question

By damming streams, American beavers produce swamp, open marsh, and pond habitats that would not otherwise exist. Ecologists have compared the species diversity in regions with and without beaver populations. If the beaver is a keystone species, what do you think they found? A) Beaver did not influence the diversity of other species. B) Species diversity was higher in areas with beaver. C)Species diversity was higher in areas without beaver.

answer

C) Species diversity was higher in areas with beaver.

question

Two species with very similar resource requirements that live in the same area are most likely to interact in what way? competition mutualism predation

answer

competition

question

Relate the terms population and community. A community is made of populations A population is used to describe plants, a community is used to describe animals A population is made of communities A community is used to describe plants, a population is used to describe animals

answer

A community is made of populations

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Species richness is The number of organisms in a community The number of species in a population The number of different species in an area The total weight, or biomass, of living organisms in a given area

answer

The number of different species in an area

question

What type of relationship exists between the hummingbird and the flower? Predation Mutualism Competition

answer

mutualism

question

The effect of wolves on the survival and growth of young trees along rivers in Yellowstone National Park is a good example of... symbiosis. an indirect interaction between two species. a direct interspecific interaction. predation.

answer

an indirect interaction between two species.

question

In Africa, grasses are the main vegetation in savanna communities. Acacias and other trees are few and widely scattered. Elephants range over very large territories and are not very abundant in any one location. However, they strongly affect the community by uprooting and consuming trees and shrubs, maintaining suitable habitat for grasses and grassland animals. Many species of birds and insects live in the savanna grasses. Based on this information, which of the species or groups above would best be described as keystone species? acacia trees grasses birds and insects elephants

answer

elephants

question

Which of the following is a direct interspecific interaction? Individual lions compete with each other for food and mates. Lions eat antelope; in the presence of lions the antelope population is reduced. Hormones circulating within a lion affect her levels of hunger and motivation to hunt. Through their effects on antelope behavior, lions increase the survival of some plant species.

answer

Lions eat antelope; in the presence of lions the antelope population is reduced.

question

In Africa, grasses are the main vegetation in savanna communities. Acacias and other trees are few and widely scattered. Elephants range over very large territories and are not very abundant in any one location. However, they strongly affect the community by uprooting and consuming trees and shrubs, maintaining suitable habitat for grasses and grassland animals. Many species of birds and insects live in the savanna grasses. Which of the species or groups above would best be described as foundation species? birds and insects acacia trees grasses elephants

answer

grasses

question

Which of the following is an indirect interspecific interaction? Big fish eat small fish. Large fish reduce the abundance of phytoplankton. This occurs because large fish eat small fish, which leads to greater zooplankton numbers. The zooplankton grazing then reduces phytoplankton abundance. Zooplankton eat (graze) floating algae called phytoplankton. Individual pike (large fish) compete with each other for feeding territories. Small fish eat swimming crustaceans called zooplankton.

answer

Large fish reduce the abundance of phytoplankton. This occurs because large fish eat small fish, which leads to greater zooplankton numbers. The zooplankton grazing then reduces phytoplankton abundance.

question

Most pest populations can be easily and effectively managed by occasionally killing most of the individuals, for example by using a chemical weed or insect killer.

answer

False

question

Montana Vital Statistics 2010 Report Variable Value in 2010 N (human population size) 989,415 Annual number of births 12,058 Annual number of deaths 8,803 Total land area 376,962 km 2 What was the per capita rate of change in Montana's population in 2010?

answer

The per capita rate of change (.0033) = per capita rate of birth (.01219) − per capita rate of death (.00889).

question

Limiting factors can affect _________________ (select all that apply): birth rate death rate immigration rate emigration rate all of these none of these

answer

all of these

question

Montana Vital Statistics 2010 Report Variable Value in 2010 N (human population size) 989,415 Annual number of births 12,058 Annual number of deaths 8,803 Total land area 376,962 km 2 What was Montana's per capita death rate for 2010?

answer

0.009. Per capita death rate = deaths / N

question

At a certain population size called the _______________, a self-limiting population will tend to stay at the same size because the birth rate is equal to the death rate. sustainable size population limit carrying capacity exponetial size

answer

carrying capacity

question

Aphids are tiny plant-sucking insects that complete a life cycle in a few weeks. A population of aphids is likely to be... unlimited; able to increase exponentially without any kind of limitation. limited by unpredictable outside factors such as weather. self-limiting; limited by factors that become stronger as the population is more crowded.

answer

limited by unpredictable outside factors such as weather.

question

Montana Vital Statistics 2010 Report Variable Value in 2010 N (human population size) 989,415 Annual number of births 12,058 Annual number of deaths 8,803 Total land area 376,962 km 2 What was Montana's per capita birth rate for 2010?

answer

0.01. Per capita birth rate = births / N

question

Montana Vital Statistics 2010 Report Variable Value in 2010 N (human population size) 989,415 Annual number of births 12,058 Annual number of deaths 8,803 Total land area 376,962 km 2 Given the data above, what is the population density?

answer

2.6 people/km2. Population density = N / area

question

Based on past rates of birth and death you set up a logistic model of a dolphin population. This model predicts that there will be 10,020 dolphins next spring. How should you interpret this model's prediction? You can be sure there will be exactly 10,020 dolphins next spring because large-bodied animals like dolphins follow the logistic pattern of growth. There will probably be about 10,000 dolphins next spring, but many outside factors might cause the population to increase or decrease unexpectedly. The model is meaningless and does not include any of the factors that control dolphin populations.

answer

There will probably be about 10,000 dolphins next spring, but many outside factors might cause the population to increase or decrease unexpectedly.

question

Herbivores are animals that eat living plants. Therefore they are: tertiary consumers (level 4) primary consumers (level 2) detritivores producers (level 1) secondary consumers (level 3)

answer

primary consumers

question

Which of the following are involved in biogeochemical cycles? Living producers Living consumers Decomposers and detritivores Land, air, and water All of the above

answer

All

question

Turkey vultures soar high in the sky until they detect dead animals with their supremely sensitive noses. They then swoop down and eat the dead flesh. Which of the following terms accurately describe turkey vultures? Select all that apply. producers consumers detritivores decomposers

answer

Consumers and detrivores

question

Which of the following consumers should be most abundant and most able to obtain an adequate food supply from a small area of habitat? A tertiary consumer (level 4) such as a fox-eating eagle. A secondary consumer (level 3) such as a rabbit-eating fox. A primary consumer (level 2) such as a rabbit.

answer

A primary consumer (level 2) such as a rabbit.

question

A ____________ is a realistic diagram showing all of the known feeding relationships among the diverse members of an ecosystem energy pyramid biogeochemical cycle food chain food web

answer

food web

question

A food chain shows the following sequence: eagles eat wolves; wolves eat rabbits; rabbits eat grass; grass is fueled by sunlight. This food chain is probably... Simplistic and incomplete, showing only a few of many possible links among these and many other species in the ecosystem. True and complete, showing all the known feeding relationships in the ecosystem.

answer

Simplistic and incomplete, showing only a few of many possible links among these and many other species in the ecosystem.

question

What is the source of energy that supports the growth of most producers? Carbohydrates and lipids Sunlight Calories in food (organic matter) Heat

answer

sunlight

question

Which human activity reduces transpiration and can reduce rainfall in the affected region? damming rivers buring fossil fuels fertilizer use deforestation

answer

deforestation

question

Which of the following gives a realistic (possible) pathway for the flow of a bit of energy through an ecosystem? sun → grass → rabbit → fox → sun sun → grass → rabbit → fox → decomposer → heat sun → grass → rabbit → decomposer → grass sun → rabbit → fox → decomposer → heat

answer

sun → grass → rabbit → fox → decomposer → heat

question

Physical processes like evaporation and condensation are the main driving forces behind the _________ cycle. water nitrogen phosphorus carbon

answer

water

question

Which statement is true about Charles Darwin? He was the first to propose a hypothesis for the origin of life. He was the first to outline the modern theory of evolution. He was the first to ask questions about the origins of life. He was the first to publish the traditional belief of evolution.

answer

He was the first to outline the modern theory of evolution.

question

Which of the following ideas would fit within the theory of evolution as proposed by Charles Darwin and as accepted today? More than one option is correct; select only those options that qualify as modern scientific views of evolution. A) Fossils are traces or remains of organisms that existed in the past and reveal the history of life on Earth. B) The Earth is no more than 10,000 years old. C) The present is the key to the past; over time, the Earth has changed under the influence of slow natural processes that continue to operate today. D) All living species are related by descent from one or a few common ancestors. E) Species do not change or go extinct; each species is so complex and perfect that it must have been designed by an intelligent being.

answer

A, C, D

question

How does evolution occur? The genetic makeup of an individual changes in response to the environment. The genetic makeup of a population changes seasonally. All of these are true. The genetic makeup of a population changes over generations of time.

answer

The genetic makeup of a population changes over generations of time.

question

Which is not a component of the modern theory of biological evolution? All life forms are related by ancestry from one or a few single-celled common ancestors. Individuals gain experience during the developmental process that lead to evolution of the thought process. Changes in the genetic makeup of a population can occur over time. Natural selection explains life's adaptive features.

answer

Individuals gain experience during the developmental process that lead to evolution of the thought process.

question

Natural selection results in... All of these Environment stresses on a population Mutations in the genetic makeup of a population Increase in adaptive traits over time

answer

Increase in adaptive traits over time

question

Below are some examples of changes that occur in life. Which one is an example of biological evolution? A cell starts to express a different set of genes when it is exposed to high levels of testosterone. A young man's muscles increase in strength and bulk after he starts lifting weights. In New York City, the average wing length of pigeons decreases over a period of 150 years. Your taste in music changes dramatically between middle school and high school.

answer

In New York City, the average wing length of pigeons decreases over a period of 150 years.

question

Each year a gardener saves seeds from those tomato plants that produce the juiciest fruits. She uses these seeds to plant the next year's crop of 20 plants. Over time, the gardener develops her own special variety of very juicy tomatoes. This is best described as an example of... sexual selection natural selection mutation genetic drift artificial selection

answer

artificial selection

question

Which gene pool has changed through some process of microevolution? Your cells express different genes today than they did when you were born. A moth population increases from 3,000 individuals to 33,000 individuals over a period of favorable weather. A mouse population (about 10,000 mice total) starts with 99% of the mice tan and 1% white; after 20 years 70% are tan and 30% are white.

answer

A mouse population (about 10,000 mice total) starts with 99% of the mice tan and 1% white; after 20 years 70% are tan and 30% are white.

question

A population of pond snails has two genetically determined types: one with a black stripe on its shell and one with a plain brown shell. Evidence indicates that there is absolutely no difference between the two snail types in terms of their fitness: each type survives, grows, and mates with the same average level of success. Over time, black-striped snails become more or less common in a population due to chance events. At one point, for example, the pond nearly dries up and the few surviving snails happen to be mostly black-striped. This evolutionary change is the result of... genetic drift gene flow sexual selection mutation natural selection

answer

genetic drift

question

The sickle cell allele is more likely to have higher prevalence in populations where: Malaria is present Malaria is not present Antibiotics are available Antibiotics are not available

answer

Malaria is present

question

A storm uproots 60% of the trees in a population. This is an example of: Genetic drift Natural selection Gene pool Gene flow

answer

Genetic drift

question

Modern HIV therapy controls HIV infection through what strategy? A single very effective drug stops viral replication by targeting a key viral enzyme that is indispensable to the virus. Several different drugs are used that target different viral enzymes; if the virus evolves resistance to one drug, a different set of drugs is used. A single drug that stops viral replication is paired with another drug that prevents the virus from mutating so that it cannot evolve resistance.

answer

Several different drugs are used that target different viral enzymes; if the virus evolves resistance to one drug, a different set of drugs is used.

question

What sorts of effects do new mutations have on the individuals that inherit them? Mutations disrupt the normal development of an organism. They produce phenotypes that are bizarre and have a poor chance of survival. Mutations do not affect proteins or alter phenotypes; they only affect gene sequences (DNA). Mutations can have a wide range of effects on proteins and therefore phenotypes. They may have no effect, a negative effect, or a positive effect on survival, growth, mating success, etc.

answer

Mutations can have a wide range of effects on proteins and therefore phenotypes. They may have no effect, a negative effect, or a positive effect on survival, growth, mating success, etc.

question

______________ can occur only if there are two or more separate gene pools that are exchanging individuals (through migration) or genes. natural selection genetic drift gene flow mutation

answer

gene flow

question

Humans are the only primate species in which mammary glands (breasts) remain large and prominent throughout adulthood. Other primates' mammary glands swell only when they are nursing offspring; scientists are not sure why human females have noticeable breasts on a permanent basis. One hypothesis is that they increase a female's ability to attract mates. If so, this would be an example of a trait favored by... natural selection gene flow artificial selection genetic drift sexual selection

answer

sexual selection

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