
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An active site is
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a location on an enzyme and the key to the specificity of an enzymatic reaction
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Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of
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vitamin C
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The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable (biological) membrane is
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osmosis
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Active transport is different from simple diffusion in that active transport
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requires energy, moves molecules against a concentration gradient, requires proteins embedded within the cell membrane, and moves molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
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Examples of organisms whose lives depend on photosynthesis are
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an oak tree, coral , the sea slug Elysia chlorotica, and Humans
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The main byproduct of photosynthesis, which is released into the environment is
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oxygen
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Organisms that consume preexisting organism molecules are called
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Heterotrophs
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If ozone layers in the atmosphere are depleted
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more ultraviolet wavelengths will reach the earth's surface causing more cases of skin cancer
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Examples of accessory pigments for photosynthesis are
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Chlorophyll b and carotenoids
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Photosystem 1 produces
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NADPH
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Most biologist would agree that the most important metabolic pathway of living organisms is
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photosynthesis
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During glycolysis molecules of glucose are
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broken down to form two molecules of pyruvate, and produces a net gain of two molecules of ATP
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The electron transport system occurs in the
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Mitochondria
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These are the most common in Microorganisms
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anaerobic respiration and fermentation
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During glycolysis to \"activate\" glucose
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two molecules of ATP are required
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The compound that actually begins the Kreb's cycle is
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ATP
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The electron transport chain produces
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a proton gradient
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The molecule that controls the synthesis of proteins and copies itself for the next generation of cells is
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DNA
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The DNA nitrogen bases that are purines are
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Adenine and guanine
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The number chromosomes found in humans is
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Forty-six/Twenty-three pairs
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The enzyme that builds a short complementary piece of RNA at the start of each DNA segment to be replicated is
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Primase
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A discrete package of DNA and associated proteins in eukaryotes is a
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Chromosome
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A cell with two full sets of chromosomes would be termed a
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diploid cell
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Meiosis is a process used for
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production of gametes
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2n is an abbreviation for
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diploid
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The human chromosomes that do not determine whether an individual is male or female are
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Autosomes
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If a person wanted to raise mules, this person would need to mate
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A male donkey with a female horse
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A gamete having more than one complete set of chromosomes
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is \"polyploid\" and cannot be produced by meiosis
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Recombinant chromosomes have a mic of paternal and maternal alleles due to
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crossing over
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Nondisjunction may cause
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Trisomy 21, Turner Syndrome, Jacobs Syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome
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Down Syndrome
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is cause by trisomy 21; results in heart defects in affected individuals; results in mental impairment; has an increased risk of occurring that is associated with the age of the mother
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The DNA nitrogen bases that are pyrimidines
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Thymine and cytosine
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Building block of nucleic acids
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Nucleotide
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Pyrimidines are
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single ring
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Purines are
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double ring
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Ribose or a sulfur group would not be found in
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DNA
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The genome is
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all the Genetic material
