question

Anomia

answer

difficulty recalling the names of objects

question

Anterior commissure

answer

bundle of axons that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

question

Aphasia

answer

language impairment

question

Backward masking

answer

a brief visual stimulus after another brief visual stimulus that leads to failure to remember the first

question

Broca's aphasia (nonfluent aphasia)

answer

brain damage that causes impaired language

question

Broca's area

answer

portion of the brain that is associated with language production

question

Conscious

answer

capable of reporting the presence of a stimulus

question

Corpus callosum

answer

bundle of axons that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

question

Dualism

answer

belief that mind and body are different kinds of substance that exist independently

question

Dyslexia

answer

a specific impairment of reading in someone with adequate vision, adequate motivation, and adequate overall cognitive skills

question

Epilepsy

answer

a condition characterized by repeated episodes of excessive synchronized neutral activity

question

Focus

answer

point in the brain where an epileptic seizure begins

question

Hard problem

answer

philosophical question as to why and how brain activity becomes conscious

question

Identity position

answer

view that mental processes and certain kinds of brain processes are the same thing, described in different terms

question

Language acquisition device

answer

a built-in mechanism for acquiring language

question

Lateralization

answer

divisions of labor between the two brain hemispheres

question

Masking

answer

use of one stimulus to block perception of another

question

Materialism

answer

view that everything that exists is material or physical

question

Mentalism

answer

view that only the mind really exists and that the physical world could not exist unless some mind were aware of it

question

Mind-brain problem (or mind-body problem)

answer

question about the relationship between mental experience and brain activity

question

Monism

answer

belief that the universe consists of only one kind of substance

question

Optic chiasm

answer

area where axons from each eye cross to the opposite side of the brain

question

Phi phenomenon

answer

tendency to see something as moving back and forth between positions when in fact it is alternately blinking on and off in those positions

question

Planum temporale

answer

section of the temporal cortex that is larger in the left hemisphere

question

Productivity

answer

ability of language to produce new signals to represent new ideas

question

Spatial neglect

answer

a tendency to ignore the left side of the body or the left side of objects

question

Split-brain people

answer

people who have undergone surgery to the corpus callosum

question

Stroop effect

answer

the difficulty of saying the color of ink of a word instead of reading the word itself

question

Visual field

answer

area of the world that an individual can see at any time

question

Wernicke's aphasia (fluent aphasia)

answer

condition characterized by poor language comprehension and impaired ability to remember the name of objects

question

Wernicke's area

answer

portion of the brain located near the auditory cortex, associated with language comprehension

question

Williams syndrome

answer

condition in which the person has relatively good language abilities in spite of their impairments in other regards

question

Anomia

answer

Difficulty recalling the names of objects

question

Anterior Commissure

answer

Provide communication between; -the left and -the right hemispheres

question

Aphasia

answer

Language Impairment

question

Backward Masking

answer

Brief visual stimulus after another brief visual stimulus that leads to failure to remember the first

question

Broca's aphasia (nonfluent aphasia)

answer

Brain damage that causes impaired language

question

Broca's area

answer

Portion of the brain that is associated with language production

question

Conscious

answer

Capable of REPORTING the presence of a stimulus

question

Corpus Callosum

answer

Bundle of Axons that CONNECTS the two hemispheres of the Cerebral Cortex

question

Dualism

answer

Belief that mind and body are different kinds of substance that exist independently

question

Dyslexia

answer

Specific impairment of reading in someone with adequate vision, adequate motivation, and adequate overall cognitive skills

question

Epilepsy

answer

Condition characterized by repeated episodes of excessive synchronized neutral activity

question

Focus

answer

Point in the brain where an epileptic seizure begins

question

Hard problem

answer

Philosophical question as to why and how brain activity becomes conscious

question

Identity Position

answer

View that... -Mental processes and -Certain kinds of Brain processes are the same thing, described in DIFFERENT terms

question

Language acquisition device

answer

A built-in mechanism for acquiring language

question

The difficulty that people normally have with -being able to perform separate tasks with each hand simultaneously is largely due to...

answer

Difficulty planning two actions at once.

question

Masking

answer

Use of One stimulus to BLOCK perception of another

question

Materialism

answer

View that EVERYTHING that exists is -Material or -Physical

question

Mentalism

answer

View that only the MIND really EXISTS and that the physical world could not exist unless some mind were aware of it

question

Mind-Brain problem (or mind-body problem)

answer

Question about the relationship between -Mental experience and -Brain activity

question

Monism

answer

Belief that the universe consists of only ONE kind of substance

question

Optic Chiasm

answer

Area where axons from each eye cross to the opposite side of the brain

question

Phi Phenomenon

answer

Tendency to see something as moving back and forth between positions when in fact it is alternately blinking on and off in those positions

question

Planum Temporale

answer

Section of the temporal cortex that is larger in the left hemisphere

question

Productivity

answer

Ability of language to produce new signals to represent NEW IDEAS

question

Spatial Neglect

answer

Tendency to ignore the left side of the body or the left side of objects

question

Split-Brain people

answer

People who have undergone SURGERY to the Corpus Callosum

question

Stroop Effect

answer

Difficulty of saying -the COLOR of ink of a word instead of -reading the WORD itself

question

Visual Field

answer

Area of the world that an individual can see at any time

question

Wernicke's Aphasia (fluent aphasia)

answer

Condition characterized by -Poor language comprehension and -Impaired ability to remember the name of objects

question

Wernicke's Area

answer

Portion of the brain located near the auditory cortex, associated with language comprehension

question

Williams Syndrome

answer

Condition in which the person has -Relatively good language abilities in spite of their -Impairments in other regards

question

Procedural memory is to ____ as declarative memory is to ____.

answer

-Juggling; -Explaining the sequence of moves in juggling

question

Which is known to be critical for long-term potentiation?

answer

A massive inflow of CALCIUM

question

Which facial muscle the brain has control?

answer

Bilateral Muscles

question

Lateralization refers to the:

answer

-Functional asymmetries of the brain. -Divisions of labor between the two brain hemispheres

question

Which self-contradiction occurs in people who have had their corpus callosum cut?

answer

-Saying they do not know the answer while -Pointing it out with the left hand

question

After damage to the Right Hemisphere, many people suffer what kind of loss?

answer

Ability to recognize emotional facial expressions

question

People born without a corpus callosum can perform some tasks as do people with a corpus callosum. They can perform these tasks because the:

answer

Brain's other commissures become larger than usual.

question

Which of the following is more likely to be present in people with DYSLEXIA?

answer

Bilateral Symmetry in the CORTEX

question

Alzheimer's Disease (AD)

answer

Irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative disease. Advances by stages impairment in cognition, activities of daily living and behavior, average life span following diagnosis: 7 to10 yrs.

question

Pathology of AD, there are 3 consistent neuropathological hallmarks:

answer

-Neuronal degeneration, -Amyloid senile plaques, -Neurofibrillary tangles

question

Hebbian synapse

answer

A synapse that is strengthened when the presynaptic terminal repeatedly causes the postsynaptic cell to fire.

question

Across the Corpus Callosum

answer

Information processed in one hemisphere is shared almost immediately with the other hemisphere. -Damage interferes with the exchange of information between hemispheres-

question

Split Brain people maintain -Normal intellect and -Motivation but they have...

answer

Difficulty integrating information. Split brain people use hands "independently" in a way other people cannot.

question

Left Hemisphere

answer

Place where control of LENGUAGE is CENTERED

question

The Right Hemisphere of the human brain receives VISUAL INPUT from the

answer

Right Half of each retina

question

Control of the EMOTIONAL content of speech depends on

answer

Right Hemisphere

question

Early studies taught chimpanzees to use symbols to communicate with a computer and each other. Which DOES NOT characterizes their use of symbols?

answer

Chimps frequently used new and original combinations

question

Studies of nonhuman language abilities call attention to the

answer

Difficulty of defining language

question

The language of children with Williams syndrome is

answer

Comparable to that of a normal adult's second language

question

One way to test the hypothesis that people are "Biologically Adapted to learn best during a critical period" is to

answer

Determine whether -People learn a second language if they start at various ages

question

Someone suffering from Wernicke's aphasia has

answer

Difficulty UNDERSTANDING SPEECH

question

Typical characteristic of Dyslexic people is

answer

Bilaterally Symmetrical Cerebral Cortex

question

A symptom of Right-Hemisphere Parietal lobe damage is the

answer

Tendency to ignore the Dorsal areas of the body

question

In many instances, Spatial Neglect appears to be linked...

answer

To Cognitive problems

Biological Psychology Kalat 11th Ed Chapter 14 Cognitive Functioning – Flashcards

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