Bio Test, chapter 3, carbohydrates – Flashcards
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What types of atoms make up carbohydrates?
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Carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen
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How does the number of H atoms in a carbohydrate compare to the number of oxygen atoms?
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There are twice as many hydrogens as oxygens
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What is the simplest type of carbohydrate?
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Monosaccharides
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What two functional groups are found in monosaccharides?
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Hydroxyl and carbonyl
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Name two common monosaccharides and give the molecular formula for each
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Glucose and fructose, both have the molecular formula C6H12O6
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What suffix is commonly found on the end of sugar names?
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-ose
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How are monosaccharides used in a cell?
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They supply energy for cellular work. They also serve as raw materials for building other organic molecules.
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What is a disaccharide, Name two common disaccharides?
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A disaccharide forms when two monosaccharides are joined by dehydration synthesis. Sucrose, lactose, andmaltose are common disaccharides.
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Are carbohydrates generally hydrophilic or hydrophobic
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Hydrophilic (due to the many -OH groups)
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Describe 6 functions proteins may perform.
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• Enzymes - Control chemical reactions
• Structural - Forming structures such as hair and tendons
• Movement - Such as proteins in muscles
• Transport - Hemoglobin carries O2 in the blood
• Communication - Signal proteins and some hormones
• Defense - Antibodies that defend the body against microorganisms
• Storage - Such as albumen (the whites) in eggs
