BIOL 100 – Genetics Unit: Chapter 6 – Flashcards
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Normal meiosis produces four ____________ haploid cells known as ____________ (eggs and sperm).
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unique; gametes
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DNA carries the ________ and is wrapped around proteins to form ________.
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genes; chromosomes
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During which phase of mitosis does the cytoplasm divide?
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telophase and cytokinesis
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The term "semiconservative replication" refers to the fact that
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the DNA molecule includes a parental strand and newly created DNA strand.
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Cancer cells within which of the following biopsy samples would be the best indicator that the cancer has metastasized and is circulating through the bloodstream?
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lymph node
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What term describes a harmless, noncancerous or precancerous tumor?
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benign
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________ is the cause of about one-third of all cancer deaths.
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Smoking tobacco
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When a cell in the ovary or testes undergoes meiosis, the resulting cells contain _________ the number of chromosomes as the beginning cell.
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half
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Most cells spend most of their time in which phase?
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interphase
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Normal cell division, which includes the phases of __________, produces daughter cells that are identical to the original cell and takes place to __________.
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mitosis; help organisms grow
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Which of the following is a common feature of cancer cells?
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metastasis
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Which of the following can neutralize dangerous free radicals within the body?
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antioxidants from dietary fruits and vegetables
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Why do chromosomes resemble the letter X when viewed during metaphase of mitosis?
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Because there are two sister chromatids joined at a point in the middle (the centromere).
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________ are places in the cell cycle where proteins survey the cell to make sure that conditions for a favorable cell division have been met.
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Checkpoints
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Which of the following is not a known carcinogen?
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pet dander
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During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate to opposite poles of the cell?
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anaphase
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Crossing over and random alignment of chromosomes during meiosis essentially ensure that every gamete is __________________.
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genetically distinct
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The multiple-hit model of cancer means that
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multiple mutations are required to cause most forms of cancer.
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Consider a strand of DNA with the sequence GAATTCGGCA. What is the sequence of the complementary strand?
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CTTAAGCCGT
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Which of the following is a risk factor for colon cancer?
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advanced age
