question

Which of the following is not a nucleotide found in DNA?

answer

uracil (U)

question

If the sequence of one strand of DNA is AGTCTAGC, what is the sequence of the complementary strand?

answer

TCAGATCG

question

In addition to the base, what are the other components of a nucleotide?

answer

phosphate and sugar

question

The _____ chromosomes in a human cell from inside the cheek are found in the ______.

answer

46; nucleus

question

Each chromosome contains ________.

answer

DNA and proteins

question

You can detect DNA that is specifically from the X chromosome in a DNA sample from a person. Why can't you definitively determine the gender of the person from the presence of the x chromosome?

answer

both b and c both have x chromosomes, must check for y chromosomes

question

Human red blood cells are enucleated(that is, they do not have nuclei). Is it possible to isolate DNA from red blood cells. Why or why not?

answer

No, the genomic DNA is found only in nucleated cells

question

DNA replication is said to be semiconservative because a newly replicated, double stranded DNA molecules consists of _______.

answer

one old strand and one new strand

question

Which of the following statements about PCR is TRUE?

answer

DNA polymerase is the enzyme that copies DNA in PCR

question

What naturally occurring process does PCR mimic in a test tube?

answer

DNA replication

question

If you start with one copy of a DNA fragment, how many rounds of PCR will it take to end up with a total of 32 copies?

answer

5

question

Complete the following statements regarding the steps necessary to copy a DNA sequence during PCR: 1. The two original strands of DNA molecule that can be separated by ____. 2. The enzyme _____ "reads" each template strand and adds ____ to make a new strand.

answer

1) heat, 2) polymerase; complementary nucleotides

question

From the STRs used in forensic investigation, which STRs on which chromosomes would be particularly useful in determining

answer

Y chromosome STR

question

A protein is made up of a chain of _____.

answer

amino acids

question

_____ amino acids tend to be found folded inside a protein, whereas ___ amino acids interact with water on the outside of the protein.

answer

hydrophobic; hydrophilic

question

What determines a proteins function?

answer

the three-dimensional shape of the folded protein

question

What determines how a protein folds?

answer

the interaction of the side chains of each individual amino acid

question

____ on mRNA interact with ____ on tRNA to allow the _____ to connect with amino acids in the correct order during translation

answer

Codons; anticodons; ribosome

question

Which of the following series has the stages of mitosis in the proper order?

answer

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

question

What would be the result if a cell completed interphase and mitosis but failed to complete cytokinesis?

answer

a and b - you would only have one cell, you would have twice as many chromosomes as the parent cell

question

A normal cell that sustains irreparable DNA damage will most likely _____.

answer

die by apoptosis

question

Which checkpoint prevents a normal cell from completing its cell cycle if it has not accurately replicated its DNA?

answer

interphase (G2-M)

question

Which is the best definition of cancer?

answer

a disease in which unregulated cell division occurs

question

Cell cycle checkpoints are present to ____.

answer

a and b - ensure that cancer does not occur, ensure that each step of the cell cycle occurs accurately

question

When your skin cells are exposed to UV light, such as in a tanning bed, DNA damage can occur. If one of these severely UV-irradiated skin cells is given a signal to divide, what are the plausible outcomes?

answer

The cell will go through apoptosis, after the damage is detected

question

Why would the cell make apoptosis the default mechanism when a problem in the cell cycle is detected?

answer

Apoptosis ensures that the cell dies instead of leading to cancer

question

Which of the following properties should a promising new ovarian cancer drug have?

answer

blocks mitosis in cancerous cells

question

What is the purpose of careful primer design before PCR

answer

primers declare specific place to amplify

question

An STR from 1 person differs from others by

answer

number of times sequence is repeated

question

Which represents genetic variation between individuals

answer

presence of STR's on the genome

question

Gel electrophoreses separates DNA based on

answer

size(length)

question

The sequence of DNA used DNA profiling

answer

genome

question

Which STR will have migrated furthest in gel electrophoreses

answer

GAAC repeated twice

question

Studying a DNA profile of an individual looking at results with 1 STR sites. How many bands will you see?

answer

either 1 or 2

question

Which of the following people will have DNA least similar

answer

your mothers brother

question

DNA evidence can give investigators information about

answer

Family relations, individual, location

question

How many STRs are typically used to create a profile

answer

15

question

No perfect matches. 1 profile has at least 1 band in common with DNA at every STR site. Most likely conclusion?

answer

Parent child relationship exists between DNA collected

question

From the STRS used in forensics, which determines gender?

answer

Y chromosome STR

question

What demonstrates a proteins function

answer

3D shape

question

What describes amino acid side chains

answer

unique functions, correct folding

question

Heating a protein causes it to (?). What happens to its function

answer

not be functional, 3D shape dictates function

question

Which describes how genes, chromosomes, and proteins relate

answer

none are true

question

What is the final product of a gene expression

answer

protein

question

Correctly indicates a functional location

answer

GRNA work on cytoplasm

question

____ is the product of transcription _____ is the product of translation

answer

MRNA, protein

question

Sequence ATCGATTG, what is the RNA complement

answer

UAGCTAAC

question

What controls the timing of gene expression?

answer

Regularity sequence for a gene

question

Two ways a person can be different in anti thrombin

answer

mutation regularity sequence, coding region of gene

question

Which of the following parts of translation will be disrupted by a mutation in the coding region of a gene

answer

codon of MRNA

question

How do the redundant properties of the genetic code protect humans from mutations

answer

Some mutations will not change amino code

question

Why is recombinant protein production in the milk of transgenic animals efficient

answer

all of the above

question

How did scientists allow the gene for antithrombin so it could be isolated

answer

attached to reg goat human coding sequence

question

Side effects of chemo

answer

all of the above

question

Why are companies eager to design GMA

answer

a,b,c

question

What is a GMO

answer

Any modified organism that produces product

question

What statement about GMO organisms are true

answer

produce more complex proteins

question

Type 1 diabetes results in loss of insulin, how would you cure the disease instead of treating it

answer

gene therapy

question

Following mitosis and cytogenesis, daughter cells are

answer

genetically identical each other, parent

question

InWhich of the following processes require normal cell division

answer

all of the above

question

During which stage of the cell cycle are sister chromotids produced

answer

anaphase

question

in the cell cycle, DNa is replicated during

answer

S

question

During which stage of cell cycle are sister chromatids visualized

answer

Prophase

question

Cell cycle order

answer

GI,S,G2,mitosis, cytokenesis

question

Which stage does the cell spend the most time

answer

Interphase

question

Result if cell completed interphase and mitosis but fail to complete cytokenesis

answer

One cell, have as many chromosomes

question

Which of the following specific treatments corresponds to reason

answer

all of the above

question

If a patient has metazoic melanoma - is surgery an option

answer

no, cancer cells have spread

question

Which type of cells triggered to go through apoptosis by chemo

answer

any cell rapid cell division

question

Development of chemotherapeutic agents-what factors considered

answer

all of the above

question

Drug from plant-make medication available and save plant

answer

all of the above

question

Important of continued development of chemo agents

answer

all of the above

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