Bio Psych 2.2 – Flashcards

"Second messengers" carry their messages to ____.​

Releasing hormones are synthesized in the ____ and released in the ____.​

COMT and MAO are ____.​

The catecholamines include ____.​

Receptor molecules for neurotransmitters that exert metabotropic effects are proteins that bind to ____ outside the membrane, and attach to ____ inside the membrane.​

When an action potential reaches the end of an axon, the depolarization causes what ionic movement in the presynaptic cell?​

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) controls secretions of the ____.​

Glutamate opens sodium gates, enabling sodium ions to enter the postsynaptic cell. What type of effect is this?​

When an action potential reaches the end of an axon, it evokes the release of neurotransmitters by opening ____ channels in the axon terminal.​

The anterior pituitary is composed of ____ and the posterior pituitary is composed of ____.​

Hormones exert their effects ____.​

Which category of chemicals includes adenosine and several of its derivatives?​

A hormone is a chemical that is ____.​

What happens to acetylcholine after it attaches to a receptor on the postsynaptic cell?​

You are eating a food containing tryptophan. What can you consume with it to increase its entry to the brain?​

Avoiding foods with lecithin, such as eggs and peanuts, would affect the levels of which neurotransmitter the most?​

Compared to ionotropic effects, metabotropic effects are ____.​

Many neurons release neuropeptides mostly from the ____.​

A receptor can directly open a channel and thereby exert a(n) ____ effect, or it can produce slower but longer ____ effects.​

In general, a single neuron releases ____ neurotransmitter(s) and can respond to ____ neurotransmitter(s).​

The basic building blocks for the majority of neurotransmitters are ____.​

Which neurotransmitter is released by stimulated neurons to dilate the blood vessels?​

Which event is most likely to be dependent on ionotropic effects?​

What happens when a neurotransmitter is released by a presynaptic cell?​

A metabotropic synapse, by way of its second messenger, ____.​

Neuropeptides are synthesized in the ____.​

The main advantage of a neuron releasing more than one neurotransmitter is that:​

The presynaptic terminal stores high concentrations of neurotransmitter molecules in ____.​

A drug that inhibits the action of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase will have the effect of ____.​

What is the synaptic cleft?​

Which terms refers to a chemical that binds to another chemical?​

Activation of autoreceptors tends to ____.​

What is the function of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase?​

Loewi demonstrated that synapses operate by the release of chemicals by ____.

Autoreceptors monitor the ____.​

In addition to influencing other neurons, ____ increases blood flow to a specific area of the brain.​

A neuron excretes neurotransmitters through its membrane by a process called ____.​

Ionotropic effects are characterized by ____.​

"Transporter" proteins transport neurotransmitters ____.​

The primary method for disposal of peptide neurotransmitters is ____.​

The effect of a neurotransmitter on a postsynaptic neuron is determined by the ____.​

Ionotropic effects ____.​

The amino acid tryptophan is the precursor to which neurotransmitter?​

Although slower than an action potential, synaptic transmission is still relatively fast because ____.​

What makes nitric oxide unique among neurotransmitters?​