Bio 15 Chapter 11: How Genes are controlled – Flashcards
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The term "gene expression" refers to the
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Process by which genetic information flows from genes to proteins.
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A gene operon consists of:
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Transcribed genes, an operator, and a promoter
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In a prokaryote, a group of genes with related functions, along with their associated control sequences, defines
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An operon
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The lac operon in Escherichia coli
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promotes the expression of lactose - utilizing enzymes when lactose is absent from the environment.
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Proteins that bind to DNA and turn on operons by making it easier for RNA polymerase to bind to a promoter are called
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Activators
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The lac operon of E. coli _______ when the repressor is bound to lactose.
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Active
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The expression of the tryptophan operon is controlled by
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A repressor that is active when it binds to a tryptophan.
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The basis of cellular differentiation is
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Selective gene expression
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Which of the following statements regarding DNA packing is false?
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DNA packing tends to promote gene expression.
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In female mammals, the inactive X chromosome in each cell
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Becomes a Barr body.
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The tortoiseshell pattern on a cat
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Results from X chromosome inactivation.
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Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells use ________ to turn certain genes on or off.
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Proteins
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RNA splicing involves the
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Removal of introns from the molecule.
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The coding regions of a gene are called
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Exons.
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Which of the following permits a single gene to code for more than one polypeptide?
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Alternative RNA splicing.
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Small pieces of RNA that can regulate translation of mRNA are called
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microRNA
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All of the following mechanisms are used to regulate protein production except
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DNA replication
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Which of the following mechanisms of controlling gene expression occurs outside of the nucleus?
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Translation
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Which of the following statements about fruit fly development is false?
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The location of the head and tail of the egg is primarily determined by the location of sperm entry during fertilization.
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A homeotic gene
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Serves as a master control gene that functions during embryonic development by controlling the developmental fate of group of cells.
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In multicellular organisms, the coordination of cellular activities relies on
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Cell - to - cell signaling and signal transduction pathways.
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To initiate a signal transduction pathway, the signal binds to a receptor protein usually located in the?
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Plasma membrane
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Transcription factors attach to
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DNA
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A signal outside a cell triggers changes in the transcription and translation inside the cell through?
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Signal transduction pathways
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The cloning of dolly the sheep
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Demonstrated that the nuclei from differentiated mammalian cells can retain their full genetic potential.
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Adult stem cells have limited therapeutic potential
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Because their developmental potential is limited to certain tissues.
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Mutations in the p53 gene can lead to cancer by:
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Causing the production of a faulty protein that is no longer able to inhibit cell division.
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The carcinogen known to cause the most cases and types of cancer is
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Tobacco
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What is the proper order of events in the expression of a eukaryotic protein?
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DNA unpacking, mRNA splicing, translation, protein folding
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Which structure shows one complete nucleosome?
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The metaphase chromosome. It looks like a fluffy x.
