question

Ohm's Law

answer

What is the most important law applicable to the study of electricity?

question

Voltage, Current & Resistance

answer

What are the elements of Ohm's Law?

question

Mechanical, chemical, photoelectric and thermal

answer

What are four sources of electrical power?

question

1. a source of electrical pressure 2. resistance 3. conductors

answer

What does an electrical circuit consist of?

question

a capacitor

answer

What represents capacitance in an AC circuit?

question

to store electricity

answer

What is the function of a capacitor?

question

Farad

answer

What is the unit of measure for capacitance?

question

When voltage is induced by magnetic flux

answer

What is inductance?

question

the coil

answer

What is an example of an inductor in a magneto?

question

total opposition for AC to flow

answer

What is impedance?

question

Ohms

answer

What is the unit of measurement for impedance?

question

a magnetic field; heats up

answer

What are two things that happen when current flows through a conductor?

question

gauge, length, temperature and material

answer

What are the four factors that affect the resistance of an electrical conductor?

question

watt

answer

What is the unit of measurement of power in a DC circuit?

question

1,000 watts

answer

What is a kilowatt?

question

increase in current

answer

In a DC circuit, what occurs when voltage is increased while resistance remains constant?

question

series, parallel, and complex

answer

What are the three types of DC electrical circuits?

question

12 cells. Each rated at 2 volts.

answer

A 24 volt lead-acid battery has how many cells?

question

Ampere-hours

answer

What are the units that battery capacity are measured in?

question

between 1,275 and 1,300

answer

What should be the specific gravity of the electrolyte in a fully charge lead acid battery?

question

a hydrometer

answer

What instrument is used to determine the specific gravity of electrolyte in a lead acid battery?

question

Specific gravity of the electrolyte in a nickel-cadmium battery does not change appreciably

answer

Why can a hydrometer NOT be used to determine the charge of a nickel-cadmium battery?

question

above 90F or below 70F

answer

When using a hydrometer to check the charge of a lead-acid battery, at what temperatures must a correction factor be applied to the reading?

question

transfer of electrical energy by means of a magnetic field

answer

What is the electromagnetic induction?

question

coated with special corrosion resistant paint

answer

How are battery compartments protected against corrosion?

question

3/8 inches above the plates

answer

What should be the correct electrolyte level in a properly serviced battery?

question

when two or more generators are operated at the same time; must be shared equality

answer

What are paralleling generators and how is the load distributed?

question

makes it impossible to manually hold the circuit closed

answer

Describe a no-trip circuit breaker (trip free).

question

has a low internal resistance, the current will increase, causing it to heat up

answer

Can you store Ni-cad and Lead-acid batteries together?

question

a hidden view line is medium width and made up of short dashes. represents and edge that cannot be seen center lines are thin and made up of alternating long and short dashes. used to indicate the center. alternate position lines are medium width and made up of one long and two short evenly spaced dashes. used to show the alternate position of apart.

answer

What type of lines are used on aircraft drawings to indicate hidden views, center lines, and alternate position lines?

question

It is a basic drawing that shows specific information and provides minimum detail needed to manufacture a part.

answer

What is a sketch for a repair?

question

A schematic

answer

What type of drawing is most helpful in troubleshooting a system?

question

the difference between the plus and minus allowable dimension.

answer

Define "tolerance" as used in aircraft drawings.

question

dimension given for the space.

answer

Define "clearance" as used in aircraft drawings.

question

distance from the datum.

answer

What is a fuselage station number?

question

number, name, scale, date, firm, draftsman, checker and approving official.

answer

What information is given in the title block of a blueprint?

question

lower right corner

answer

Where is the title block usually found on an aircraft drawing?

question

solid narrow lines, broken at midpoint. indicate the size.

answer

Why are the dimensions used, and how are they shown on the aircraft drawings?

question

revision letter

answer

How can a change to an aircraft drawing be identified?

question

list of materials and parts for fabrication or assembly.

answer

What is the "bill of materials" associated with aircraft blueprint?

question

shorthand used in drawings.

answer

Why are symbols used when drawing aircraft blueprints?

question

front, top and right side.

answer

How many views are required to determine the shape of an object?

question

imaginary vertical lines from all measurements are taken and to determine the relative location of items in the aircraft.

answer

What is the datum and its purpose when making weight and balance computations?

question

for safety and efficiency in flight.

answer

What is the purpose of weight and balance control?

question

moment is a force which tends to rotate the aircraft. multiplying the weight by the distance from the datum.

answer

When computing weight and balance, what is the 'movement' and how is it obtained?

question

the distance is located either from the datum.

answer

What is the 'arm' of an item and how is it obtained?

question

weight of extra equipment

answer

What is 'tare weight' and how is it handled when making weight and balance calculations?

question

fuel that should be used in weight and balance. reciprocating engine airplane certified under FAR Part 23. one half hour at maximum continuous power.

answer

What is meant by 'minimum fuel' and how is it calculated for weight and balance?

question

the fuel remaining after fuel exhaustion.

answer

What is meant by 'residual' fuel?

question

distance from the most forward to the most rearward.

answer

What is meant by the center of gravity range?

question

Re-weigh and calculate new weight and balance records.

answer

How would you determine the empty weight and empty weight C.G. of an aircraft if all weight and balance records are missing?

question

weight which placed in the aircraft to attain a desired C.G.

answer

What is ballast?

question

in a helicopter is much more critical than fixed-wing aircraft

answer

What is the difference between fixing wing and rotor wing(helicopter) aircraft C.G. ranges?

question

all operations equipment.

answer

When weighting an aircraft to determine the empty weight C.G., what must you do with regard to the fixed equipment which is normally carried in the aircraft?

question

when the empty weight C.G. falls within the empty weight C.G. range, it is unnecessary to perform a weight and balance check if standard loading and seating arrangements are used.

answer

Why do some manufactures specify an empty C.G. even though the aircraft is not operated at this empty weight?

question

some aircraft certified in multiple categories

answer

Why must the aircraft category be considered when computing weight and balance?

question

front of the center of lift.

answer

Where is the center of gravity located in relation to the aerodynamic center of lift for most airplanes?

question

No.

answer

Is there a federal regulation that requires the regular reweighing of private aircraft?

question

in the airplane flight manual or records.

answer

Where must a record of the most recent empty weight and center of gravity be kept?

question

Metal tubing or flexible house and fittings

answer

What are aircraft plumbing lines usually made of?

question

By outside diameter and wall thickness

answer

How is metal tubing sized?

question

below the electrical wiring a clearance of at least six inches. in no case should wiring be closer than one-half inch. both the wiring and the fluid lines are fastened to the aircraft structure will maintain the separation.

answer

What precautions should be taken when routing fluid lines adjacent to electrical wiring?

question

indicates if the hose has twisted during installation.

answer

What is the purpose of the identification stripe running along the length of a flexible hose?

question

AN colored either blue or black. AC gray or yellow. AN 37 degree flare cone. AC 35 degree flare cone.

answer

How are standard AN type and AC type fluid line fittings identified?

question

quickly disconnecting without a loss of fluid or air entering the system.

answer

What is the purpose of using quick disconnect couplings in fluid systems?

question

by the inside diameter

answer

How is flexible hose sized?

question

five to eight percent of the total hose length

answer

How much slack must be left in a flexible hose during installation?

question

two times the recommended operating pressure of the hose.

answer

What pressure is used to proof-test a flexible hose assembly?

question

body, sleeve and nut.

answer

What are the three parts of a Military Standard tube fitting?

question

compression sleeve's cutting edge will cut into the tube.

answer

What will be the result of over tightening a flareless tube fitting?

question

single and double.

answer

What are the two kinds of flares used in aircraft plumbing systems?

question

better resistance to chemicals and a higher strength properties at higher temperatures.

answer

What is the advantage of flexible Teflon hose over rubber hose?

question

the tubing is not crack or the wall thickness is not reduced by the deburring.

answer

What precaution should be taken when deburring and inspecting the flared end of a tube?

question

dye penetrant.

answer

What is a suitable nondestructive testing method for detecting surface cracks on aluminum castings and forgings?

question

1. clean 2. apply the penetrant 3. remove the penetrant 4. dry the part 5. apply the developer 6. inspect

answer

List the steps in a dye-penetrant inspection.

question

clean, magnetize, apply. if a discontinuity is present, magnetized particles will form a pattern.

answer

Describe the procedure for performing a magnetic particle inspection.

question

do not use at joints which are subject to rotation.

answer

What is the general rule for using self-locking nuts?

question

extra flexible 7x19 cable.

answer

What type of cable is used in primary control systems?

question

equal the total thickness of the materials being joined.

answer

How can the correct 'grip length' of a bolt be determined?

question

close tolerance bolt.

answer

What does the triangle mean on the head of a steel bolt?

question

AN-173 through AN-186; NAS-80 through NAS-86

answer

What numbers are used for close tolerance bolts?

question

threaded body that is riveted. allows a screw bolt to be installed without needing to hold the nut with a wrench.

answer

Describe a rivnut.

question

low carbon steel and stainless steel.

answer

What are common materials for cotter pins to be made from?

question

no cable smaller than one-eighth inch in diameter

answer

What is the smallest cable that can be used in primary control systems?

question

25 to 50 percent of the thickness of a base material

answer

What should be the depth of penetration when making a fillet weld?

question

3 to 5 times the thickness of the base metal; 100 percent penetration

answer

What should be the width of the weld bead and depth of penetration when making a butt weld?

question

code markings on the bolt heads. diameter is measured in 16th of an inch and length is measured in 8th of an inch increments.

answer

What system is used to identify AN type aircraft bolts?

question

heated, heat soaked, then quenched

answer

What are the steps for solution heat treating aluminum alloys?

question

stored in a refrigerator at a temperature lower than 32F

answer

What is done to prevent certain aluminum alloy rivets (D and DD) from becoming hard after heat treating and quenching?

question

alloy

answer

What do rivet head markings indicate?

question

remove internal stress of the metal.

answer

Why should steel be normalized after welding or machining?

question

carburizing and nitriding

answer

What are two methods of case hardening?

question

improper penetration & cold laps caused by insufficient heat. appears rough, irregular and edges are not feathered into the metal base.

answer

What are the characteristics of a cold weld?

question

outside micrometer or caliper.

answer

What tools are used to measure the outside dimensions of shafts, thickness of sheet metal stock, diameter of drills, and for many other similar applications?

question

a magnifying glass.

answer

What should be used to make a visual inspection of a weld?

question

eddy current, dye penetrant, x-ray, coin tap and visual inspection

answer

Name some types of non-destructive testing used on non-ferrous materials.

question

continue cranking and start the engine fire continues to burn, discontinue starting and the fireguard should extinguish the fire using a CO2 fire extinguisher.

answer

What is the procedure for extinguishing an induction system fire that occurs during starting of a reciprocating aircraft engine?

question

to detect hydraulic lock.

answer

What is the purpose of pulling a propeller through by hand for two or three revolutions prior to starting a radial or inverted engine?

question

the force can bend or break a connecting rod or permanently damage the cylinder.

answer

What damage is most likely to occur if excessive force is exerted on the crankshaft when there is liquid lock?

question

for fuel filler openings, the word 'fuel' and the minimum fuel grade or designation for the engine. oil filler openings require the word 'oil' to be marked at or near the filler cap.

answer

What information must be located on or near fuel filler openings and oil filler openings?

question

eliminate the buildup of static electricity.

answer

Why must aircraft and fuel trucks be grounded together with a grounding cable?

question

for fuels below grade 100, octane numbers are used. for fuels above grade 100. the numbers represent the performance rating of the fuel compared to 100 percent iso-octane.

answer

Describe the system used to designate performance rating of aviation gasoline.

question

loss of engine power, efficiency and possible detonation.

answer

What would be the result of operating an aircraft reciprocating engine using a lower grade of avgas than that specified for the engine?

question

blue

answer

What color is Low lead 100 dyed?

question

to lubricate and reduce detonation.

answer

What are the functions of tetraethyl lead in avgas?

question

if radio communication is not possible, the light signals may be used.

answer

Why should an aviation mechanic know the meaning of the standard light signals which are used by control tower operations?

question

bowline.

answer

What knot is typically used when securing and airplane with a rope?

question

AIM

answer

Which publication lists the standard FAA hand signals a taxi signalman should use?

question

the lead in the gasoline will form deposits on the turbine blades and vanes.

answer

What is the result of mixing aviation gasoline with jet fuel in a turbine engine?

question

will result in complete engine failure.

answer

What may result if aviation gasoline that is contaminated with jet fuel is used in a reciprocating engine?

question

tractor brakes and the aircraft brakes should both be used.

answer

When towing a large aircraft with a tow tractor, what brakes should be used to stop the aircraft?

question

surface, dissimilar, intergranular, stress and fretting

answer

What are the five common forms of corrosion?

question

it occurs when two mating surfaces are subject to slight relative motion.

answer

What is the cause of fretting corrosion?

question

along the grain boundaries of extruded materials.

answer

Where is intergranular corrosion most likely to occur?

question

atmospheric conditions, size and shape of the metal, type of metal and corrosion-producing agents present.

answer

What are the factors which affect the type (form) of corrosion?

question

abrasive papers and compounds, small power buffers and buffing compounds, wire brushing and steel wool

answer

What methods are used for removing rust from aircraft materials?

question

cleaning, periodic lubrication, detailed inspection, prompt treatment, touch up of damaged paint, sealing, use of protective covers and daily wipe-down.

answer

What specific operations are part of corrosion-preventable maintenance?

question

clean and strip, remove as much corrosion as possible, neutralize any residual material remaining in pits and crevices, restore protective surface films and paint.

answer

Name the steps for corrosion removal.

question

fiber bristle brushes, aluminum wool and aluminum wire brushes

answer

What tools are approved for cleaning corroded anodized surfaces?

question

an oxide coating or aluminum cladding.

answer

What is used to keep corrosion from forming on aluminum alloy?

question

alodine.

answer

What can be used to repair the anodized surface of an aluminum alloy part?

question

fine spray of kerosene or solvent.

answer

What products should be used to clean an aircraft engine?

question

soap and water.

answer

What is the preferred cleaning agent for plastic and rubber surfaces?

question

battery compartments, bilge areas, wheel wells and landing gear, flap recesses, lavatory, galley and other areas where water might be entrapped.

answer

Name 5 areas of an aircraft that are more prone to corrosion.

question

baking soda and water.

answer

What is used to neutralize a lead-acid battery electrolyte?

question

wet wash to remove oil, grease, carbon deposits and soils with the exception of corrosion and oxide films. dry wash to remove film, dust, and small accumulations of dirt.

answer

What is the difference between 'wet wash' and 'dry wash' aircraft cleaning?

question

light duty are soap and synthetic detergents.

answer

What types of light duty and heavy duty aircraft cleaning agents?

question

wet the surface before cleaning to prevent scratching.

answer

What would you do before cleaning a wind screen?

question

appears to look like thread or worm like puffiness. occurs between the metal's surface and the protective coating.

answer

What does filiform corrosion look like and where can it be found?

question

Hot linseed oil can be poured into the hole, then the excess is drained.

answer

How is the inside of structural tubing prevented from corroding?

question

A=Length x Width

answer

What is the formula for the area of a rectangle?

question

3.1416

answer

What is Pi?

question

C=piD

answer

What is the formula for the circumference to the diameter of any circle?

question

A= piR2

answer

What is the formula for the area of a circle?

question

V= L x W x H

answer

What is the formula used for finding the volume of a rectangle?

question

base number that when multiplied by itself one or more times will produce the given number.

answer

What is the root of a number?

question

4,9,16,64,100,144,etc

answer

Give examples of perfect square numbers.

question

move the decimal two places to the right and add the percent sign.

answer

How do you express a decimal as a percent?

question

ten to the sixth power

answer

Using the powers of ten, how may 1,000,000 be expressed?

question

representing very large or small numbers using powers of 10.

answer

What is scientific notation?

question

subtract the smaller number from the larger number and use the sign of the larger number in the answer.

answer

What is the sum of a large negative number and a small positive number?

question

ratio 5 to 7 may be written as 5/7 or 5:7.

answer

How is a ratio expressed?

question

multiply the first fractions numeration and denominator by the denomination and numerator or the second fraction.

answer

How do you divide one fraction by another?

question

right angle is 90; obtuse angle is greater than 90; acute angle is less than 90

answer

What is a right angle, obtuse angle and acute angle?

question

one quarter of a circle.

answer

What is a quadrant?

question

a shape that is made up of three or more sides.

answer

What is a polygon?

question

weight off wheels.

answer

What is the definition of 'time in service' with respect to maintenance time records?

question

an entry made in the maintenance records showing type and date, time in service in accordance with 100 Hour Inspection requirements & determined to be in airworthy condition & signature and certificate number FAR 43.11 A 1-4

answer

What are the record requirements after compliance with a 100 Hour Inspection?

question

show the specific number assigned to the AD, date of compliance, method of compliance, time in service, signature and certificate number of the person who complied with AD.

answer

What are the record requirements after compliance with an Airworthiness Directive (AD)?

question

in the correct logbook and on the FAA Form 337.

answer

Where should the description of a major repair or major alteration be recorded?

question

One copy to aircraft owner & one copy is sent to the FAA Flilght Standards District Office in Oklahoma City, OK.

answer

What is the disposition of the two FAA Form 337s after they are completed?

question

The appropriately rated and certificated mechanic that performed the work.

answer

Who is required to make the entry in the aircraft records after a 100 Hour Inspection has been performed?

question

until the work is repeated or superseded or for one year after.

answer

How long must the record of a 100 Hour Inspection be retained by the owner or operator?

question

FAR 43.11

answer

Where can a mechanic find an example of a 100 Hour Inspection maintenance record entry?

question

transferred to the purchaser.

answer

When an aircraft is sold, what is done with the aircraft records containing the current status of Airworthiness Directives?

question

The entry must name the kind of inspection. signed and dated list of defects found FAR 43.11 a-5

answer

What type of maintenance record entry is required when an inspection under FAR 91.417 is made to a large airplane or a turbine engine-powered multiengine airplane and defects are found?

question

the manufacturer or agency must enter into records a signed statement of the date, each change made as required by Airworthiness Directives, and each change made in compliance with the manufacturer's service bulletins.

answer

What are the required entries in a new maintenance record for an engine that has been rebuilt and granted zero time by the manufacturer or by an agency approved by the manufacturer?

question

Airworthiness Directives that pertain to a particular aircraft.

answer

What is an AD summary?

question

issued bi-weekly

answer

What are AD frequencies?

question

inspection authorization

answer

Who is authorized to perform an annual inspection?

question

only a certified A&P mechanic can perform

answer

Can a certified A&P mechanic supervise an unlicensed person perform a 100 Hour Inspection?

question

allows an annual/100 hour inspection to be segmented into various scheduled inspections.

answer

What is meant by a progressive inspection?

question

only the manufacture

answer

Who is authorized to rebuild and grant an aircraft engine zero time in the maintenance records?

question

a maintenance record protocol

answer

What is ATA 100?

question

anything that occupies space and has weight

answer

What is matter?

question

solid, liquid and gas

answer

What are the three different states of matter?

question

liquids and gasses

answer

What are two types of fluids?

question

29.92 inches of Hg

answer

What is the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level?

question

temperature inversion

answer

What is the name of the atmospheric phenomenon where cool air is trapped near the earth by warm air?

question

662 knots or 761 mph

answer

What is the speed of sound through the air under standard sea level conditions?

question

mass of a given volume of air

answer

What is meant by the density of air?

question

temperature and pressure acting on it.

answer

What determines the density of the air?

question

ratio of a substance's density to the density of pure water.

answer

What does specific gravity mean?

question

fulcrum, force of effort and resistance.

answer

What are the three basic parts of a lever?

question

when the fulcrum is located between the effort and the resistance. first class lever is a seesaw.

answer

What is a first class lever, and give an example?

question

force is transmitted equally in all directions because it cannot be compressed.

answer

In what direction is force transmitted to a confined liquid?

question

F= P x A

answer

What is the formula for computing force, pressure, and area?

question

energy in an object created from its movement.

answer

What is kinetic energy?

question

-273C

answer

What is absolute zero?

question

force and movement through a measurable distance.

answer

What are the two factors involved in work?

question

it is expressed in pounds per square inch.

answer

How is pressure expressed in hydraulics and pneumatics?

question

conduction, convection and radiation.

answer

What are the three methods of heat transfer?

question

gravity, thrust, lift and drag.

answer

What are the four forces experienced by an aircraft in flight?

question

blades spin without engine power.

answer

What is an autorotation?

question

used to notify owners and mechanics of conditions that prevent an aircraft, engine, propeller, or appliance from being in airworthy condition.

answer

What is the purpose of Airworthiness Directives?

question

Airworthiness Directives

answer

What FAA publication is used to notify aircraft owners of unsafe conditions?

question

AD will include the time period

answer

When must an Airworthiness Directive be complied with?

question

Aircraft Specifications or Type Certificate Data Sheet for that Aircraft.

answer

Where can you find a list of approved engines for use in a specific model aircraft?

question

in the overhaul manual

answer

Where can the dimensional tolerances be located for a wrist pin installed in an aircraft engine?

question

weight and balance logs

answer

Where can the empty weight of an airplane be located?

question

FAR Part 23

answer

Where can you find Airworthiness Standards for normal, utility, and acrobatic category airplanes?

question

FAR Part 25

answer

Where can you find Airworthiness STandards for transport category airplanes?

question

FAR Part 21

answer

What federal regulation defines the requirements for the issue of Type Certificates?

question

Aircraft Specifications or Type Certificate Data Sheet

answer

Where would you look to find out if a specific airplane can be certified in more than one category?

question

Service Bulletins

answer

What publication is issued by airframe, engine, and component manufactures to notify aircraft owners of design defects?

question

Aircraft Maintenance Manual

answer

What publication contains complete instructions for maintenance of all systems and components installed in an aircraft?

question

they are publications containing non-regulatory material of interest to the aviation public

answer

What are FAA Advisory Circulars?

question

when they are referenced within the Airworthiness Directive

answer

When are Service Bulletins considered mandatory?

question

Mandatory

answer

Are statements included in the Federal Aviation Regulations mandatory or optional to be complied with?

question

When installing extended range fuel tanks in the baggage or passenger compartment. one is given to the owner, one is sent to the FAA within 48 hours, and one is placed on board the aircraft.

answer

When would you complete the FAA Form 337 in triplicate? (When would you have to complete three 337s)?

question

the MEL permits aircraft to be flown with inoperable non-essential equipment long enough for repairs to be made.

answer

What is the purpose of a minimum equipment list (MEL)?

question

FAR Part 65

answer

Which Federal Regulation prescribes the certificate requirements for a mechanic?

question

18

answer

What is the minimum age of an A&P mechanic certificate?

question

Airframe and Powerplant

answer

What are the two ratings that can be issued to a mechanic certificate?

question

may not calibrate or make repairs or alterations to aircraft instruments.

answer

What are the limitations of a certified mechanic in regards to aircraft instruments?

question

may make minor repairs and alterations, but may not make Major repairs or Major alterations to propellers.

answer

What are the privileges and limitations of a certified mechanic in regard to propellers?

question

must notify the Administrator of the FAA

answer

When a mechanic has a permanent change of address, what must be done within 3 days after the change?

question

Surrendered, Suspended or Revoked.

answer

What is the duration of a certified mechanic?

question

for a period of 120 days.

answer

How long is a temporary mechanic certificate in effect?

question

FAR Part 43, Appendix A

answer

What is used as a guide to determine if a repair is a major or minor repair?

question

preceding 24 months he has, served as mechanic, supervised other mechanics, supervised in technical capacity.

answer

What are the requirements of recent experience for a mechanic?

question

FAR Part 43, Appendix D

answer

What may be used as a guide for 100 hour inspections?

question

a certified A&P mechanic may perform a 100 hour inspection and return an aircraft to service. inspection authorization may perform an annual inspection and return an aircraft to service.

answer

What are the privileges of a certified mechanic in regard to performing a 100 hour inspection and returning an aircraft to service? An annual inspection?

question

an A&P may supervise a non-certificated mechanic. an A&P may not supervise a 100 hour inspection.

answer

Can an A&P supervise people without the A&P certificate perform maintenance and 100 hour inspections?

question

the owner or operator

answer

Who has final responsibility for maintaining aircraft maintenance records?

question

Yes, under the supervision of a powerplant mechanic.

answer

May an airframe mechanic perform maintenance on engine?

question

spruce.

answer

What species of wood is used as a standard for strength properties of other species of wood used in aircraft structures?

question

yes.

answer

Is northern white pine an acceptable substitute for spruce?

question

Aircraft quality.

answer

What type of wood quality must be used in the repair of aircraft structures?

question

both two or more layers of wood which have been glued together. laminated has grain of all layers about parallel. plywood grain runs 90 with adjacent ply.

answer

What is the difference between laminated wood and plywood?

question

casin and synthetic resin.

answer

What are two types of glue used for aircraft wood structure repair?

question

soak in hot water then place in a form until completely dry.

answer

What method is used to prepare plywood for bending?

question

thick glue lines which indicate a weak joint.

answer

What are the results of using insufficient gluing pressures when making a wood joint?

question

125 to 150 psi

answer

What is the recommended clamping pressure for a glued joint?

question

will vary depending on the temperature of the curing room. 70F and up. recommended remain under pressure at 85F for a period of at least seven hours.

answer

How long should a wood glue joint be kept under pressure before removing the clamps?

question

brads, nails, screws, camps, or hydraulic and electric power presses.

answer

What are some of the various methods used to apply pressure to joints in aircraft gluing operations?

question

an inaccurate bevel will reduce the amount of effective glue area.

answer

Why does the strength of a scarf joint depend upon the accuracy of the two beveled surfaces?

question

will clog the pores of the wood, preventing proper penetration of glue.

answer

Why is sanding unacceptable when preparing a joint for splicing?

question

a properly prepared and inserted scarf patch is the best repair for plywood, and is preferred for most skin repairs. it differs from a splayed patch in that the edges are scarfed to a 12 to 1 slope instead of a 5 to 1 slope, and it uses reinforcements under the patch where the glue joints occur.

answer

What type of patch is preferred for repair of stressed plywood skin and why?

question

Yes

answer

Are mineral streaks acceptable in aircraft wood?

question

by sticking the wood with a sharp pointed object and prying the decay.

answer

How do you check for decay in wood?

question

use a moisture meter. (W1-W2)/W2 X 100 = percent moisture content

answer

How can the moisture content of wood be determined?

question

under wing attachment fittings, landing gear fittings, engine mount fittings or life-and-interplane strut fittings

answer

What area of the wood spar may not be spliced?

question

a scarf joint.

answer

What type of joint is generally used in splicing structural members in aircraft?

question

characterized by high specific gravity and has appearance of growth of summer wood. defect is difficult to recognize and is very detrimental to strength.

answer

What is compression wood and why is it not acceptable for aircraft structures?

question

solid, ply and laminate

answer

What are three forms of wood?

question

plywood and laminated woods

answer

What are two forms of wood that are acceptable for the repair of wooden aircraft skin?

question

two

answer

What would be the greatest amount of splices placed into one spar?

question

1 inch

answer

What is the largest hole diameter that can be repaired in a plywood wing spar when using a fabric patch?

question

determined by the pounds per square foot of wing loading (PSF), and the never-exceed airspeed of the aircraft (VNE)

answer

What determines the required quality and strength of fabric that is to be used for covering aircraft?

question

over the ribs, longerons, and stringers. recommended for all areas in the slipstream.

answer

When are anti-tear strips recommended and where are they used?

question

30 percent from its original required tensile strength

answer

What is the maximum permissible deterioration of aircraft fabric before it is considered unairworthy?

question

high grade aircraft textile material

answer

What should be the strength of the fabric used for re-covering an aircraft?

question

allow the condensed moisture to leave the aircraft as well as furnish ventilation.

answer

What is the purpose and location of drain grommets in aircraft fabric?

question

mounted on fabric patches and then doped to the covering. both are installed with a second coat of doped and drain holes are opened by cutting out the fabric in the center.

answer

How are drain grommets installed in aircraft fabric?

question

blanket and envelop

answer

Name the methods of applying fabric to an aircraft wing.

question

used over all stitching and prevents the stitching cord from tearing through the fabric.

answer

What is the purpose of reinforcing tape?

question

fiberglass.

answer

What type of fabric is not affected by moisture or mildew?

question

a fabric punch test (Maul Test)

answer

What methods are used to check the strength of doped fabric?

question

plain overlap, folded-fell, and french-fell

answer

What type of machine-sewed seems are used in aircraft covering?

question

treat all parts with a protective coating such as aluminum foil, dope or cellulose tape

answer

What should be done with structure that will come in contact with doped fabric?

question

AC 43.13-1B

answer

If the original rib stitch spacing cannot be determined when re-covering an aircraft, where can you find the rib stitch spacing that should be used?

question

modified seine knot

answer

What is the standard tie-off knot used during rib stitching?

question

selvage edge

answer

What do you call the edge of cloth, tape or webbing that has been woven to prevent raveling?

question

organic- cotton and linen. synthetic- fiber glass and nylong or Dacron.

answer

The type fo fabric used for covering aircraft are organic and synthetic. Name two organic and two synthetic types.

question

sewed seams, lapped edges, and all stitching is covered with surface tape

answer

When covering aircraft, where is surface tape used?

question

saves labor

answer

Name the advantages of using the envelope method to cover fabric aircraft.

question

wetting and allowing it to dry.

answer

How are wrinkles removed from cotton fabric?

question

after the second clot of dope is dry and the nap has been sanded away.

answer

When is finishing tape applied?

question

three inches

answer

How wide should surface tape be when used to cover the trailing edge of an aircraft wing?

question

a doped on patch

answer

What is the recommended type of repair for an L-shaped tear when the legs are more than 14 inches long?

question

room should be well lighted and ventilated. flammable material should be stored in fireproof containers. rooms in separate building should be isolated from rest of building.

answer

Name the safety and health precautions to be observed in operating a dope room, including storage of material.

question

epoxy

answer

What primer is used when maximum protection of the metal is desired?

question

apply a coat of engine oil to small area. nitrocellulose will soften but acrylic and epoxy will show no effects. next wipe down a small area with MEK. will pick up pigment from an acrylic finish, but will not affect an epoxy coating.

answer

What type of test can be performed to identify existing paint finishes?

question

under humid conditions possible. rapid evaporation of thinners and solvents lower the temperature of the surface of the wet dope causing condensation of moisture from the air. the moisture causes a milky white or cloudy appearance known as blush. may be eliminated by heating the room to decrease humidity, or by using a blush-retarding thinner to increase the drying time.

answer

What causes blushing when applying dope or lacquer, and how can it be prevented?

question

to prevent micro-biological deterioration.

answer

What is the purpose fo using fungicidal dope when finishing aircraft fabric?

question

Roman capitol letter 'N' followed by registration number displayed on both sides of the fuselage or on both sides of the vertical tail surfaces. height must be at least 12 inches and 2/3 as wide as they are high. exceptions include '1' which must be 1/6 as wide as it is high, and the letters 'M' and 'W' which may be as wide as they are high. characters must be formed by solid lines 1/6 as thick as they are high, and the spacing between each character may not be less than 1/4 of the character width.

answer

What are the identification marking requirements for United States registered fixed wing aircraft?

question

markings should contrast their background

answer

What should the color of registration markings be?

question

nitrate and butyrate

answer

What are two types of dope used for aircraft finishes?

question

less flammable

answer

What is the advantage of butyrate over nitrate?

question

lift and remove such material.

answer

What would happen if dope was ever used over paint or enamel?

question

zinc chromate

answer

What is applied to metallic surfaces as a common resistant covering before the application of enamel or lacquer?

question

primer is completely cured

answer

What can be done to the surface of components to prevent filform corrosion?

question

dipping, brushing or spraying

answer

What are the most common methods of applying aircraft finishes?

question

epoxy topcoats will adhere to all paint systems that are in good condition and may be used as a general touchup, including touchup of defects in baked enamel coatings

answer

What type of paint may be used over any paitn system that is in good condition?

question

Holding the gun too long in one place or holding the gun too close

answer

What is normally the cause of runs and sags in a spray application of a paint finish?

question

Incorrect spray gun setting, incorrect air pressure, incorrect paint viscosity, and holding the gun to far from the work

answer

What causes an 'orange peel' or 'pebble' finish?

question

surface contamination

answer

What causes fisheyes in paint?

question

toluene

answer

What is used to thin chromate primer?

question

FAR Part 45

answer

Which federal regulation prescribes the size and location requirements for aircraft identification numbers?

question

synthetic rubber surfaces, aircraft tires, fabric, and acrylics

answer

What type of materials should be thoroughly protected when using paint remover?

question

instructions are included in the STC.

answer

What instructions should be followed when covering an aircraft with materials specified in an STC?

question

combined thickness of the materials to be joined

answer

What is the grip length of a rivet?

question

where access to both sides of the riveted structure is impossible or will not permit the use of a bucking bar

answer

Where are special rivets, such as Huck or Cherry lock rivets used?

question

laminar construction consisting of a combination of alternating dissimilar materials

answer

What is bonded honeycomb (sandwich) construction?

question

honeycomb construction may employ stainless steel, titanium, magnesium, plywood, resin-impregnated paper, E-glass, nylon or cotton cloth in various combinations

answer

What type of materials are used in honeycomb construction?

question

bulkheads, control surfaces, fuselage panels, wing panels, radomes, empennage skins or shear webs

answer

Where are sandwich construction assemblies used?

question

should be backed with wood and the feed slowed as the drill point breaks through the underside of the sheet. should be modified to a 60 tip angle, the cutting edge to a zero rake angle, and the back lip clearance angle increased to 12-15 degrees

answer

What procedures should be used to prevent damage to the hole when drilling through Plexiglas?

question

bend allowance and setback must be determined. set back depends on two factors: (1) radius (2) thickness. bend allowance depends on four factors: (1) the degree of bend, (2) the radius of the bend, (3) the thickness of the metal, and (4) the type of metal used. Amount of material required for the bend must be determined to assure the final dimensions

answer

What calculations must be made when bending sheet metal?

question

setback= radius + thickness

answer

What factors are used to determine setback?

question

perpendicular to the bend

answer

When bending sheet metal, how should the grain be in relation to the bend?

question

the line at which the metal starts to bend.

answer

What is a bend tangent line?

question

a joggle is an offset near the edge of a piece of sheet metal

answer

What is a joggle?

question

folding, bumping, crimping, shrinking and stretching

answer

What are several methods used in forming sheet metal?

question

compound curves

answer

What kind of metal forming is done by bumping?

question

hairline cracks in the surface of plastic

answer

What is crazing and how does it occur?

question

aluminum alloys are placed in a electrolytic bath which causes a thin film of hydroxide to form on the surface of the aluminum. provides excellent resistance to corrosion, is an excellent bond for paint

answer

Briefly describe the anodizing process and what purpose it serves.

question

1 and 1/2 time the diameter in width and 1/2 times the diameter in height after bucking

answer

What are the proper dimensions for the shop head of a rivet?

question

crazing and discoloration

answer

When inspecting Plexiglas, what should you look for?

question

moisture

answer

What causes honeycomb structure to delaminate?

question

one is the potted repair method. other is the laminated glass fabric cloth overlay.

answer

What are the acceptable repair methods for bonded honeycomb structure that has been damaged?

question

for a 3/32 rivet, a number 40. for a 4/32 rivet, a number 30. for a 5/32 rivet, a number 21.

answer

What size drill should be used for the common shank rivet diameters of 3/32 inch, 4/32 inch, and 5/32 inch?

question

potting compound

answer

What is used for hole filling in a bonded honeycomb repair?

question

lightning holes are cut into rib sections, fuselage frames, and other structural parts to decrease weight

answer

What is a lightning hole?

question

retain its strength and electrical transparency

answer

What special precautions should be observed when repairing a radome?

question

a highlighted strand in the fabric

answer

What is a warp line?

question

length of time a resin will remain workable

answer

What does 'pot-life' mean?

question

only butts welds

answer

What type of weld joint must be used to weld magnesium?

question

will result in severe corrosion.

answer

Why must all flux be removed from the metal after welding magnesium?

question

must be shielded with an inert gas such a Helium or Argon

answer

What must be done in order to successfully weld titanium?

question

to prevent the atmosphere from contaminating the weld

answer

What is gas shielded arc welding?

question

It results in a stronger, more ductile, and more corrosion resistant weld.

answer

What are the advantages of gas-shielded arc welding?

question

helium and argon

answer

What shielding gasses are used for gas tungsten arc (TIG) welding?

question

it causes less buckling and warping of the welded material

answer

What is an advantage of electric arc welding over gas welding?

question

orifice size or diameter

answer

What determines the amount of heat that will be applied to the work when welding by the oxy-acetylene method?

question

when the torch is adjusted so the flame makes no noise and doesn't push the weld puddle

answer

What is meant by a soft flame?

question

acetylene

answer

When gas welding, what should be turned off first?

question

if the torch tip is too large burn metal. if too small heat may be insufficient to produce penetration

answer

What will be the result of using a torch tip that is too large or too small?

question

governed by the thickness of the metals being joined.

answer

How do you determine the correct size filler rod to be used in welding?

question

cleans

answer

What is the function of flux when used in soldering?

question

cause severe corrosion

answer

Why must acid-core solder never be used on electrical wins?

question

is a metal joining process which is a non-ferrous metal with a melting point lower than that of the metals being used.

answer

What is brazing?

question

tack welding at intervals

answer

What is one method of controlling expansion when welding a joint?

question

avoid blowing holes in the metal

answer

Why is it especially desirable to use a soft flame when welding aluminum?

question

oxygen and hydrogen

answer

What fuel is used for gas welding aluminum?

question

to remove the aluminum oxide by chemically combining with it

answer

What is the purpose of using flux when welding aluminum?

question

15 psi

answer

What is the maximum safe pressure for acetylene gas when welding?

question

weld a patch over the dented area and surrounding tubes

answer

How can dents at a steel tube cluster joint be repaired?

question

neutral

answer

What type of flame should be used when silver soldering?

question

the tank should be washed with hot water and detergent, then steamed for minimum of thirty minutes. fill the tank with CO2 gas and seal the tank except for a vent hole.

answer

What are the procedures for preparing a metal fuel tank for welding?

question

the inner sleeve can be chilled and the outer sleeve can be heated

answer

When splicing tubing by the inner sleeve method, what method can be used to insert a tight fitting inner sleeve into the replacement tube?

question

it cleans

answer

Why is flux used on silver solder?

question

cable, push-pull tube and torque tube systems

answer

What are three types of commonly used flight control systems?

question

cable tension regulators

answer

What is used in large metal aircraft to keep control cable tension within acceptable limits?

question

cable guide

answer

What is a fairlead?

question

3

answer

How much is cable deflection is acceptable due to a fairlead?

question

where cables pass over pulleys and through fairleads

answer

Where does failure of control cables occur most frequently?

question

elevators, allerons and rudder

answer

Which flight control surfaces are considered the primary group?

question

trim tabs, spring tabs, wing flaps, servo tabs and anti-servo tabs

answer

Which flight controls are considered the secondary group?

question

flaps, speed brakes, spoilers, slats, leading edge flaps, and slots

answer

Which flight controls are in the auxiliary group?

question

speed of the aircraft to be decreased without decreasing the lift. permits a steeper glided angle and lower speed to be obtained.

answer

How do wing flaps affect landing speed and approach angle of an aircraft?

question

it is an auxiliary control when the primary control surface is moved the tab moves in the opposite direction.

answer

What is a balance tab?

question

an auxiliary control attached to the trailing edge of the primary control surface

answer

What is a trim tab?

question

change the pitch of the main rotor

answer

What is the purpose of the collective pitch control in a helicopter?

question

to reduce vertical vibrations

answer

Why is it important for the blades of a helicopter rotor system to be tracked?

question

use of a balance analyzer computer

answer

What is the most efficient way to check a helicopter rotor for dynamic balance?

question

tail rotor

answer

What unit on a helicopter is used to compensate for torque created by the main rotor?

question

anti-torque pedals

answer

What control operates the helicopter tail rotor?

question

longitudinal, lateral, and vertical

answer

What are the three axes of an aircraft, and which control surfaces cause the aircraft to move about each axis?

question

top when a bolt is installed vertically and forward when it is installed horizontally

answer

When installing an aircraft bolt, what precaution would you take regarding teh position of the bolt?

question

leading edge of the vertical stabilizer offset to the longitudinal center line

answer

How is the propeller torque corrected for during assembly and rigging in some single engine aircraft?

question

Aircraft Specifications or Type Certificate Data Sheets and Maintenance Manual

answer

What reference publications should be used to rig aircraft, including the control system?

question

small, low-aspect-ratio airfoils mounted on the upper surface of wings

answer

What are vortex generators?

question

moves opposite the direction of the control surface producing an aerodynamic force that moves the primary.

answer

What is a tab?

question

size of the cable and outside temperature

answer

What factors are used to determine the proper cable tension?

question

maintenance manual

answer

Where can you find instructions for jacking one wheel of an aircraft to change a tire?

question

an out of balance control surface can cause severe flutter.

answer

Why do control surfaces be statically balanced?

question

open all necessary inspection plates, access doors, fairings and cowlings. then clean the aircraft and the engine.

answer

What needs to be done to prepare an aircraft for an annual or 100 hour inspection?

question

no difference between the annual and the 100 hour inspection

answer

What is the difference between an annual and 100 hour inspection?

question

an appropriately rated mechanic

answer

Who has the authority to sign off and return to service a 100 hour inspection?

question

carry persons for hire to give flight instruction for hire

answer

What are the operating conditions which make the 100 hour inspection mandatory?

question

Part 43, Appendix D

answer

Where can you find a checklist for the 100 hour inspection?

question

Part 43.11

answer

Where would you find the recommended statement for recording the approval or disapproval for return to service of an aircraft after a 100 hour inspection?

question

an A&P mechanic who has IA certificate

answer

Who can approve an aircraft for return to service after an annual inspection?

question

a certified mechanic holding an Inspection Authorization

answer

Who can approve an aircraft for return to service after a progressive inspection has been performed?

question

No

answer

Does an aircraft being operated under a progressive inspection program require a 100 hour inspection if it is used to give flight instruction for hire?

question

not more than 10 hours

answer

What is the maximum time that a 100 hour inspection may be extended?

question

electrical and hydraulic

answer

What are two sources of power used to extend and retract landing gear?

question

annual and other type inspections, after replacing landing gear, and after any hard landing

answer

When should landing gear retraction checks be accomplished?

question

dry air or nitrogen

answer

What is used to inflate an oleo type landing gear shock strut?

question

as tire size,outside air temperature

answer

Where would you look to find proper tire inflation information?

question

prevent nose wheel vibrations or 'shimmy'

answer

What is the purpose of a hydraulic shimmy damper?

question

inspected regularly for leakage and proper extension. the exposed portion of the strut should be wiped clean daily and inspected

answer

What type of care should be given to landing gear shock struts?

question

more likely to creep or slip causes rapid,uneven wear

answer

What is the effect of under inflated tires?

question

prevent air leakage

answer

What is the purpose of the rubber O-ring mounted on the mating surface of the outer wheel half of a split type wheel?

question

independent, power boosted and power control

answer

What are three types of aircraft brake systems?

question

isolating the emergency brake system

answer

What is the purpose of a shuttle valve in a power control system?

question

torque links

answer

What component in the landing gear system keeps the landing gear in alignment?

question

centering devices

answer

What is used to prevent a nose gear from being retracted with the wheel out of the center position?

question

O-ring

answer

What is used in a split wheel assembly to keep the air from leaking out between the wheel halves?

question

designed to melt at a specific elevated temperature and relive air pressure

answer

What is the purpose of the fusible plug in some aircraft wheels?

question

in a cool, dry place, away from chemicals, oil or sunlight

answer

How should aircraft tires be stored?

question

properly inflated

answer

What is the most important maintenance consideration for aircraft tires?

question

inflated inside of a cage

answer

What safety procedure should be followed when inflating tires in general?

question

stop without skidding

answer

What is the purpose of the anti-skid system?

question

bled

answer

What task should be accomplished if the aircraft brakes are spongy?

question

gravity and pressure

answer

What are two methods of bleeding brakes?

question

1. leaks 2. flex hoses 3. spongy actuation 4. excessive travel

answer

When inspecting brakes, what do you look for?

question

discharge

answer

What do you do before disassembling an oleo strut?

question

vegetable, mineral and phosphate ester

answer

What are three types of hydraulic fluid currently being used in civil aircraft?

question

red

answer

What is the color of mineral based hydraulic fluid?

question

maintenance manual or instruction plate

answer

How do you determine which type of hydraulic fluid to use in a specific system?

question

swell, break down and block the system

answer

What will happen to the seals in a vegetable base hydraulic system if it is serviced with mineral base or phosphate ester base fluids?

question

a chevron seal is directional

answer

When installing a chevron seal what must be considered?

question

lines and fittings should be capped or plugged

answer

When hydraulic lines have been disconnected, what precautions should be taken to prevent contamination of the system?

question

bypass valve which routes the hydraulic fluid

answer

What happens to the hydraulic fluid flow if the filter element becomes clogged with foreign matter?

question

filter with a paper element

answer

What is a micronic filter?

question

paper pleated and screen type

answer

Name the filters used in aircraft pneumatic systems?

question

ensure a positive flow

answer

Why are some hydraulic reservoirs pressurized?

question

some systems use a variable displacement hydraulic pump, engine bleed air, or hydraulic system pressure acting on a small piston inside the reservoir. another method is an aspirator or venturi

answer

What methods are used to pressurize hydraulic reservoirs?

question

spherical and cylindrical

answer

What are the two types of accumulator housings?

question

diaphragm, bladder and piston

answer

Name three types of hydraulic accumulators.

question

limit the amount of pressure in the system

answer

What is the purpose of a pressure relief valve in a hydraulic system?

question

provide a low pressure path for the fluid to flow

answer

What is the purpose of an unloading valve in a closed hydraulic system?

question

prevent possible structural damage

answer

What is the function of a wing flap overload valve?

question

the pump were to seize, allowing the engine to continue to operate

answer

What is the purpose of the shearable section in a hydraulic pump?

question

vane-type pump

answer

What pump is most suitable for low-pressure pneumatic systems?

question

a dampening device

answer

What protects a direct-pressure type hydraulic pressure gauge from pressure surges?

question

operate brakes, open and close doors, starting, pump driving, and operating emergency devices

answer

What are pneumatic systems used for an aircraft?

question

dumped overboard

answer

What happens to the air after a pneumatic system is operated?

question

remove contamination, moisture or oil

answer

Why should a pneumatic system be purged periodically?

question

protects the system against over-pressurization

answer

What is the purpose of the relief valve in a pneumatic system?

question

prevent hydraulic system shock

answer

What is the purpose of an accumulator?

question

skydrol

answer

What is an example of a phosphate ester base fluid?

question

cabin outflow valve

answer

What is the principle control element in a cabin pressurization system?

question

prevents obtaining a cabin altitude which is higher than the altitude of the aircraft.

answer

What is the purpose of the negative pressure relief valve in the pressurization system?

question

pressurization controller

answer

What control changes the position of the outflow valve?

question

positive displacement and centrifugal compressors

answer

What are the two groups of independent cabin compressors?

question

bleed air

answer

What method is used by turbine powered aircraft for pressurization?

question

structural design features and the capacity of teh superchargers

answer

What limits the degree of cabin pressurization?

question

shroud around the muffler

answer

Where does the warm air for cabin heating come from ni most small reciprocating engine aircraft?

question

combustion heaters, electric heaters and air-to-air heat exchange

answer

What are three methods of supplying heat to the conditioned air when the 'heat of compression' is sufficient for this purpose?

question

used to carry the heat to the places where it is needed

answer

What is the function of ventilating air in a combustion heater?

question

aircraft fuel tanks

answer

Where does the fuel used in an aircraft combustion heater come from?

question

thermostat

answer

What controls the temperature in an aircraft cabin that is heated with a combustion heater?

question

blower. cabin compressors

answer

What are the sources for ventilation air?

question

expansion turbine , air-to-air heat exchanger and various valves

answer

What are the components of an air cycle cooling system?

question

compressed air passes through the expansion turbine and undergoes a pressure and temperature drop

answer

What causes a temperature drop in an air cycle cooling system?

question

compressor, condenser, receiver/dryer, expansion valve and evaporator

answer

What are the components in a vapor cycle (Freon) cooling system?

question

observe the flow of Freon through the sight glass

answer

How do you determine the liquid level in a vapor cycle cooling system?

question

refrigerant oil

answer

How is the vapor-cycle cooling system compressor lubricated?

question

high pressure cylinder, a high pressure line t the pressure regulation reducing valve. a calibrated orifice to the rebreathing mask

answer

What are the components of a continuous flow oxygen system?

question

purged with dry nitrogen

answer

What must be done if an oxygen system has been depleted and not recharged within two hours?

question

filled in an oil free environment

answer

What safety considerations must be observed when filling oxygen cylinders?

question

sodium chlorate is the main chemical agent

answer

What is the main chemical agent inside of an oxygen generator?

question

high pressure are green in color and have the words 'Aviator's Breathing Oxygen' in white, one inch letters. low pressure are painted yellow

answer

How are high and low pressure oxygen cylinder identified?

question

liquid oxygen, high pressure gas, or chemical candle

answer

What are three ways supplemental oxygen can be carried in an aircraft?

question

teflon

answer

What is an acceptable lubricant for installing oxygen system fittings?

question

airspeed indicator. altimeter and vertical speed indicator.

answer

What three flight instruments are normally operated from the pitot-static system?

question

altimeter and airspeed will both be lower than normal and vertical speed indicator will indicate a momentary decent then return to zero

answer

What instrument indications will result if the static pressure line becomes disconnected inside the cabin of a pressurized aircraft?

question

manufacture or repair station

answer

Who is authorized to perform tests to calibrate an altimeter?

question

a leak test

answer

What is requried after replacement of components connected to the pitot-static system?

question

steel

answer

In wet-type vacuum pumps, what are the vanes made from?

question

engine oil

answer

How are vanes of a wet-type pump lubricated?

question

vacuum, electricity or air pressure

answer

What are the sources of power to gyroscopic instrument operation?

question

precession

answer

What causes an electric driven gyro rotor to tilt when the aircraft is turned?

question

Aircraft Specifications or Type Certificate Data Sheets

answer

What is used as a guide for range marking of aircraft instruments?

question

the outer edge of the cover glass

answer

Where are instruments range markings placed?

question

an index mark

answer

What other type ark is required when range markings are applied to the glass instrument cover?

question

is an electrical system used for transmitting information from one point to another

answer

What is a syncro-type remote indicating system?

question

capacitor fuel type quantity system

answer

What type of fuel quantity system is an electric fuel measuring device that accurately determines the density weight of the fuel in the tanks of an aircraft?

question

it is the adjustment to reduce deviation

answer

What is meant by 'swinging a compass?'

question

dampen the oscillations

answer

When inspeting a magnetic compass, the bowl should be filled with liquid and should not contain any bubbles or discolorations. What is the purpose of the liquid in the bowl?

question

clear fluid

answer

What is the fluid used in a magnetic compass?

question

near the compass and in plain sight

answer

Where is the compass correction card placed?

question

tachometer

answer

Which instrument is used to indicate the speed of the crankshaft of a reciprocating engine and the speed of the main rotor assembly in a turbine engine?

question

thermocouple system

answer

What type of indicating system is used to indicate turbine engine exhaust gas temperature (EGT)?

question

indicates atmospheric pressure

answer

What does the manifold pressure gauge indicate when the engine is not operating?

question

a barometer or an altimeter

answer

What is used to check a manifold pressure gauge for correct indication when the engine is not operating?

question

cautionary range

answer

What is the meaning of the yellow range on the airspeed indicator?

question

ratio of aircraft speed to the speed of sound

answer

What does a Mach meter indicate?

question

to prevent further damage

answer

Why do you not try to remove a blockage in a pitot system?

question

microphone, transmitter, transmitting antenna, receiving antenna, receiver and headset or loudspeaker

answer

Name the basic components of a communication system.

question

VHF (very high frequency)

answer

What is the most common communication system in use today?

question

HF (high frequency)

answer

Which radio system is used for long range communication?

question

self-contained transmitter and receiver

answer

What is a transceiver?

question

coaxial cable

answer

What type of conductor is used for transmitting information between antennas and receiver/transmitters?

question

connector used with coaxial cables

answer

Describe a BNC type connector.

question

receiver, visual indicator, dipole antenna and power supply

answer

What are the components of a typical VOR (very high frequency omni-range navigation equipment) system?

question

gyros, servos and amplifier

answer

What are the basic components of an autopilot system?

question

directional gyro, turn-and-bank gyro, attitude gyro and altitude control

answer

What are the sensing elements of an autopilot system?

question

the servos which actuate the control surfaces

answer

What are the output elements of an autopilot system?

question

hydraulic, pneumatic and electric

answer

What are three types of servos used in autopilot system?

question

provide a low-impedance ground return

answer

What is teh purpose of a bonding jumper on a radio shock mount?

question

121.5 and 243.0 MHz

answer

What is the frequency of an emergency locator transmitter (ELT)?

question

the battery replacement date must be marked on the outside of the transmitter

answer

How can you determine when the batteries of an ELT should be replaced?

question

secure them firmly at intervals of approximately two feet. should not be routed or tied to other wire bundles and as short as possible. the bend is at least 10 times the size of the cable diameter.

answer

Describe the proper method of routing coaxial cable from the antenna to the receiver

question

top of the forward part of the cabin with the apex of the 'V' toward the front

answer

Where is the preferred location for mounting a VOR antenna on the small aircraft?

question

mounted on the lower surface of the aircraft

answer

Where should DME antennas be located?

question

to prevent cracking in the skin

answer

Why are doublers required to be installed under aircraft skin when an antenna is mounted on the aircraft skin?

question

part of the ILS system

answer

What are marker beacons?

question

amber light and an audible tone

answer

What is the indication of the middle marker beacon?

question

an automatic direction finder

answer

What is an ADF?

question

distance measuring equipment

answer

What does DME stand for?

question

so that the flight crew can quickly bring the weight of the airplane down

answer

What is the purpose of a fuel dump system?

question

maintain lateral stability

answer

Other than reducing weight, what other function can be accomplished with a fuel jettisoning system?

question

bladder-type fuel cells, integral fuel cells, integral fuel tanks, and welded or riveted fuel tanks

answer

What are a few types of fuel cells?

question

the structure of the cavity in which it sits

answer

How is the weight of a bladder-type cell supported?

question

when the fuel cells are built into the wings

answer

What is 'wet-wing' construction?

question

the word 'Avgas' and the minimum fuel grade

answer

What markings must be placed near the fuel filler opening on reciprocating engine aircraft?

question

greatly reduces the time required to service large aircraft. eliminates aircraft skin damage and reduces the chance of fuel contamination

answer

What are the advantages of a single point pressure fueling system?

question

allow enough time for water and contamination

answer

After fueling an aircraft, why is it important for a technician to wait at least 30 minutes prior to taking a fuel sample?

question

remove any water

answer

Why should the fuel sumps of aircraft be drained before the first flight of the day?

question

clear balls of jelly

answer

What does water look like when in fuel that has been drained from the sumps?

question

checking the temperature to determine when there may be a danger of ice crystals forming

answer

What is the purpose of a fuel temperature indicator on a turbine engine?

question

indicate when the fuel pressure is to low, or to indicate when the fuel quantity in a tank is below a certain amount

answer

What is the purpose of warning lights in connection with fuel system?

question

only during the time the valve is in motion

answer

Where are electrical operated valve-in-transit indicator lights used?

question

so the pilot can feel when the switch is in a specific position

answer

Why do fuel selectors have detents?

question

visual, linkage, transmitter and totalizer

answer

What are four general types of fuel quantity gauges?

question

electronic-capacitance type

answer

Which type of fuel quantity gauge is considered to be more accurate than the other types?

question

tubular capacitor that extends across the tank from top to bottom

answer

Describe the sensor used in an electronic type fuel quantity indicating system.

question

an under-wing bayonet type fuel gauge

answer

What is a drip gauge?

question

an interconnected fuel system

answer

What is a crossfeed system?

question

to prevent the fuel from surging

answer

What is the purpose of the baffles in a fuel tank?

question

by a pressure check

answer

How can a fuel tank be checked for leaks after a repair?

question

protect the circuits and wires from fire

answer

What is the purpose of a circuit breaker?

question

thermal and magnetic

answer

What are the two principles on which circuit breakers operate?

question

wire gauge

answer

What tool is used to measure the size of unmarked electrical wire?

question

a green light is on the right wingtip, a red light is on the left wingtip, and a white light is mounted to where it is visible from the rear of the aircraft

answer

What are the colors of aircraft position lights and where are they mounted?

question

one is the allowable power loss. second is the permissible voltage drop. third is the current-carrying ability of conductor.

answer

What are the factors to be considered when selecting wire size for electrical power?

question

before the conductor emits smoke

answer

When is a circuit breaker or fuse designed to open the circuit?

question

auto-reset breakers

answer

What type of breakers are not acceptable for use in aircraft?

question

a fuse that compensates for surges and high inrush current

answer

What is a slow-blow fuse?

question

open circuits; shorted circuits; low power

answer

What are the three most common faults that occur in an electrical circuit?

question

an inside diameter that is 25% larger than the maximum diameter

answer

What size electrical conduit should be used for a specific cable bundle?

question

yellow

answer

What color insulator on a solderless connector is proper for a 10-gauge wire?

question

up or forward

answer

How should electrical switches typically be oriented in the on position?

question

for high rush-in circuits which draw several times

answer

When should electrical switches be derated from their normal current rating?

question

starting

answer

When do DC electric motors draw several times their rated current?

question

up or forward

answer

How should electrical switches typically be oriented in the on position?

question

an excessive supply of voltage, or the motor field windings shorted

answer

What would cause an AC electrical motor to run to fast?

question

low applied voltage, defective wiring,or no lubrication

answer

What would cause an AC electrical motor to run too slow?

question

by using a voltage regulator to control the exciter field current and thus regulate the exciter output voltage applied to the alternator field

answer

How is the output voltage of an alternator controlled?

question

the associated wires, conductors, and circuit protection devices should be checked to determine that the new load will not exceed the rated limits of these units

answer

What should be checked before any aircraft electrical load is increased?

question

the principle advantage is that the voltage of AC power systems is easily changed by the use of transformers. therefore, you can transmit power at high voltage and low current, thus reducing the size and weight of the writing in the circuit

answer

What is the main advantage of using AC for aircraft electrical power systems?

question

the alternating current is changed to direct current by the use of rectifiers

answer

IN AC power systems, how is DC obtained for battery charging?

question

a thermal sensor in the battery and a light in the cockpit

answer

What warns pilots of overheating batteries?

question

large enough to handle all the return current flow and as short as possible

answer

How long should bonding jumper wires be made?

question

permit effective breaking regardless of runway conditions

answer

What is the purpose of the anti-skid system?

question

that the system is turned off or there is a system failure

answer

What does the anti-skid warning light indicate?

question

a red light and aural device

answer

What type of warning devices are usually provided for retractable landing gear?

question

when the throttles are retarded and the landing gear is in any position other than down and locked

answer

What does the aural device operate in a landing gear warning system?

question

a green light for each gear

answer

What type of position indicators are normally used to indicate that the landing gear is down and locked?

question

the up and down, down and locked & in transit

answer

Which positions of retractable landing gear normally have a position indicator?

question

a switch that detects if the aircraft is on the ground. in the torsion links

answer

What is a squat, or weight on wheels switch, and where is it located?

question

a microswitch

answer

What device is used as a sensor to detect the condition of a retractable landing gear?

question

retraction check

answer

When should you check landing gear switches, lights, warning horn or buzzer for proper operation?

question

the takeoff horn is intermittent, the landing gear warning is continuous

answer

How does a takeoff warning horn differ from a landing gear warning horn?

question

1. speed brakes not down 2. flaps not in takeoff range 3. auxiliary power exhaust door open 4. stabilizer not in the takeoff setting

answer

What items may cause a takeoff warning horn to operate in a typical transport jet excited?

question

a light that alerts the pilot

answer

What is the master caution light?

question

remote indicating system

answer

What is used to indicate the position of wing flaps?

question

tubes are inflated with pressurized air and deflated in in an alternating cycle

answer

Describe the operating principle of inflatable deicer boots?

question

reducing aerodynamic lift. ice weighs the aircraft down, adding stress to the airframe

answer

Why is critical to prevent the formation of ice on aircraft wings and control surfaces?

question

pressurized air

answer

What are two methods of inflating pneumatic deicer boots?

question

bonding to the surface with cement, fairing strips, screws or a combination

answer

What methods are used to attach deicer boots to the leading edges of wing and tail surfaces?

question

to prevent deterioration of the rubber deicing boots

answer

What is the purpose of an air-oil separator in a pneumatic deicing system?

question

mild soap and water solution

answer

What is used to clean deicer boots?

question

must be relieved from its installed tension

answer

What must be done before you can make a cold patch repair to a deicer boot?

question

solenoid distributor valve

answer

What component of a pneumatic deicer system normally allows suction to be supplied to the boots to hold them down in flight?

question

thermal anti-icing systems are used primarily for the purpose of preventing ice from forming on the leading edges. however, they are designed to also deice the leading edges by supplying much hotter than normal air for short periods on a cyclic system. the airfoils that are to be protected are usually provided with closely spaced double skin. the hot air is passed through the space between skins, and the heat is sufficient to prevent formation of ice or to melt any ice next to the skin. the heated air is supplied continuously as long as the anti-icing system is turned on.

answer

Describe the operating principle for thermal anti-icing systems?

question

turn it on and feel for heat

answer

How can you determine if the heater in a pitot is working?

question

bleed air from the turbine, exhaust heat exchangers, and ram air

answer

What methods are used to supply heated air for thermal anti-icing systems?

question

a thermal switch will cause a shut-off valve to close and stop the flow of bleed air when the temperature of the leading edge reaches approximately 185F

answer

How is overheating prevented in a thermal anti-icing system using bleed air?

question

exhausted to the atmosphere at the wingtip

answer

In a thermal anti-icing system, what happens to the air after it has heated the leading edge of the wing?

question

delamination, arcing, scratches and discoloration

answer

What problems are associated with electrically heated windshields?

question

separation of the plies

answer

What is windshield delamination?

question

that there is a breakdown in the conductive coating

answer

What does arcing usually indicate in an electrically heated windshield?

question

wipers, pneumatic systems and chemical repellant

answer

Name the three methods of removing rain from aircraft windshields.

question

electrical or hydraulic

answer

What type of power is used to operate windshield wiper systems?

question

aerodynamic forces to reduce the wiper blade loading which causes ineffective wiping or streaking. also achieving fast enough wiper oscillation

answer

What are common problems encountered with windshield wipers?

question

uses high air pressure

answer

How does a pneumatic rain removal system work?

question

cabins and cockpits

answer

In what area of an aircraft would you find carbon monoxide detectors?

question

the silica gel turns a shade of green

answer

What color does a CO detector change to when carbon monoxide fumes are present?

question

photoelectric and visual

answer

What are two types of smoke detectors?

question

cargo and baggage compartments and lavatory

answer

Where are smoke detectors used in the aircraft?

question

the switches are wired in parallel with each other, but in series with the warning lights

answer

How are thermal switches wired in thermal switch fire detection systems?

question

heat sensitive units that complete the circuit at a certain temperature

answer

Describe the operating principle of a thermal switch fire detection system.

question

in case of fire or an overheat condition, the ceramic core's resistance drops, allowing current to flow between the signal wire and the conductive tub, lighting a warning light

answer

Describe the operating principle of a continuous loop fire detection system.

question

a thermocouple depends upon the rate of temperature rise and will not give a warning when the engine overheats slowly or a short circuit develops

answer

How does a thermocouple fire detection system differ from the thermal switch system?

question

the high rate of discharge uses Halon and on all fire classes. conventional fire systems use carbon dioxide on class B and C fires.

answer

What are two types of fire extinguishing systems?

question

Halon 1301 is the most common

answer

What type of extinguishing agent is usually found in a HDR system?

question

usually contains CO2

answer

What type extinguishing agent is usually associated with a conventional type extinguishing system?

question

indicates which bank of bottles has been emptied

answer

What is the purpose of the yellow disk in a CO2 fire extinguishing system?

question

by weighing it

answer

How can you determine the charge of a CO2 extinguisher?

question

by an explosive discharge cartridge

answer

In a turbine engine Freon (Halon) fire extinguishing system, how are bottles discharged?

question

thermal fuse

answer

How is a Freon fire extinguishing system protected from temperature rises in excess of set limits?

question

low temperatures will decrease and high temperatures will increase

answer

How does ambient temperature affect the pressure reading on a fire extinguisher?

question

a dry-powder extinguisher

answer

What type of extinguisher is recommended for brake fires?

question

date stamped on the face of the cartridge

answer

How can you determine the service life of a fire extinguisher discharge cartridge?

question

water, carbon dioxide and dry chemical

answer

What type of hand-held fire extinguishers are available for extinguishing interior aircraft fires?

question

a continuous-loop detector

answer

What type of fire detection system gives a more complete coverage of a fire hazard?

question

Class A is solid combustible materials. Class B is combustible liquids. Class C is electrical. Class D is metal, such as magnesium.

answer

Name the different class fires.

question

cylinder arrangement or method of cooling

answer

How are conventional reciprocating engines classified?

question

compression rings, oil control rings and scraper rings

answer

What are the different types of piston rings?

question

broken piston rings, rings that are not seating properly, burnt valves and poorly seating valves

answer

What are the main causes of a cylinder having low compression?

question

control the thickness of the oil film on the cylinder walls

answer

What is the purpose of the oil control rings?

question

excessive oil consumption

answer

What may be the result of installing piston rings incorrectly?

question

a master and articulating rod assembly

answer

What type of piston rods are commonly found in radial engines?

question

plain, roller and ball bearings

answer

What type of bearings are in general use in reciprocating engines?

question

hissing or whistle when pulling the propeller through by hand

answer

What is the indication of valve blowby?

question

valve springs will resonate (or surge) at certain engine speeds. to eliminate this problem, two springs (one inside the other) are installed on each valve.

answer

What is the purpose of using more than one spring for valve closing?

question

permits better volumetric efficiency

answer

What is the purpose of valve overlap?

question

cleaned thoroughly, visually inspected for evidence of overheating, cracked broken ends and compression strength

answer

Describe the inspection you would give the valve springs during engine overhaul.

question

sodium is an excellent heat conductor. melts at low temp and valve is circulated, carrying the heat from the valve head to the stem.

answer

What is the purpose of using valves with sodium filled stems?

question

striking an object or engine seizure.

answer

What causes engine sudden stoppage?

question

complete engine tear down and inspection.

answer

What type inspection must be made after sudden stoppage of an engine?

question

overcome forces which cause deflection of the crankshaft and torsional vibration

answer

What is the purpose of the crankshaft dynamic dampers used in aircraft engines?

question

remove the propeller and attach a dial indicator gauge. adjust the position of the gauge needle so that it is touching the shaft. rotate the crankshaft and check for misalignment.

answer

How would you make a 'runout' check on a crankshaft that is still installed in the engine?

question

instantaneous explosive burning

answer

What is detonation?

question

the number one cylinder

answer

What cylinder is engine to magneto timing based on?

question

when the propeller strikes an object but continues to run

answer

What is engine sudden speed reduction?

question

if the valves, piston rings, and pistons are adequately sealing the combustion chamber

answer

What can be learned about the condition of an engine by studying the results of a compression check?

question

with a cold cylinder indicator

answer

How can a cold cylinder be located on a double row radial engine?

question

dial indicator, telescopic gauge and outside micrometer, or inside micrometer

answer

What instrument can be used to check bore for out of roundness?

question

that there has been no combustion inside the cylinder, normally due to no ignition or a clogged fuel nozzle

answer

What would a cold cylinder indicate?

question

where the piston pin connects

answer

Where is a crack most likely to occur on a piston?

question

support the tail of the airplane

answer

What should be done to a nosewheel airplane before removing the engine?

question

an air inlet, compression section, combustion section, turbine section, exhaust section, and accessory section

answer

What are the major components of a typical gas turbine engine?

question

centrifugal flow and axial flow types

answer

What are the two principle types of compressors used in turbojet aircraft?

question

can, can-annular, annular and reverse flow annular types

answer

What are the four combustion chamber systems?

question

to spread the flame to the combustion chambers that are not equipped with igniter plugs

answer

What is the purpose of the interconnector tubes between can type combustion chambers?

question

louvers

answer

What prevents burning of the liner walls in can type combustion chambers?

question

between the compressor section and burner cans. to change the high velocity compressor discharge air to static pressure.

answer

What is the location and function of the diffuser section in a turbine engine?

question

on or across the leading or trailing edge of the blades

answer

Where are stress rupture cracks most likely to occur on turbine blades?

question

by either bulb-type, fir-tree, or dove tail type roots. then locked by means of screws, peening, locking wires, pins or keys.

answer

How are compessor blades attached to a disk-type rotor?

question

turbine nozzle prepares the combustion mass airflow to drive the turbine rotor.

answer

What is the purpose of the nozzle diaphragm, or turbine nozzle?

question

turboprop turbine must also drive a propeller

answer

What is the major difference between turboprop and turbojet engines?

question

propeller is replaced by a duct-enclosed axial flow fan

answer

What is a turbofan engine?

question

density increases, thrust increases and vice versa

answer

What is the effect of air density on the thrust of a turbine engine?

question

mechanical blockage and aerodynamic blockage

answer

What are the two most common types of thrust reverse?

question

two concentric shafts joining the turbine stages to their respective compressors

answer

What is a split compressor system in a turbine engine?

question

to direct cooling bleed air back onto the face of the disk

answer

What is one method of relieving thermal stress on a turbine disk?

question

high exhaust gas temperature

answer

What may be the indications if a turbojet engine is out of trim?

question

drives a propeller or helicopter transmission

answer

What is a free turbine?

question

for slowing the aircraft down to effective braking speeds

answer

What is the main purpose of thrust reversers?

question

remove or open all necessary inspection plates, access doors, fairing and cowling. then thoroughly clean then aircraft and the engine.

answer

What steps must be taken in order to prepare an aircraft for a 100 hour inspection?

question

FAR Part 43, Appendix D

answer

What may be used as a guide for a 100 hour inspection on aircraft engines?

question

make an internal cylinder inspection

answer

What additional inspection must be performed if the cylinder compression is weak?

question

Aircraft Specifications or Type Certificate Data Sheet

answer

Where are the aircraft engine operating limitations found?

question

on the engine identification plate

answer

Where can a mechanic look to identify an aircraft engine?

question

Engine Specifications or Type Certificate Data Sheet

answer

What publication is needed to inspect an engine for conformity with specifications?

question

Supplemental Type Certificate

answer

What type of FAA approval is required when a change to an engine design is not enough to require a new Type certificate?

question

a new Type Certificate must be obtained

answer

What type of FAA approval is required when a change is made to the engine principle of operation?

question

a transmitter and an indicator

answer

What are the units in an engine fuel flow system?

question

the fuel line between the engine driven pump and the carburetor

answer

Where is the fuel flow transmitter located?

question

the fuel flow in pounds per hour

answer

What type of readout is indicated on a fuel flow system?

question

density mass of the fuel that flows through it

answer

What exactly does a mass fuel flow transmitter measure?

question

to fuel consumption, the operator can determine from the fuel flow indication the engine is operating at the correct fuel-air mixture

answer

What is the reason for monitoring the fuel flow?

question

absolute pressure in the intake manifold

answer

What does a manifold pressure gauge indicate?

question

indicate atmospheric pressure

answer

What would be the effect of a broken manifold pressure gauge line?

question

crankshaft speed

answer

What does the engine tachometer indicate?

question

kink in the cable

answer

What is the most likely cause of an oscillating tachometer?

question

alternating current tachometer

answer

What type of tachometer is used in multi-engine airplanes?

question

percent of rotor RPM

answer

What are turbine engine tachometers designed to indicate?

question

ratio between total turbine discharge pressure to total inlet pressure an is an indicator

answer

What is the EPR on a turbine engine?

question

a thermocouple attached to the cylinder head

answer

What is the electric source for a cylinder head temperature gauge?

question

in the air intake passage

answer

Where is a carburetor air temperature bulb located?

question

checking resistance to thermocouples and circuits

answer

How can a turbine engine EGT be checked without operating the engine?

question

2 to 8 ohms

answer

What is the typical acceptable resistance of a cylinder head thermocouple cable?

question

spot-detection, continuous-loop and flame detectors

answer

What are the main categories of engine fire protection systems?

question

thermo switch and thermocouple

answer

Name examples of spot-detection type systems.

question

fenwal, kidde and pneumatic

answer

Name examples of continuous-loop detection systems.

question

will not give a warning

answer

When using a thermocouple type fire detector system, what happens if the engine overheats slowly?

question

has two wires imbedded. one wire acts as an internal ground and the other wire is a hot lead. core material heats up its resistance drops, completing a circuit

answer

Describe the operation of a Kidde continuous loop fire detector system.

question

thermocouple produces power to close a relay and power from the aircraft electrical system flows through the relay to the warning light

answer

Where does a thermocouple fire detector system get its electrical power to operate?

question

a heat sensitive thermal switch closes the circuit at a specific temperature

answer

Describe a thermal switch fire detector system?

question

in parallel with each other but in series with the warning light

answer

How are thermal switches electrically connected in the circuit?

question

dents, kinks, or crushed sensing elements

answer

What is the most common cause of a false fire warning in a continuous loop detector system?

question

Yes

answer

Will a continuous lop fire detector still indicate the presence of a fire if the element is broken in two?

question

mechanical and electrical

answer

What two methods are used to discharge fire extinguishing agents?

question

discharge valves operated by electrically discharge cartridges

answer

What method is used to release the fire extinguishing agent in a typical turbine engine fire protection system?

question

check the container gauge

answer

What method is used to determine proper fire extinguisher container pressure?

question

brown tag with a row of black diamonds

answer

What is the color marking used to identify fire extinguishing lines?

question

low pressure warning light

answer

What method other than the pressure gauge is used to indicate low agent pressure in a container?

question

yellow is a pilot initiated discharge. red is thermal activated discharge.

answer

What is the purpose of the yellow and red discharge plugs (disk) in a turbine engine fire extinguishing system?

question

perforated tube or discharge nozzles

answer

What are two methods commonly used to distribute the fire extinguishing agent to the engine?

question

dilutes the atmosphere

answer

How does the fire extinguishing agent put out the fire?

question

high rate of discharge

answer

What does 'HDR' stand for?

question

delivered from open-end tubes

answer

How is the fire extinguishing agent distributed from a HDR system?

question

1 to 2 seconds

answer

How long does it take to discharge the extinguishing agent in a HDR system?

question

continuous-loop system

answer

Which type of fire detection system gives a more complete coverage to a fire hazard?

question

when new brushes are installed in a generator the face of the brushes must be shaped to provide and area of maximum contact with the commutator. to seat the brushes, use fine grain sandpaper placed around the commutator with the sanding surface facing outward. turn the armature in a normal direction of rotation until the face of the brushes is properly contoured. remove the sandpaper and blow out any residue with compressed air.

answer

How would you seat newly installed generator brushes to the commutator?

question

once they reach half their original length

answer

When is it necessary to replace the brushes in a starter?

question

on the data plate

answer

Where is the generator rating and performance data located?

question

the voltage regulator, current limiter and reverse current cutout

answer

What units make up a DC generator three unit regulator?

question

voltage regulator

answer

What method is used to control the voltage of an aircraft alternator?

question

the frequency depends upon the speed of rotation of the rotor and the number of poles

answer

What determines the frequency of the voltage of an alternator?

question

by installing a constant speed drive (CSD) unit between the engine and the alternator

answer

How is alternator frequency maintained?

question

series motors, shunt motors, and compound motors

answer

What are the three basic types of DC motors?

question

armature, commutator, brushes and field frame

answer

Name the parts of a DC motor?

question

operates as a starter motor during engine starting. engine has reached a self-sustaining speed it switches operation to a generator for supplying electrical power for the systems

answer

Why is a starter-generator system, used on many turbine engines?

question

less likely to fatigue and break

answer

Why should stranded wire be used in powerplant applications?

question

smallest gauge number the larger the wire

answer

What is the American Wire Gauge (AWG) system of designating electrical wire size?

question

not enclosed in conduit

answer

What is open wing? (not an open circuit)

question

voltage regulator, three-unit regulator and carbon-pile

answer

What methods are used to control the voltage output of DC aircraft generator?

question

starter circuit

answer

What aircraft electrical system normally doesn't have a fuse or circuit breaker?

question

from accidentally being actuated

answer

Why are protective covers placed on some electrical switches?

question

commutator that is dirty, rough or out of round. worn or biding brushes or when brush spring tension is to low

answer

What are the causes of excessive arcing at the generator brushes?

question

not exceed one-half inch

answer

When installing single wires or wire bundles, how much slack is normally allowed between supports?

question

be insulated with a high temperature

answer

What precaution should be taken when running wires close to heating ducts or exhaust stacks?

question

oil that has no additives

answer

What is a straight mineral oil?

question

oil with additives

answer

What is ashless dispersant (AD) oil?

question

oil that is man-made

answer

What is synthetic oil?

question

oil that has varying viscosity

answer

What is meant by multiviscosity oil?

question

cleans, cools, cushions, seals and lubricates

answer

What are the purposes of reciprocating engine oil?

question

viscosity

answer

What is the most important property that aircraft reciprocating engine oil must possess?

question

operating load, rotational speeds and operating temperatures

answer

What factors must be considered in determining the proper grade of oil to use in a specific engine?

question

oil is cool the valve will direct it around the oil cooler

answer

What is the purpose of the oil flow control valve 'oil cooler bypass valve'?

question

gasoline, moisture, acid, dirt, carbon and metallic particles

answer

What are the main oil contaminants?

question

the bulb is located where it measures oil temperature before it enters the hot sections of the engine

answer

From what location on a reciprocating engine is the oil temperature usually taken?

question

internal failure of the engine

answer

What do metallic particles on an oil screen indicate?

question

diluted oil, contaminated oil, or the oil level is to high

answer

What could cause oil foaming?

question

high oil temperature

answer

What would be an indication of blocked oil cooler passages?

question

low oil pressure and high oil temperature

answer

What would be an indication of an inadequate oil supply?

question

synthetic oils

answer

What type of oil is used in turbine engine lubrication systems?

question

POH

answer

Where can you find the specified grade of oil for a particular aircraft?

question

air-cooled oil cooler and fuel-cooled oi cooler

answer

What are two types of oil coolers used in turbine engine lubrication systems?

question

oil flash point

answer

What is the meaning of oil flash point? Fire point?

question

7.5 pounds per U.S. gallon

answer

What is the weight of aircraft engine oil?

question

thins the oil by introducing fuel into the lubrication system

answer

What is the purpose of an oil dilution system?

question

to reduce friction

answer

What is the primary purpose of engine oil lubricant?

question

an oil analysis system

answer

What is the S.O.A.P. analysis?

question

aircraft gearboxes, air-turbinemotor starters and main shaft seals

answer

Where are carbon seals used in turbine engines?

question

for lubrication of the main shaft bearings

answer

What is the key purpose of lubrication in a turbine engine?

question

self-contained AC generator

answer

What is magneto?

question

do not rely on battery power

answer

Why are magneto ignition systems preferred over battery type ignition systems for reciprocating engines?

question

break in the p-lead wire

answer

What can cause a reciprocating engine to continue to run when the ignition switch is in the 'off' position?

question

prevent arcing at the points

answer

What is the purpose of the condenser in a high tension magneto electrical system?

question

a few degrees past the neutral

answer

Where is the E-gap position?

question

magnetic, primary and secondary

answer

What are the three major circuits of a high tension magneto system?

question

permanent rotating magnet, soft iron core and pole shoes

answer

What are the components of a high tension magnetic circuit?

question

stops the flow of current in the primary coil

answer

What happens when the primary breaker points open in a magneto?

question

number of degrees before top dead center

answer

What is the piston position when the spark occurs in a cylinder?

question

two magnetos in one housing

answer

What is a dual magneto?

question

in low tension systems the low voltage is generated in the magnet and flows through low tension leads to the primary winding of a transformer coil located near each spark plug

answer

What is the difference between a low tension and a high tension ignition system?

question

ignition switch to ground

answer

When the ignition switch is in the OFF position, what is the condition of the primary circuit?

question

E-gap position, breaker points must open and distributor rotor must be aligned with a distributor electrode

answer

What three conditions are required to fire plugs in a cylinder when the piston is in the prescribed position?

question

ignition system uses two separate magnetos. if the switch is set to right, the left magneto will be grounded

answer

What is a dual ignition system, and what part of the system is grounded when the ignition switch is placed in the RIGHT position?

question

adjusting the breaker points to open when the poles of the rotating magnet are at the E-gap

answer

What is internal timing of a magneto?

question

to retard the timing of the spark to after top dead center

answer

What is purpose of an impulse coupling used with a magneto?

question

firing of one spark plug before the other. instead of firing them simultaneously

answer

What is staggered ignition timing?

question

when the electrode end of the plug inside the cylinder is in the best position

answer

What is the proper spark plug reach?

question

because spark plugs can provide a lot information about the health of a specific cylinder

answer

Why is it important to keep track of the cylinders that spark plugs are installed in?

question

an electronic capacitor type ignition

answer

What type ignition system is used in most turbine engines?

question

to provide a discharge gap for the current

answer

What is the function of the igniter plugs in a turbine engine?

question

only for starting or restarting

answer

When are turbine engine ignition systems normally in use?

question

annular gap. constrained gap.

answer

What are two types of igniter plugs?

question

in case one magneto fails

answer

What is the purpose of the dual magneto configuration?

question

supply voltage is too low

answer

What does it mean when the starter relay clicks when the starter switch is placed in the 'start' position?

question

light weight, and do not have the same cool down periods

answer

What is an advantage of air-turbine starters when compared to electric starters for large turbine engines?

question

either externally or internally on the combustion chamber

answer

Where are the fuel spray nozzles located in a turbine engine?

question

use heat exchangers to heat the fuel. fuel heater, which uses a heat source, either bleed air or engine lubricating oil

answer

Name the heat sources for the operation of fuel heaters used in turbine engines.

question

power lever position, rpm, compressor inlet pressure temperature, burner pressure, or compressor discharge pressure and EGT or TIT

answer

What engine variables are sensed by a hydro mechanical fuel control?

question

float-type carburetor and pressure-type carburetor

answer

What are the two most commonly used carburetors in small reciprocating engines?

question

hydro mechanical and electronic fuel control units

answer

What type of fuel control unit is used in a turbine engine?

question

adjusting the fuel control for the proper specific gravity of the fuel and for the proper idle and full throttle RPM

answer

What is meant by trimming a turbine engine?

question

whenever there is a loss in engine power, or the manufacture specifies

answer

When should a turbine engine be trimmed?

question

the data plate on the engine typically contains the trimming specifications

answer

What specifications are used to trim a turbine engine?

question

supervisory electronic engine control and full-authority digital electronic control

answer

What are two types of electronic fuel controls for turbine engines?

question

Full-Authority Digital Electronic Control

answer

What is a FADEC?

question

no the FADEC is self-trimming

answer

Does a turbine engine controlled by a FADEC require manual trimming?

question

control the fuel-air mixture as air density changes

answer

What is the purpose of a mixture control in a float type carburetor?

question

temporarily enrich the mixture

answer

What is the purpose of an accelerating system on a float-type carburetor?

question

it proportions the fuel-air mixture, lowers the pressure at the discharge nozzle and limits airflow at full throttle

answer

Describe the purpose and operation of a venturi?

question

limit the fuel flow when the throttle valve is wide open

answer

What is the function of a metering jet?

question

it is differential pressure between the pressure in the float chamber and at the nozzle

answer

What is the fuel metering force in a float-type carburetor?

question

cause carbon fouling of the spark plug

answer

What will be the result of using excessively rich idle mixtures?

question

provides additional fuel for cooling the engine to prevent detonation at higher throttle settings

answer

What is the purpose of the economizer system in a float carburetor?

question

from the boost pump

answer

Where does a pressure injection carburetor obtain fuel pressure?

question

sealed bellows

answer

What operates an automatic mixture control (AMC) on a pressure carburetor?

question

idle cutoff

answer

In what position do you place the mixture control of a pressure injection carburetor to stop the engine?

question

should be a slight increase in rpm, followed by a rapid drop of rpm to zero

answer

What rpm indication should result when the mixture control is placed in the idle cutoff position when the idle mixture is set correctly?

question

to soften the diaphragms and make them as pliable

answer

What is the purpose of filling a pressure injection carburetor full of fuel and allowing it to soak for a period of about eight hours prior to installation?

question

throttle, impact, and fuel evaporation

answer

What are three types of carburetor icing?

question

3-5 psi

answer

What is the typical fuel pressure in a float type carburetor?

question

used to prevent foreign matter from entering the carburetor

answer

What is the purpose of strainers in a fuel system?

question

because air density changes with altitude. the mixture control provides a means to adjust for the correct mixture at different altitudes

answer

Why do carburetors in aircraft have a mixture control?

question

throttle stop for idling RPM and the idle mixture through the idle needle valve

answer

What two items are adjusted when setting idling conditions on a float carburetor?

question

provide a means of shutting off fuel flow, crossfeed for tank and engine selection and for fuel transfer

answer

What is the purpose of fuel selector valves?

question

leaks and security

answer

What should be looked for when inspecting an engine driven fuel pump?

question

delivers a continuous supply of fuel at all times

answer

What is the purpose of an engine drive fuel pump?

question

positive-displacement rotary-vane-type pump

answer

What type of fuel pump is generally used with large reciprocating engines?

question

pressure relief valve opens and the fuel is routed back to the inlet side of the pump

answer

What happens to the excess fuel not required by the engine in a constant displacement pump?

question

electrically driven centrifugal

answer

What is the most common type of fuel boost pump?

question

supplies fuel to the engine pump for starting. maintain pressure in the fuel lines. act as a backup.

answer

What are the functions of the boost pump?

question

the bypass valve provides a path around the pump vanes for starting the engine, and to allow fuel to bypass the pump in case of a pump failure

answer

What is the purpose of the bypass valve in the engine driven fuel pump?

question

used to supply fuel to a pressure carburetor during engine starting and in case of engine driven pump failure

answer

What is the purpose of using boost pumps in a fuel system?

question

low fuel pressure, high fuel temperatures and excessive fuel turbulence

answer

What are the three general causes of vapor lock?

question

constant displacement and variable displacement

answer

Turbine engine fuel pumps may be divided into what two distinct system categories?

question

constant displacement

answer

What category is a turbine engine driven gear-type pump?

question

a variable displacement pump

answer

What type fuel pump can be made to vary the fuel flow at any speed?

question

fuel filter

answer

What part of a gas turbine engine fuel system is very susceptible to the formation of ice?

question

by the use of fuel heaters

answer

How is the engine fuel system protected from ice formation?

question

because the small openings make it very susceptible to clogging

answer

Why is a micro fuel filter provided with a bypass valve as a necessary safety factor?

question

at the fuel pump, in line with the system

answer

Where are fuel filters located?

question

yes, if you have a STC

answer

Can you use automotive gasoline in a reciprocating engine in place of Avgas?

question

air scoop, fuel delivery system and intake manifold

answer

What are the three major parts of a reciprocating engine induction system?

question

can cause an engine to act erratically and lose power, and may possibly quit

answer

What effect does induction system icing have an engine performance?

question

by the use of heated air

answer

What method is used to prevent or remove induction system ice in a reciprocating engine?

question

alcohol, anilol, or mersoi is sprayed into the induction system

answer

How is ice cleared in some aircraft induction systems if the carburetor heat is to low to clear the ice?

question

low power

answer

What engine indication can be the result of a dirty air filter?

question

could cause detonation and possible engine failure

answer

What is the danger of using carburetor heat when operating at high power settings?

question

throttle butterfly is in the partially closed position

answer

Carburetor throttle ice is most likely to form when the throttle is in which position?

question

internally drive or externally drive

answer

What are two general classifications of superchargers used in reciprocating engine induction systems?

question

to break up the fuel globules

answer

What is the purpose of a distribution impeller in a radial engine?

question

mechanically engine driven

answer

How does an internally driven supercharger get its power?

question

by the exhaust gases

answer

Where does an externally driven supercharger get its power?

question

waste gate

answer

What unit regulates the amount of exhaust gases to the turbine of a turbocharger?

question

oil pressure

answer

What type of power is used to control the position of the turbocharger waste gate on some engines?

question

a buildup of carbon

answer

What can cause the waste gate to stick?

question

cowl flaps

answer

What is the most common means of regulating the cooling air flow through a reciprocating engine?

question

cooling

answer

What is the purpose of the fins on engine cylinders?

question

cowling and baffles

answer

What other engine characteristics are designed to aid in engine cooling besides cooling fins?

question

to keep the cylinder head temperature within allowable limits

answer

Why is the 'open and close' adjustment during installation of cowl flaps important?

question

the cylinder should be replaced

answer

What should be done to cylinders when to much of the cooling fin area is broken off?

question

all ground run operations

answer

When should cowl flaps be kept in the fully open position?

question

manufacturer's service

answer

What publication should be referred to before re-profiling cylinder cooling fins?

question

electrical power, hydraulic power or manually

answer

What power sources are used to operate the cowl flaps?

question

to direct jets of cooling air to accessories

answer

What is the purpose of blast tubes?

question

shortens the life of the engine parts, impairs lubrication and affects combustion

answer

What are the main reasons that excessive heat in a reciprocating engine is undesirable?

question

two pairs of tubes running from the engine compartment to the read of the nacelle. form a high temperature, low pressure, jet-like exhaust which draws additional cooling air over the engine.

answer

Describe the augmenter system.

question

bleed air from the compressor

answer

What is the source of air directed to engine bearings for cooling?

question

to reduce the temperature of the structures in the vicinity of the exhaust duct or afterburner, and to eliminate the possibility of fuel or oil coming into contact with the hot parts

answer

What is the purpose of insulation on the exhaust duct of a turbine engine?

question

stainless steel, layers of aluminum foil, fiber glass and silver foil

answer

What type of materials are used to make insulation blankets for turbine engines?

question

combustion chamber and the turbines

answer

What areas of a turbine engine are cooled by the secondary air passing through the engine?

question

it streamlines the engine to reduce drag and forms an envelope around the engine, which forces the airstream between the cylinders to cool them

answer

What is the purpose of an engine cowling?

question

allows the thick oil to bypass the cooler

answer

What is the purpose of an oil cooler bypass valve?

question

short stack and collector

answer

What are two types of reciprocating engine exhaust systems?

question

result in carbon monoxide poisoning; loss of engine power and an aircraft fire

answer

What are the possible hazards of exhaust system failure?

question

short stack system

answer

What type of exhaust system is generally used on low powered non supercharged engines?

question

exhaust collector system

answer

What type of exhaust system is used on turbocharged engines?

question

collector system

answer

What type of exhaust system creates a higher exhaust back pressure?

question

it is used to remove heat and noxious gases from the engine nacelle

answer

What is the purpose of a reciprocating engine exhaust system?

question

weakens the metal

answer

What happens when lead, zinc or galvanized marks are made on an exhaust system?

question

flat fray or sooty black carbon streaks on the pipes in the area of the leak

answer

What type of visual indication can usually be seen in the area of an exhaust leak?

question

degreasing

answer

How are ceramic coated exhaust stacks cleaned?

question

thermal stress, or vibration stress

answer

What is the usual cause of muffler and heat exchanger failures?

question

cracks

answer

What is the most common form of damage in exhaust systems?

question

fully open

answer

What should be the condition of the waste gate when starting an engine?

question

welds, flanges or clamped points

answer

Where are exhaust manifold and stack failures most likely to occur?

question

carbon buildup

answer

What is a common cause of the waste gate unit malfunctioning in a turbocharger system?

question

engine performance and exhaust gas temperature

answer

What factors are affected if the area of the exhaust nozzle of a turbine engine is changed?

question

danger of blowing foreign objects up into the intake stream

answer

Why are thrust reversers not normally used during ground operations?

question

measure EGT and pressure

answer

What are the probes in a turbine exhaust pipe used for?

question

carbon monoxide poisoning

answer

Why do you disassemble and inspect the collector type exhaust?

question

controls the amount of exhaust gases forced through the turbo charger

answer

What is the purpose of the waste gate on a turbo-charge exhaust?

question

create thrust

answer

What is the purpose of a propeller?

question

tractor and pusher

answer

What are the two types of propeller configurations?

question

fixed pitch

answer

What type of propeller has the blade angle built into the propeller and cannot be changed?

question

to protect the propeller

answer

What is the purpose of the metal tipping on a leading edge of a wooden propeller?

question

propeller protractor

answer

What tool is used to determine propeller blade angle?

question

centrifugal force, aerodynamic twisting, centrifugal twisting, torque bending and thrust bending

answer

What are the aerodynamic forces and loads acting on a rotating propeller blade?

question

the curved side of the propeller is called the blade back. the flat side of the propeller is known as teh blade face.

answer

What is the meaning of propeller blade 'back' and 'face'?

question

suitable cleaning solvent

answer

What should be used to clean aluminum and steel propeller blades and hubs?

question

vertical and horizontal

answer

What positions are used on a balance stand to check a two bladed propeller to static balance?

question

no

answer

Can a fixed pitch propeller's pitch be changed?

question

this type of propeller has a movable cylinder that slides over a fixed piston. in the low pitch position, the cylinder is outboard and the piston is exposed to the open air. in the high pitch position, the cylinder moves inboard and covers the piston. in this position, the piston is protected from dirt and moisture in the air. this is particularly important if the airplane engine will not be operated for several days.

answer

Why do you put the blades of a counterweight propeller into high pitch before stopping the engine?

question

center the propeller on the shaft

answer

Why are cones installed on splined shafts with a propeller?

question

releasing governor oil pressure on the counterweights

answer

How is feathering accomplished on a constant speed counterweight propeller?

question

fluid or electrical

answer

What types of systems are used for deicing propellers?

question

deicing fluid. under pressure of centrifugal force is transferred through small tubes to the propeller's leading edge

answer

What is the purpose of a slinger ring on some propeller installations?

question

process of determining the position of the tips of the propeller blades relative to each other

answer

What is blade tracking?

question

centrifugal forces of the counterweights increase the pitch of the blades

answer

Do the counterweights on a constant speed propeller increase or decrease the blade angle?

question

governor's prop level set screw

answer

What should you adjust if a pilot request 50 more rpm on an aircraft equipped with a constant speed propeller?

question

only the maximum RPM stop

answer

What adjustments are powerplant mechanics allowed to make to the prop governor?

question

to reduce vibrations

answer

Why are propellers indexed to the crankshaft of an engine?

question

no

answer

Can transverse cracks in a propeller be repaired?

question

beta range is in the reverse pitch. aplha range is the aircraft in flight.

answer

What is the alpha range and beta range of a propeller?

question

check for elongation

answer

When changing metal bushings on a wooden propeller assembly, a thorough inspection of the bolt holes should be accomplished. Why?

question

identical

answer

What is the typical relationship between an aircraft's auxiliary power unit (APU) generator and the engine driven generator?

question

airplane's main fuel supply

answer

Where does the APU fuel supply normally come from?

question

electric starter

answer

How is the APU rotated during start up?

question

to stabilize the pressure of the air before it enters the compressor

answer

What is the function of an APU air inlet plentum?

question

APU remains at or near rated speed regardless

answer

When operating at high loads, what is the speed of an API?

question

automatically modulated to maintain a safe EGT

answer

What is the effect of the pneumatic power when being used in conjunction with maximum APU shaft output?

question

by closing the bleed air valve

answer

Before shut down, how would APU cooling be accomplished?

question

when the bleed air is opened

answer

When is most of the load placed on an APU?

question

maintained automatically by the APU fuel control system

answer

What regulates fuel scheduling during APU start and under varying pneumatic bleed and electrical?

question

gathering information from the FADEC

answer

How is most troubleshooting accomplished on modern APUs?

question

provide bleed air for aircraft pneumatic system

answer

What is the primary function of the load compressor on APUs equipped with a free turbine and compressor?

question

3 to 5 minutes

answer

To prevent rotor seizure 'shock cooling' how long should an APU idle before being shut down?

Bakers School of Aeronautics Oral Prep – Flashcards

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