Beaches and Coasts Short Answers – Flashcards
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Unlock answers| List three mechanisms by which rivers transport sediment (mechanisms, not sand, mud, wood etc.) |
a. SUSPENSION
b. BEDLOAD
c. DISSOLVED |
| Identify the coastal tectonic setting that has the fewest large river deltas. |
| COLLISION |
| Where does estuarine sediment ultimately come from?: |
a) RIVERS c) BLUFFS
b) BIOLOGICAL d) SEA BED/OFFSHORE |
| List three processes by which the ocean erodes bedrock: |
a. ABRASION
b. HYDRAULIC RIVING
c. DISSOLUTION |
| List three general options a homeowner on a rapidly eroding bluff has to save his or her house. |
a. RETREAT/RELOCATE
b. ARMOR
c. ACCOMODATE |
| Identify the geological term used to describe the rapid downslope movement of large masses of material. |
| LANDSLIDE |
| Three factors that influence the shape of a river delta are |
1) TIDES
2) WAVES
3) RIVER |
| Differential erosion refers to |
DIFFERENCE IN EROSION RATES BETWEEN ADJACENT ROCK TYPES
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| The upper delta begins where _______ begin to branch from the main stem of the river? |
| DISTRIBUTARIES |
| Identify three mechanisms by which deltas grow vertically (upbuild): |
a. flooding
b. meandering
c. peat formation |
| List two ways that people increase bluff erosion rates on their property. |
A. CLEARING VEGETATION B. ATERINT LAWNS/SEPTIC C. PATHS |
List three wind-related factors which control the height of waves in the deep ocean:
Which of these most controls the height of waves in Maine’s estuaries? |
1. wind speed 2. wind duration 3. wind fetch 4. wind fetch |
| List four sources (places) beach sand could come from? |
1. People 2. offshore 3. biological 4. rivers bluffs |
| List three extreme conditions that beach plants must adapt to for survival |
1. drought 2. lack nutrients 3. disturbance by waves, burial, storms |
| List three properties of dissapative beaches...what are the sorts of things that best characterize these beaches? |
1. gentle slope 2. fine sand 3. wide, accreting, no cusps |
| What are three reasons our society provides protection for salt marsh habitats (what are three reasons we think marshes are of value to us)? |
1. wildlife 2. filter contaminants
3. fish nurseries 4. storm barrier 5. export nutrients |
| List three reasons why tropical storms have historically caused relatively little damage to the Maine coast. |
1. cold water in Gulf of Maine kills storm
2. Storms track parallel to coast 3. large tidal range 4. track faster |
| List 4 options homeowners have regarding rising sea level: |
1. relocate
2. armor 3. accomodate 4. nothing |
a) Draw a graph that illustrates sea-level change for the past 14,000 years in Maine, Hudson Bay and in Florida. b) Label the vertical axis as elevation above and below modern sea level c) Label the horizontal axis as time in thousands of years before present.
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Name the parts of the flood and ebb tidals labeled on the photo below. Land is toward the bottom of the photo, sea is toward the top. 1. Flood Ramp 2. Flood Channel 3. Ebb Split 4. Ebb spit 5. Ebb Shield 6. Spill over lobe
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