Bacterial Pathogens – Flashcards
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| Staphylococcus aureus |
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| Gram + cocci Local infections: (skin) cellulitis, impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles; (respiratory)pneumonia w/ cavitations Systemic: actute endocarditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis Treatment: MSSA: penicillinase-resistant penicillin; MRSA: vancomycin |
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| Staphylococcus epidermis |
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| Gram + cocci Infection in indwelling medical devices Endocartitis Treatment: vancomycin and removal of foreign object |
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| Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B) |
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| Gram + cocci alpha hemolytic neonatal meningitis (MOST common cause), neonatal pneumonia, neonatal sepsis Strep agalactiae are part of the normal oral and vaginal flora and causes urinary and reproductive system infections in females Treatment: penicillin G |
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| Streptococcus equisimilis (Group C) |
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| Gram + cocci pharyngits/strep throat |
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| Streptococcus mutans (viridans) |
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| Gram + cocci catalase -, alpha hemolytic, bile-esculin negative Local: dental ( S. mutans) brain or abdominal abscesses( S. intermedius) Systemic: Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE) Treatment: penicillin G |
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| Streptococcus pneumoniae |
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| Gram + cocci catalase -, alpha hemolytic, bile-esculin negative Local: Otitis media Systemic: meningitis Treatment: penicillin MAJOR CAUSE of community acquired pneumonia |
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| Strepcococcus pyogenes (Group A strep) |
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| Gram + cocci Pharyngitis, Impetigo, Scarlet fever, Toxic Shock Syndrome Treatment: penicillin G |
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| Enterococcus faecalis |
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| Gram + cocci Local: UTI, biliary tract infections Systemic: Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE) 2nd most common cause of nosocomial infections UTI is US due to high resistance biliary/hepatic surgery VRE: vancomycin resistant enterococci |
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| Bacillus anthraxis |
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| Gram + bacilli; Spore forming Can cause cutaneous, pulmonary or intestinal anthrax with septicemia Usually fatal Treatment: penicillin |
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| Bacillus cereus |
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| Gram + bacilli; Spore forming Food poisoning- uncooked food or when food is re-warmed and spores germinate 4 toxins Treatment: rehydration and prevention |
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| Clostridium botulinum |
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| Gram + bacilli; Spore forming Adult: food poisoning - botulism Infant botulism: floppy baby syndrome Treatment: antitoxin; respiratory support |
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| Closttridium difficile |
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| Gram + bacilli; Spore forming Nosocomial gastroenteritis Treatment: oral vancomycin Major cause of hospital acquired diarrhea, often transmitted by the hands of hospital personnel Antibiotic associated |
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| Clostridium perfringens |
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| Gram + bacilli; Spore forming Gas gangrene and food poisoning Surgical removal of infected areas Penicillin for weak infections; Disease caused by toxins and extracellular enzymes produced by bacteria |
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| Clostridium tetani |
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| Gram + bacilli; Spore forming Tetanus, spastic paralysis, lockjaw Treatment: clean wound; antitoxin; DTaP vaccine booster; penicillin |
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| Corynebacterium diptheria |
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| Gram + cocci; nonsporeforming Diptheria Treatment: DTaP vaccine booster; antitoxin; penicillin Acute, potentially fatal diphtheria by potent exotoxin so urgent treatment is essential |
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| Listeria monocytogenes |
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| Gram + bacilli; nonsporeforming Neonatal meningitis and sepsis Immunocompromised patients Treatment: amphicillin Opportunistic infection ( AIDS pts) Intracellular organism, which infects special groups, pregnant women, newborns and immunosuppressed patients |
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| Neisseria gonorrhea |
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| Gram - cocci Gonorrhea Local genital tract infection Systemic- septic arthritic Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Treatment: penicillin G; amoxycillin |
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| Neisseria meningitides |
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| Gram - diplococci Meningitis penicillin G; rifampin for prophylaxis; vaccine Major cause of meningitis, especially in close quarters, dorms Neonates are protected by maternal antibodies until 6 mon. |
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| Bartonella henselae |
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| Gram - bacilli; nonenteric Endocarditis |
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| Bordetella pertussis |
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| Gram - bacilli; nonenteric Pertussis/whooping cough Highly contagious; respiratory droplets Vaccine: DTaP (aP stands for acellular pertussis) Pediatric disease - 60 million people worldwide; 10,000 cases in US Erythromycin |
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| Brucella melitensis |
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| Gram - bacilli; nonenteric Brucellosis; fever Zoonotic Treatment: pasteurize milk; gentamycin Most commonly occurs from ingestion of contaminated animal products or direct skin contact |
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| Francisella tularensis |
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| Gram - bacilli; nonenteric Tularemia Treatment: streptomycin Live vaccine for high risk individuals Zoonotic bacteria - primarily rabbits; also trans. by ticks, lice, mites or contact with infected animal at skin |
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| Gardnerella vaginalis |
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| Vaginosis |
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| Haemophilus influenza B |
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| Gram - bacilli; nonenteric Local: Otitis, pneumonia Systemic: meningitis, septic arthritis, cellulitis Treatment: 3rd generation cephalosporin Hib vaccine Only humans carry Aerosol MOST COMMON CAUSE of MENINGITIS in CHILDREN; problem in close quarters |
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| Legionella pneumophila |
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| Gram - bacilli; nonenteric Water aerosols, nosocomial respiratory - Legionnaire's Disease Same signs and symptoms of bacterial pneumonia If not treated, 20% mortality Lives like intracellular parasite Tolerates heat, chlorination Can live in water pipes, showers, vaporizer, spa, whirlpools, AC systems Treatment: erythromycin Common cause of atypical pneumonia |
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| Bacteroides spp |
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| Gram - bacilli; enteric Bacteremia; GI, pelvic abscesses Treatment: drain abscess; antibiotics Most common in GI normal flora |
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| Camplobacter jenjuni |
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| Gram - bacilli; enteric bloody diarrhea; secretory diarrhea 81% of poultry has Camplobacter MOST COMMON cause of diarrhea in the world |
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| Citrobacter freundii |
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| Gram - bacilli; enteric Bacteremia; nosocomial and opportunistic infections Treatment: Gentamycin |
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| E. Coli |
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| Gram - bacilli; enteric Traveler's diarrhea; UTI Treatment: rehydration and penicillin MOST COMMON CAUSE of UTI MOST COMMON CAUSE of NEONATAL MENINGITIS MOST COMMON CAUSE of NEONATAL PNEUMONIA Personal hygiene important One of the most common Nosocomial Infections |
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| Enterobacter spp |
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| Gram - bacilli; enteric Meningitis Nosocomial and opportunistic infections Wound, blood, lung and UTI infections Treatment: Gentamycin Sewage, water, and soil |
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| Helicobacter pylori |
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| Gram - bacilli; enteric gastritis; peptic ulcers Treatment: amoxycillin MOST COMMON CAUSE of ULCERS |
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| Klebsiella pneumoniae |
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| Gram - baccili; enteric Pneumonia, nosocomial UTI Treatment: 3rd generation cephalosporin |
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| Proteus mirabilis |
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| Gram - bacilli; enteric Prostatitis, nosocomial UTI Treatment: amphicillin MOST COMMON CAUSE of UTI in NURSING HOME PATIENTS with indwelling CATHETERS |
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| Psuedomonas aeruginosa |
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| Gram - bacilli; enteric Prostatitis, pneumonia, nosocomial UTI, edocarditis, osteomyelitis Treatment: penicillin Associated with moisture and can be introduced in hospitals through water in respiratory equipment, flowers Can cause chronic pneumonia in CF patients |
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| Salmonella typhii |
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| Gram - bacilli; enteric Bloody diarrhea/dystentery; typhoid fever |
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| Serratia marcescens |
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| Gram - bacilli; enteric Opportunistic and nosocomial infections, wound, blood, lung and UTI Treatment: gentamycin |
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| Shigella dysenteriae |
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| Gram - bacilli; enteric Bloody diarrhea/dysentery Fecal-oral transmission Treatment: oral rehydration |
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| Vibrio cholera |
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| Gram - bacilli; enteric Cholera - "rice water" diarrhea; dehydration Treatment: rehydration and tetracycline Contaminated water |
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| Mycobacterium avium |
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| Acid-fast rods MAC |
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| Mycobacterium bovis |
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| Acid-fast rods CNS |
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| Mycobacterium leprae |
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| Acid-fast rods Leprosy - Hansen's Disease Various antibiotics |
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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| Acid-fast rods TB Various antibiotics |
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| Mycoplasma hominis |
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| Wall-less cells; pleomorphic Vaginosis |
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| Mycoplasma pneumonia |
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| Wall-less; pleomorphic Pneumonia and walking/atypical pneumonia Treatment: Erythromycin; tetracycline Most commonly affects young people, especially those in close quarters MOST COMMON CAUSE of ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA |
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| Borrelia burgdorferi |
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| Spriochete Lyme disease Treatment: tetracycline Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease |
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| Treponema pallidum |
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| Spirochete Syphilis |
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| Chlamydia trachomatis |
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| Obligate intracellular bacteria Silent STD - chlamydia Treatment: tetracycline Most frequent cause of bacterial STD I the US; most frequent cause of blindness worldwide |
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| Ricksettsia rickettsii |
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| Obligate intracellular bacteria Rocky mountain spotted fever Treatment: tetracycline Commonly occurs along east coast due to dog tick bite |
