Bio 111 Chapter 10 Pre-HW – Flashcards
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Why do chromosomes condense during prophase?
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So that they will not be damaged when they are moved around the cell.
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Docetaxel is a drug that is used in the treatment of cancer. It interferes with cell division by inhibiting microtubule depolymerization. Specifically, what effect will this have on mitosis?
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It will prevent sister chromatids from separating during anaphase.
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A pregnant mother recently had an ultrasound that indicated massive defects in the formation of her unborn baby's heart. Other oddities were noted in the spinal cord region, the kidneys, and the formation of the facial features. She had an amniocentesis to examine the baby's karyology, and it was noted that there was a deletion of a small piece of one chromosome. The doctors advised her that her that she would likely miscarry. The devastated parents consult you as a genetic advisor on the likelihood that a future pregnancy would end similarly. What advise do you give this unfortunate couple?
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The mutation was probably a germ line mutation that only affected a single egg or sperm, so they should try to have more children
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Which of the following statements about the mitotic spindle is TRUE?
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Kinetochore microtubules in the mitotic spindle attempt to connect to kinetochore proteins in the centromeres of the condensed chromosomes.
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Cohesin complexes
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hold a chromosome's sister chromatids together.
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The arms of the sister chromatids dissociate from each other during ________ of mitosis.
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Prophase.
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If the cohesin proteins failed to degrade during the metaphase/anaphase transition?
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Daughter cells would not have a complete set of chromosomes, and there would be two copies of the chromosomes that are present.
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When does cohesin first associate with the sister chromatids?
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During S phase.
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The structure that divides the bacterial cell in two is termed the
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cross septum.
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How many generations does it take for a single bacterial cell to become 256?
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8.
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The generation time of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is
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12 hours.
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In streptococci, why is new cell wall only produced in certain regions of the daughter cells?
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These bacteria possess cell wall from the parent, and only need to produce new cell wall in certain regions.
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The proteins ________ work together to free the transcription factor that is bound by the retinoblastoma protein.
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cyclin and cyclin dependent kinase.
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Mutated forms of the Rb protein...
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Do not bind to E2F thereby promoting uncontrolled cell division.
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The protein ________ checks for damaged DNA, thereby acting as a "quality control" for the cell.
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p53.
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What mutation would allow the cell to divide when it should not and could possibly lead to cancer?
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None of these will lead to cell proliferation.
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Which mutation would allow the cell to pass the G1 checkpoint when it should not?
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A mutation in Rb, preventing it from associating with E2F.
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The success of DNA replication is assessed during the ______ phase.
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G2.
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The cell cycle is regulated by checkpoints during the _______ phases.
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G1, G2, and M.
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A eukaryotic cell that receives a "go-ahead" signal at the G1 checkpoint of the cell cycle will
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complete the cycle and divide.
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A cell that is in an environment that has an abnormally low pH will NOT pass which checkpoint?
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G1.
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DNA repair enzymes will be highly active during what phase of the cell cycle?
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G2.
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Growth factor receptors are typically found in the
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cell membrane.
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If the protein retinoblastoma is ________, it can bind to and ________ the Myc protein.
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dephosphorylated ; inactivate.
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The growth factors illustrated in this system are positive regulatory growth factors. Why are they considered 'positive' growth factors.
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They increase the rate of cell proliferation.
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How does myc become active?
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It dissociated from Rb.
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Mutations in the protein retinoblastoma (Rb) are often associated with cancer in the eye. What mutation might lead to cancer?
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A mutation that prevents Rb from becoming phosphorylated.
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