Bi212 Final Exam (Midterm 2) – Flashcards
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Which of the following statements is true?
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all protists have a nucleus
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Why do insect bodies do not exceed a certain size?
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The tracheal system is not efficient enough to supply large bodies with oxygen
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Protostomes are a monophyletic group divided into two major subgroups:
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lophotrochozoa and ecdysozoa
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Many multicellular protists have one phase of their life cycle that is based on a haploid form and another that is based on a diploid form. This is known as _____.
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Alternation of generations
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Which adaptation is unique to insects among all protostomes?
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the ability to move by flying
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Which of the following do all nematoda and arthropoda have in common?
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they grow by shedding their outer covering
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a veliger is_____.
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a type of larva
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According to the endosymbiosis theory, what type of organism is the original ancestor of the chloroplast?
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a cynobacterium
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If humans were characterized as undergoing metamorphosis, human development from infant to adult would be best described as _____, and human infants would be described as _______.
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hemimetabolous metamorphosis; nymphs
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a particular species of protist has obtained a chloroplast via secondary endosymbiosis. How can you tell?
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the chloroplasts have four membranes
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All animals except sponges have_____ and______.
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neurons; muscle cells
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Feeding by phagocytosis is only possible in protists that_____.
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lack a cell wall
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Protists are a monophyletic group defined by one major synapomorphy
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False
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Virtually every major group of animals appeared in the fossil record during _____.
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the Cambrian explosion
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Giving birth to live young by humans and mice is an example of convergence evolution
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False
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Mitochondria are thought to have originated in eukaryotes as a result of ______.
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endosymbiosis
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Diploblasts are animals whose embryos have two types of tissues or germ layers. Which ones?
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ectoderm and endoderm
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What is the adaptive value of metamorphosis?
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improved dispersal, use of new food sources and reduced competition
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Which of the following is a synapomorphy of the ecdysozoans that distinguishes them from the lophotopchozoans
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growth by molting
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many biologists view sexual reproduction as an adaptation that helps organisms to _______.
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fight disease
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In the tube-within -a tube body plan, what is the interior tube?
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gut
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IN the tube-within-a tube body pan what is the interior tube made of?
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endoderm
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a jellyfish is a
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diploblastic animal
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Animals that consume mainly dead organic matter would be classified as
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detrivores
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A synapomorphy is a trait ____.
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found in a certain group of organisms that exist in no others
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radial symmetry in cnidarians and echinoderms is a homologous trait.
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False
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If you consider plants prey, leaf consuming herbivores that only consume a few leaves and do not kill the plant would be _______.
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parasites
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Which term most precisely describes a herbivore consuming entire seeds?
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predator
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a paraphyletic group contains the most recent common ancestor ________.
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and some, but not all of its descendants
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a pupa is part of the life cycle of
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a holometaboulous insect
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which of these organisms belong to the arthropoda?
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insect, spider, scorpion, lobster
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A trochophore is ________.
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a type of larva
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Which of the following would most strongly support you hypothesis that an animal you are observing is an endoparasite?
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lack of digestive system
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Bilaterians that retained a coelom but lost the mesodermal lining in parts of the coelom are called ________.
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pseudocoelomates
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In contrast to the deuterostomes, in protostomes the ____develops before the _____.
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mouth, anus
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Some insects are able to reproduce through the development of offspring from unfertilized eggs. Is this type of asexual reproduction correctly described by the term 'parthenogenesis'?
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yes
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Animals are grouped according to where the eggs and embryos develop following internal fertilization. By far most of the protostomes are_____.
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oviparous
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IN mollusks, the matrix which contains most of the organs as well as the external gill is called______
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visceral mass
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What do bivalves, gastropods, chitons and cephalopods have in common?
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they all belong to mollusca
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Most bivalves reproduce sexually and have two larval stages. The first larval stage is a trochophore larva. What is the name of the second larval stage?
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veliger
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A bee has three body magmata. Which of those carries the wings?
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thorax
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The gill co-option hypothesis tries to explain what?
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the evolution of wings in insects
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In insects with a hemimetabolous metamorphosis such as aphids, the larval stages ( which look like miniature adults and frequently feed on the same food source as the adults) are called______.
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nymphs
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You find an arthropod with three pairs of jointed legs in your bedroom. You conclude that this animal is_______.
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an insect
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an increased concentration of protons in the thylakoid lumen during photosynthesis results in a ______ pH in this compartment
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lowered
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Early investigators thought the oxygen produced by photosynthetic plants came from carbon dioxide. In fact, it comes from
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water
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The endosymbiosis theory explains both the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells
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true
