BIO 150 Chap 4-7 – Flashcards
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Sweating is a physiological process that seeks to maintain blood glucose levels. blood volume. urine levels. blood pH. body temperature.
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Body temperature
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Which of the following is responsible for the waterproofing of skin? mucus keratin hyaline cartilage sweat wax
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Keratin
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Which type of neuroglia cell is found outside of the brain? astrocytes microglia oligodendrocytes Schwann cells axons
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Schwann cells
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In epithelial tissues, what serves to anchor the epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue? ependymal cells plasma membrane synovial membrane basement membrane transitional membrane
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Basement membrane
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Which body cavity contains the small and large intestines? abdominal cavity dorsal cavity cranial cavity vertebral canal pelvic cavity
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Abdominal cavity
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Which of the following is mismatched to its location in the skin? fat--subcutaneous layer sense organs--dermis keratinization--epidermis nerves/blood vessels--epidermis hair follicle--dermis
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Nerves/blood vessels--epidermis
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Specialized cells that work together to perform a common function are called... membranes. organs. tissues. glands. organisms.
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Tissues
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What membrane is infected in meningitis? the lining of the brain and spinal cord the lining of the lungs the lining of the heart the lining of the digestive tract the lining of the reproductive tract
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the lining of the brain and spinal cord
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The stripes in skeletal muscle are due to the presence of... multiple nuclei per cell. actin and myosin filaments. intercalated discs. the branching of the cells. tendons connecting the muscle to bone.
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Actin and myosin filaments
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Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities? epithelial tissue connective tissue muscular tissue nervous tissue vascular tissue
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Epithelial tissue
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While observing cardiac muscle under the microscope for the first time, Jennifer noticed lines running perpendicular to the direction of the muscle. These lines are called... perpendicular plates. Volkman canals. Broca's area. Haversian canals. intercalated discs.
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intercalated discs
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Jacob looked up and saw the car. This information was relayed to him via what type of tissue? Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous Vascular
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Nervous
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Which type of epithelial tissue lines the air sacs and permits exchange of gasses? squamous epithelium columnar epithelium pseudostratified columnar epithelium cuboidal epithelium stratified cuboidal epithelium
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Squamos epithelium
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The body's ability to maintain a relative constancy of its internal environment is called.. homeostasis. development. homogeneous. coordination. feedback.
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Homeostasis
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What characteristic can be used to differentiate bone and cartilage? whether the matrix is solid or liquid the presence or absence of cells the flexibility of the matrix the presence of fibers in the matrix whether it is fibrous or specialized connective tissue
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the flexibility of the matrix
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Which of the following cells would have a greater probability of developing into cancer? brain cells neurons epithelial cells muscle cells liver cells
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epithelial cells
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Which structure produces "goose bumps"? arrector pili muscles hair follicles sebaceous glands sudoriferous glands cuticle
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arrector pili muscles
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What type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder and allows it to stretch? Pseudostratified epithelium Glandular epithelium Transitional epithelium Stratified epithelium Columnar epithelium
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transitional epithelium
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What are the two forms of fibrous connective tissue? bone and blood fibroblasts and matrix hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage adipose and cartilage loose fibrous and dense fibrous
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loose fibrous and dense fibrous
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The best description for the two components of blood are... red blood cells and plasma. platelets and plasma. white blood cells and red blood cells. formed elements and plasma. formed elements and platelets.
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formed elements and plasma
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Which of the following heart tissues is not part of the internal conduction system of the heart? -atrioventricular bundle -atrioventricular node -Purkinje fibers -sinoatrial node -semilunar valve
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Semilunar valve
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Which arterial structure enables it to resist the blood pressure? -elastic tissue in the arterial wall -valves within artery -skeletal muscle within the arterial walls -precapillary sphincters -a wall composed only of endothelium
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Elastic tissue in the arterial wall
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Normal blood pressure is 120/80. What is the top number called and what is happening in the heart? -systolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart -diastolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart -systolic pressure, ventricles are relaxing -diastolic pressure, ventricles are relaxing -diastolic pressure, atria are contracting, ventricles are relaxing
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Systolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart
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What does an ECG record? brain activity blood volume heart sounds hormonal changes electrical changes
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electrical changes
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A person who sits for hours on a long airplane flight will have problems will blood pooling below the knees. Why? The valves in the leg veins don't work above a certain altitude. Blood pressure drops on long airplane flights. The respiratory pump is not helping blood return to the heart. The capillaries expand at high altitudes. The skeletal muscle pump below the knees is not helping blood return to the heart.
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The skeletal muscle pump below the knees is not helping blood return to the heart.
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Blood pressure ______ with distance from the left ventricle while the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels __________. -decreases, increases -increases, decreases -stays the same, decreases -stays the same, increases -decreases, stays the same
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decreases, increases
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Mrs. Hinson was informed that her blood pressure was 150/95. These numbers indicate that she has __________. -normal blood pressure -prehypertension -hypotension -stage 1 hypertension -stage 2 hypertension
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stage 1 hypertension
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What are the two components of the cardiovascular system? -heart and blood vessels -arteries and heart -veins and heart -arteries and veins -capillaries and veins
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heart and blood vessels
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What type of cell junctions are found in cardiac muscle tissue? -atria and auricles -septae and chordae -intercalated disks -myocardium and pericardium -gap junctions and desmosomes
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gap junctions and desmosomes
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What is the bursting of a blood vessel called? embolus aneurysm thrombus myocardial infarction stroke
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aneurysm
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Elizabeth takes a prescription drug that dilates her arterioles. What does this do to her blood pressure? Why? It falls because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels. It rises because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels. It falls because this decreases the cross-sectional area of the vessels. It rises because this decreases the cross-sectional area of the vessels. It stays the same because venules, not arterioles, control blood pressure.
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it falls because this increases the cross sectional area of the vessels
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What system drains blood from the capillary beds of the digestive tract to a capillary bed in the liver? cephalic hepatic portal coronary celiac lymphatic
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hepatic portal
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At any one time, where is the majority of the blood found in the body? veins lungs lymphatic vessels capillaries arteries
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veins
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The right ventricle is to the pulmonary trunk as the left ventricle is to the ___________. aorta superior vena cava left pulmonary vein inferior vena cava left common carotid artery
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aorta
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What is the instrument called that is used to measure blood pressure? stethoscope CPR sphygmomanometer ECG AED
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sphygmomanomenter
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What is the name of the thick, membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart? mesothelium endothelium pericardium myocardium epicardium
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pericardium
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Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit? right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle aorta
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right ventricle
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If the left semilunar valve was blocked, where would blood accumulate? lungs right atrium left atrium right ventricle left ventricle
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left ventricle
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What drug may protect against having a first heart attack? acetominophen aspirin ACE t-PA beta-blockers
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aspirin
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Which part of the brain contains the cardiac control center? cerebrum medulla oblongata cerebellum pons frontal lobe
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medulla oblongata
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What do type A positive and AB negative blood have in common? A and B antigens A antigens and Rh antigens, anti-B antibodies anti-B antibodies and Rh antigens A antigens, anti-B antibodies A antigens
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A antigens
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If blood clotting doesn't occur correctly what could happen? Formed elements and plasma would not remain in the blood. Red blood cells would increase in concentration. The Ca2+ concentration in the blood would increase. The blood pressure of the individuals would increase. Fluid would accumulate in the body.
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formed elements and plasma would not remain in the blood
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The vitamin necessary for fibrinogen and prothrombin formation (found in green vegetables and released by intestinal bacteria) is vitamin B. vitamin D. vitamin A. vitamin E. vitamin K.
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vitamin k
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After blood clots, the yellowish fluid that escapes from the clot is called thrombin. fibrinogen. serum. lymph. plasma.
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serum
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Mark suffers from nosebleeds and gastrointestinal bleeding due to increased breakdown of platelets outside the marrow. This is called thrombocytopenia. thromboembolism. hemophilia. prothrombin disease. sickle-cell anemia.
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thrombocytopenia
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Which of the following are agranular leukocytes? neutrophils and basophils lymphocytes and monocytes eosinophils and monocytes monocytes and neutrophils neutrophils and lymphocytes
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lymphocytes and monocytes
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Which of the following is not a function of blood? transport defense regulation pumping carry oxygen
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pumping
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A person with O negative blood has what antigens on their red blood cells? A only B only A and Rh B and Rh none
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none
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Agglutination refers to the production of antibodies. destruction of red blood cells. development of platelets. production of lymphocytes. clumping of red blood cells.
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clumping of red blood cells
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Ray is considered a universal donor. His blood type is O. A. B. AB. Rh negative.
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O
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What are the most abundant plasma proteins that also establish the osmotic pressure of the plasma? fibrinogens gamma globulins astrocytes albumins hemoglobin
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albumins
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Coagulation contributes to homeostasis by keeping the blood within the vessels. regulating body temperature. destroying pathogens. removing debris from the blood. maintaining the pH of the blood.
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keeping the blood within the vessels
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Robby could not produce the enzyme adenosine deaminase. As a result, he suffered from mononucleosis. cystic fibrosis. sickle cell anemia. SCID. Graves disease.
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SCID
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Robby has type B positive blood. His blood will contain A and Rh antigens, and anti-B antibodies. A but no Rh antigens, and anti-B antibodies. B but no Rh antigens, and anti-A antibodies. B and Rh antigens, and anti-A antibodies. B and Rh antigens, and no antibodies.
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B and Rj antigens, and anti A antibodies
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If your skin and the whites of your eyes appear yellow, what is not being excreted? heme globin chains carbonic acid carbon dioxide biocarbonate ion
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heme
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RBCs are better known as ________ and WBCs are better known as ___________. lymphocytes, monocytes erythrocytes, eosinophils leukocytes, erythrocytes erythrocytes, leukocytes macrophages, neutrophils
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erythrocytes, leukocytes
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It is thought that President Abraham Lincoln suffered from a genetic disorder known as Marfan syndrome. Which type of fiber is affected in this disorder? elastic fibers reticular fibers collagen fibers hyaline fibers ground fibers
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Elastic fibers
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Which systems function in adjustment of the acid-base balance of the blood? cardiovascular and muscular cardiovascular and urinary respiratory and urinary respiratory and skeletal muscular and skeletal
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Respiratory and urinary
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The three major components of connective tissue are cells, ground substance, and carbohydrate fibers. cells, fat, and protein fibers. cells, ground substance, and protein fibers. cells, ground substance, and enzymes. ground substance, enzymes, and protein fibers.
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cells, ground substance, and protein fibers
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Which component of the neuron receives the signal from the sensory receptor? dendrite axon cell body nucleus myelin sheath
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dendrite
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________ glands are considered ductless glands and ______ glands contain ducts. Exocrine, endocrine Transitional, exocrine Transitional, endocrine Endocrine, exocrine Sudoriferous, transitional
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endocrine, exocrine
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The specialized cells in the nervous system that serve to conduct a signal are known as neuroglia. neurons. dendrocytes. astrocytes. Schwann cells.
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neurons
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Stretch marks are the result of tears in the integumentary layer that contains fibrous connective tissue, elastin, and collagen. What is this region of the integument called? subcutaneous layer Langerhan layer epidermis hypodermis dermis
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dermis
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What cavities develop from the ventral cavity? cranial and vertebral thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic pelvic and abdominal cranial and thoracic cranial, vertebral, and thoracic
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thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic
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What protein provides flexibility and strength to connective tissues? actin collagen keratin fibrinogen myosin
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collagen
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Carla is having problems with infections. Which body system is failing? immune system integumentary system cardiovascular system urinary system musculoskeletal system
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immune system
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Lymphatic vessels serve to absorb fat molecules from the bile. small intestines. large intestines. stomach. blood.
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small intestine
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What is the function of valves in the veins? increase the rate of blood flow prevent the backward flow of blood regulation of blood pressure oxygenate the blood remove debris from the blood
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Prevent the backward flow of blood
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When comparing the cardiovascular system to a city, what is it similar to? roads government building grocery stores waste recycling plant power plant
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roads
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Which blood vessel of the pulmonary circuit will carry deoxygenated blood? pulmonary artery pulmonary vein vena cava aorta all of these carry deoxygenated blood
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pulmonary artery
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Choose the most correct statement concerning capillaries. Networks of capillaries are called capillary nets. Almost all capillaries are open at the same time. The only site of nutrient, gas exchange, and waste exchange is the capillaries. Pre-capillary sphincters contract to increase capillary flow. The walls of capillaries contain smooth muscle.
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The only site of nutrient, gas exchange, and waste exchange is the capillaries.
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Which of the following blood vessels are small, thin, and porous enough to exchange substances at the tissue level of organization? arterioles capillaries venules small arteries veins
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capillaries
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Lisa receives a dose of epinephrine. What does this do to her heart rate? increases it decreases it stops it does not alter it makes it skip every other beat
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increases it
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The "lub" sound of the "lub-dup" heart beat is due to what? the closing of the AV valves the closing of the semilunar valves the right atrium contracting the left atrium contracting the relaxation of both atria
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the closing of the av valves
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Which of the following activities is not recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease? Know your cholesterol level. Take antioxidant vitamins (A, E, and C). Raise the LDL intake. Use olive and canola oil rather than butter/cream. Exercise moderately.
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raise the LDL intake
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When dissecting a specimen, Barry noticed that the arteries were thicker and more elastic than the veins. Why? Veins return blood to the heart against gravity. Arteries contain a greater volume of blood. Veins have valves. Arteries are under greater pressure. Arteries have less smooth muscle than veins.
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arteries are under greater pressure
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What structure within a capillary bed shunts blood from the arteriole to the venule? precapillary valve endothelium precapillary sphincter pericardium shunt valve
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precapillary sphincter
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Which of the following is the largest artery of the systemic circuit? aorta vena cava femoral artery carotid artery pulmonary artery
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aorta
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If your pulse is 70 beats per minute, how fast is your heart beating? 140 beats per minute 35 beats per minute 70 beats per minute 120 beats per minute 80 beats per minute
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70 beats per minute
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Which blood vessel will have the greatest amount of oxygen? femoral artery pulmonary artery vena cava jugular all of these are equal
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femoral artery
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The American Heart Association recommends a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol to prevent which disease? hypotension aneurysm hypertension atherosclerosis infarction
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atherosclerosis
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Where in the body is blood pressure the highest? superior vena cava aorta inferior vena cava lung capillaries renal capillaries
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aorta
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Hemoglobin that carries carbon dioxide is called oxyhemoglobin. betahemoglobin. carbaminohemoglobin. alphahemoglobin. deoxyhemoglobin.
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carbaminohemoglobin
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The final reaction in blood clotting is fibrinogen → fibrin. platelets → prothrombin activator. prothrombin → thrombin. plasmin → fibrin. fibrin → thrombin
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fibrinogen - fibrin
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Monocytes are large blood cells that differentiate into megakaryocytes. neutrophils. globulins. macrophages. fibrinogens.
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macrophages
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What makes the blood red? albumin hemoglobin fibrinogen globulins platelets
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hemoglobin
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The fragmentation of very large megakaryocytes results in the production of leukocytes. erythrocytes. albumins. platelets. globulins.
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platelets
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Mature human red blood cells have a nucleus. are biconcave discs without a nucleus. are rare in the bloodstream. carry plasma. fight pathogens.
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are bioconcave discs without a nucleus
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Cytotoxic T cells have the ability to produce antibodies destroy pathogens. increase erythrocyte production. stimulate thrombin. produce platelets.
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destroy pathogens
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How much carbon dioxide is dissolved in the plasma? 0% 1% 5% 7% 10%
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7
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If there is a problem with clotting, what plasma protein may be involved? fibrinogens gamma globulins alpha globulins albumins beta globulins
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fibrinogens
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Which of the following substances is not considered part of blood plasma? dissolved O2 glucose urea albumin red blood cells
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red blood cells
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Jena and Seth could have a child with hemolytic disease of the newborn. Jena must be Rh negative. Rh positive. a carrier for anemia. blood type A. blood type O.
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Rh negative
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Which of the following body parts is surrounded by a mucous membrane? tubes of the respiratory system tubes of the digestive system tubes of the lymphatic system tubes of the integumentary system
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tubes of the digestive system
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Lymphatic vessels serve to absorb fat molecules from the large intestines small intestines both a and b aorta
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small intestines
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Which type of tissues make up the epidermis? simple squamos stratified squamos epithelium stratified simple squamos right ventricle
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stratified squamos epithelium
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Todd's father slipped a disk in his back. Dr. Foster explained to the family that the intervertebral disks are composed of cartilage tissue fibrocartilage intercalated discs
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fibrocartilage
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As a result of an infection, which component of blood would increase? red blood cells white cells leuokocytes right ventricle
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leukocytes
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Which two types of cells make myelin? scwann and simple schwann and oligodendryocytes veins and arteries leokocytes capillaries
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oligodendryocytes and schwann cells
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Gynecologists perform yearly pap smears for women. This procedure is important in early diagnosis and prevention of what type of cancer? breast cancer cervical cancer skin cancer
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cervical cancer
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What carries oxygen in the blood? veins arteries red blood cells white blood cells schwann cells
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red blood cells
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What is the role of the lymphatic system associated with the cardiovascular system? -carry blood -collect excess tissue fluids and returning it to the cardiovascular system -collect excess cells
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collecting excess tissue fluids and returning it to the cardiovascular system
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What is considered the pacemaker of the heart? the arterial node the sinoatrial node the capillary node
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the sinoatrial node
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Which part of the body is often diseased in alcoholics due to exposure to alcohol? kidneys liver bladder
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liver
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Tina's heart began to beat much faster when it came to the scary scene in the movie. Which part of the nervous system causes the heart to beat faster when afraid? sympathetic nervous
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sympathetic
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A hospital laboratory technician injects a dye into a vein in your right arm. What is the first chamber of the heart that the dye will reach?
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right atrium
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Why does blood move slower in the capillaries compared to the arterioles? more capillaries than arterioles more arterioles than capillaries
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more capillaries than arterioles
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What are the upper chambers of the heart called?
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atria
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The excess fluid from the cardiovascular system that enters the lymphatic system is called _______.
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lymph
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Which blood vessel will have the greatest amount of oxygen? aorta right ventricle femoral artery
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femoral artery
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Which of the following is not a role the skeletal system plays in helping the cardiovascular system?
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regulates the contraction of the heart
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Which of the following substances is not considered part of blood plasma?
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red blood cells white blood cells schwann cells
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How does the muscular system benefit the blood?] muslce move keeps blood moving through the heart and vessels keeps blood moving through the muscles
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keeps blood moving through the heart and vessels
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If a person does not have enough iron in their diet, they may suffer from
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anemia
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Jena and Seth could have a child with hemolytic disease of the newborn. Jena must be
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Rh negative
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Approximately how many oxygen molecules can a single RBC carry? thousands one million one billion one trillion
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one billion
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In which of the following scenarios would hemolytic disease of the newborn be a possibility?
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mom is rh negative and dad is rh positive
