BIO104 Chapter 32 (COASTAL ALABAMA COMMUNITY COLLEGE – Williford)
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The deuterostomes are characterized by ___________ cleavage.
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indeterminate
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What are four characteristics of Echinodermata.
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water vascular system; endoskeleton; sping \"skin\"; and tube feet.
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What are four major characteristics of Chordata?
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flexible, supporting notochord; dorsal, tubular nerve cord; muscular post-anal tail; and thyroid gland (aka endostyle).
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Chordates typically have a __________ circulatory system
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closed
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Early in vertebrate evolution, anterior pharyngeal arches evolved into ______
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bronchial arches or gill arches, that gives rise to the oral jaw
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Which class of Echinodermata is the oldest class with mostly extinct species? Give an example.
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Crinoidea; ex. feather stars, sea lilies;
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Which class of Echinodermata contains carnivorous predators such as the starfish which can expel their stomach to digest food? Give an example.
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Asteroidea; ex. starfish
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Which class of Echinodermata uses its arms for rowing and lack suckers on its tube feet? Give an example.
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Ophiuroidea. ex. brittle stars or basket stars
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Which class of Echinodermata has a solid body plan called a test? What do these organisms feed on? Give an example.
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Echinoidea. They feed on tiny organic particles. ex. sea urchins and sand dollars
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Which class of of Echinodermata has modified tube feet? If they are threatened what do they release? Give an example.
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Holothuroidea. Red Tubules. ex. Sea Cucumbers
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Do Echinoderms reproduce sexually or asexually?
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asexual and sexual
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What are the functions of the water vascular system in phylum Echinodermata?
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feeding; gas exchange; waste transportation; servers as a hydrostatic skeleton important in locomotion;
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Do echinoderms have an exoskeleton or endoskeleton?
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Endoskeleton
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All chordates have a vertebrate column at some point in their life cycle. True or False
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False C
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Name a subphylum of chordates that has a larvae free swimming and an adult that is sessile:
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Urochordata
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Name a subphylum of chordates that has tentacles in mouth region and is usually found in tropical waters.
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Cephalochordata
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Name a subphylum of chordates that has a vertebral column and a cranium.
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Vertebrata
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Name the class of vertebrates that are jawless fish and have thick bony plates on their heads.
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Petromyzontida
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Class___________ contains cartilaginous fish; sharks, rays, and skates.
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Chondrichthyes
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Name three ways that sharks may detect their prey.
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electroreceptors; sensory cells/smell; sight;
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The lateral line detects what?
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vibrations caused by waves and other movement in the water
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Placoid scales of sharks are structurally the same as _________.
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teeth
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Oviparous
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lay eggs
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Ovoviviparous
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young are enclosed in eggs and incubated mother's body; they are born after they hatch from eggs.
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Viviparous
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bearing young that develops within the mom's body.
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If a shark incubates their eggs in their uteri what type of egg production is taking place?
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Ovoviviparous
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Class___________ contain the ray-finned fishes; the chordate class with the most species.
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Actinopterygii
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What is the function of the operculum?
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extends posteriorly from the head and protects the gills
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What is a swim bladder? Is it an efficent system for breathing?
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An air sac that helps regulate buoyancy (without this the fish would sink). Yes it is an efficient system for breathing.
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Class ________contain the lobed finned fishes, these fish are thought to have given rise to land animals; example: Coelacanths
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Actinistia
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Class_______ are first land animals and contain frogs and salamanders
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Amphibia
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List the three ways class Amphibia respires
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gills, diffusion, and lungs
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How many chambers of the heart does class Amphibia have?
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3 ( 2 atria and single ventricle)
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If you see a brightly colored amphibian, it will more than likely be ________
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poisonous
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What type of egg production do amphibians show?
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Oviparous
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This class contains turtles, snakes, and alligators.
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Reptillia
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Most reptiles are terrestial. Therefore fertilization is external or internal?
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Internal
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What type of egg production do reptiles show?
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Oviparous
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Why do turtles \"sun\" themselves? Can they regulate their temperature?
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because they lack metabolic mechanisms headed to regulate body temp and sunning themselves allows them to raise their body temp & increase their metabolic rate which allows the turtle to hunt for food and be active. No they can't because they are ectothermic.
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Many reptiles are found in cold climates. True or False
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False R
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What is the function of the amnion in the amniotic egg?
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It forms a fluid-filled sac around the embryo with its own private \"pond,\" permitting independance from a watery external environment.
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Order _________includes the turtles and tortises
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Testudines
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Snakes are most closely related to? (Name another squamata)
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Lizards and geckos
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Class________ are closely related to lizards because they retain scales on their legs.
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Amphibia
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How many chambers of the heart do birds (Aves) have?
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4
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Fish exrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of ammonia. Birds excrete waste in the form of ___________ acid
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semisolic uric
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___________are a unique characteristic of birds
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Feathers
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Do birds have a bladder?
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No, the waste is delivered into the cloaca
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Which one is more colorful, male or female birds?
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Males because they assume brighter colors during breeding season to attract a mate.
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This class is the most advanced class of vertebrates
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Mamalia
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How many chambers of the heart do Primates have?
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4
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What are four characteristics of mammals?
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Hair, mammary glands, differentiated teeth, 3 middle ear bones
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What is a diaphragm?
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In mammals, the muscular floor of the chest cavity; contracts during inhalation, expanding chest cavity
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____________ are unusual egg-laying mammals and carry eggs in a pouch
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Marsupials (Metatherians)
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Marsupials embryos develop completely in the uterus. True or False?
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False M
