BIO205 lab practical – Flashcards

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enterobius vermicularis ova

route of transmission: infected people, towels, tubs

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ascaris lumbricoides ova

route of transmission: fecal-oral route

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Necator americanus ova

route of transmission: infected larvae penetrate intact skin of feet when in contact with soil

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trichinella spiralis larvae

route of transmission: consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked pork or bear meat.

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clonorchis sinensis ova

route of transmission:

feces->snail->fish->human

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schistosoma mansoni ova

route of transmission:

feces->miracidia->snail->cercaria->human skin

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Taenia species proglottid

route of transmission: undercooked beef or pork

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taenia species ova

route of transmission: raw/undercooked pork of beef

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entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

route of transmission: cyst ingested from contaminated food or H2O

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entamoeba histolytica cysts

route of transmission: cysts ingested in contaminated food or H2O

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trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites

route of transmission: intimate contact

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toxoplasma gondii trophozoites

route of transmission: cat feces or undercooked meat

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cryptosporidium oocyst

route of transmission: animal fecal contamination

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giardia lamblia trophozoites

route of transmission: unpurified H2O

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giardia lamblia cyst

route of transmission: unpurified H2O

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balantidium coli trophozoites route of transmission: lack of good hygeine and crowding
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balantidium coli cyst route of transmission: lack of good hygeine and crowding
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trypanosoma trophozoites

route of transmission: bug bites

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plasmodium trophozoites

route of transmission: mosquito bites

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Explain the purpose of the immersion oil when using the 100x objective
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to avoid light refraction
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State the route of transmission for Enterobius vermicularis ova (pinworms)
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typically is from person to person via the fecal-oral route
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State the route of transmission for Ascaris lumbricoides fertilized ova (roundworm)
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fecal-oral route
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state the route of transmission for Necator americanus ova (hookworm)
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barefoot contact with soil
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State the route of transmission for Trichinella spiralis larvae
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eating bear or pig meat
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state the route of transmission for Clonorchis sinensis ova
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feces->snail->fish->skin
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state the route of transmission for Schistosoma mansoni ova
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feces->snail->skin
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state the route of transmission of Taenia saginata or solium
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eating raw or undercooked beefor pork
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Define cysticercosis
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Cysticercosis is a systemic illness caused by dissemination of the larval form of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium
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define ova
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egg cell
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define scolex
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The knoblike anterior end of a tapeworm, having suckers or hooklike parts that in the adult stage serve as organs of
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define proglottid
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body segments of worm that extend from the head
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define monoecious
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having male and female reproductive organs in the same plant or animal
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define dioecious
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having male and female reproductive organs in separate plants or animals
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state the route of transmission for entamoeba histolytica
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cysts ingested in contaminated food or H2O
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state the route of transmission for trichomonas vaginalis
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intimate contact
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state the route of transmission for toxoplasma gondii
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cat feces or undercooked meat
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state the route of transmission for cryptosporidium
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animal fecal contamination
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state the route of transmission for giardia lamblia
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unpurified H2O
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state the route of transmission for balantidium coli
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lack of good hygeine and crowded areas
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state the route of transmission for trypanosoma
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bug bites
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state the route of transmission for plasmodium
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mosquito bites
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Name the disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica
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amoebic dysentry
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Name the disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei
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African sleeping sickness
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Name the disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi
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Changas disease
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Name the disease caused by Plasmodium
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malaria
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Define ubiquitous
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everywhere
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Define pure culture
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Isolation of a single species of microbe 
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Define colony
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cells that descend from a single parent cell that reproduced asexually
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Define turbidity
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Cloudiness
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Define media
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Nutrient material suitable for cultivation of microorganisms
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Define inoculum
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Sampling of a bacterial culture
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Define aseptic technique
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Aseptic technique refers to a procedure that is performed under sterile conditions
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Explain the importance of allowing the loop to cool before obtaining your bacterial sample
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If it is hot it could kill the bacteria
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correct procedure to streak for isolation
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explain why the agar plates are labeled on the bottom and inverted when incubated
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The condensation that forms inside the dish can cause streaking through the growth on the plates. Thus, causing poor or invalid test results.
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state the criteria used to describe a bacterial colony
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shape, margin, elevation, texture, size, appearance, pigmentation, and optical property
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list, in order, the reagents used un the traditional gram stain procedure
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Cyrstal violet
Gram's iodine
Acetone-alcohol
Safranin
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State the function of crystal violet stain used in the Gram stain
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Primary stain
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State the function of Iodine stain used in the Gram stain
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mordant that combines with crystal violet in the cell
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State the function of acetone or ethanol used in the Gram stain
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the decolorizer
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State the function of safranin used in the Gram stain
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counterstain or secondary stain
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explain the mechanism of the gram stain (why gram negative cells lose the primary dye during decolorization)
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It is a differential staining method
of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) based
on the chemical and physical properties of their cell walls.
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Explain the difference between a "simple" stain and a "differential" stain.
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simple stain bacteria stain one color.
differential stain two dyes are used and cause certain bacteria types to stain contrasting colors depending on their properties and characteristics.
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State two organisms that are identified using the acid-fast stain
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mycobacterium annd nocardia
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acid-fast are pink. non acid-fast are purple
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explain why certain organisms are "acid-fast"
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they contain large amounts of lipid called mycolic acid, which makes them resistant to staining and disinfectants.
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What is the decolorizer in acid fast stain?
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Acid/Alcohol
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What is the decolorizer in gram stain?
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Acetone/Ethanol
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state, in order, the three reagents used in the acid-fast stain
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1) Carbolfuchsin
2) Acid-alcohol
3) Methylene blue
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Name two medically important genera of bacteria that produce endospores
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Bacillus and Clostridium
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identify the vegetative cells and the spores
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what color does a vegetative cell stain in the schaeffer-fulton stain?
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red
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what color does an endospore stain in the schaeffer-fulton stain?
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green
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enterobius vermicularis ova
pinworm
spread person to person
fecal-oral
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ascaris lumbricoides ova
roundworm
spread through fecal-oral route
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necator americanus ova
hookworm
route of transmission walking barefoot through soil
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trichinella sipralis larvae
can become infected from eating undercooked meat.
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clonorchis sinensis ova
route of transmission: eating raw or undercooked freshwater fish
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schistosoma mansoni ova
route of transmission: skin contact with infected water
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taenia species proglottid
route of transmission: by digestion of undercooked pork or beef
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taenia species ova
route of transmission: by digestion of undercooked pork or beef
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entamoeba histolytica trophozoite
route of transmission: =ingesting cysts in contaminated food or water
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entamoeba histolytica cysts
route of transmission: ingesting cysts in contaminated food or water.
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trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites
transmitted by initmate contact between individuals
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toxoplasma gondii trophozoites
route of transmission: cat feces or undercooked meat of an infected animal
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cryptosporidum oocyst
route of transmission: from the feces of an infected animal to the mouth of another
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giardia lamblia trophozoites
route of transmission: drinking unpurified water
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giardia lamblia cyst
drinking unpurified water
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balantidium coli trophozoites
common in prisons and nursing homes where there is a lack of good hygeine
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balantidium coli cyst
common in prisons and nursing homes where there is a lack of good hygeine
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trypanosoma trophozoites
route of transmission: infection by a bug bite
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plasmodium trophozoites
infection occurs through bugbite
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causes dysentry
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causes malaria
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what disease does trypanosoma cruzi cause?
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changas disease
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