Informational and Analytical Reports, Direct Quotations – Flashcards
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Sandra wants to illustrate how her company's sales have increased over the past five years. She should use a pie chart to do this.
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False
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Primary data can be generated through surveys, interviews, observation, and experimentation.
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True
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Google, Yahoo, Bing, About, and Ask are examples of
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search tools.
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Pamela will be writing a complex report about a research study she's conducting. Which of the following should she do?
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All of these choices
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Table 4 shows that three fourths of the respondents oppose the proposed tax is an effective reference to a visual aid in a report.
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True
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Readers usually find reports organized in an indirect pattern most rational because this organizational pattern follows the normal thought process.
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True
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The best survey questions provide quantifiable data.
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True
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Which of the following reports is an example of an informational report?
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A report showing how a company has complied with SEC regulations
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A directly organized informational report might follow which outline?
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Introduction/Background, Facts/Findings, Summary
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An indirectly organized analytical report might follow which outline?
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Introduction/Problem, Facts/Findings, Discussion/Analysis, Conclusions/Recommendations
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Brad started his report with a description of the problem. He followed this with his facts and findings. Finally, he ended his report with his conclusions and recommendations. Brad has used the direct pattern to write his report.
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False
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Which of the following is an effective statement of purpose for an informational report?
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To inform the reader of the many different features offered on the Apple iPad
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Long formal reports are usually printed on plain paper in
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manuscript format.
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The two most common citation formats are those presented by the Modern Language Association (MLA) and the American Psychological Association (APA).
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True
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Which of the following reports would most likely be written using an informal writing style?
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A summary report written to your supervisor about a conference you attended
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Everett's boss has asked him to research and recommend a new insurance provider for employees' health insurance. Everett should write an analytical report.
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True
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Nadia will carefully document her sources in a report she must submit to her boss. Which of the following is a reason that Nadia should document her sources?
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All of these choices are reasons for documenting report data.
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Lydia is anticipating the audience for a report she is writing. What question should she ask during this stage of the writing process?
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Lydia should ask all these questions about her audience.
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In which of the following situations should the direct pattern of organization be used for a business report?
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When readers are familiar with the topic
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Documenting data is necessary in academic reports but not in business reports.
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False
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Business report writers should anticipate primary audiences only.
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False
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Which of the following is an example of a digital report?
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All of these choices are examples of digital reports.
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Short (eight or fewer pages) informal reports addressed outside an organization are usually presented in
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letter format.
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Informal reports are written in a style that uses
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contractions.
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ABI/INFORM, Factiva, LexisNexis Academic, and Academic Search Elite (EBSCO) are
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electronic databases.
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Trace needs to illustrate the percentage each expense represents of total company expenses. His best choice is a(n)
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pie chart
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What is the purpose of business reports?
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To solve problems
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Knowledgeable report writers use direct quotations to
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All of these choices.
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Tarryn, a student who is researching forensic accounting, is preparing to interview an experienced accountant. To conduct an effective interview, Tarryn should
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learn as much as possible about the forensic accounting field before conducting the interview.
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The best question to include in a survey is
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Do you approve of a flat-rate income tax?
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Which of the following statements about business reports is most accurate?
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The larger an organization, the more vital the exchange and flow of information becomes.
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Sources of primary information include
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surveys and interviews.
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Which of the following situations would most likely require observation or scientific experimentation?
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You need to determine the average time it takes your line employees to produce a single piece of furniture.
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An individual who is caught plagiarizing or using another's words or ideas without giving proper credit faces the possibility of losing his or her job.
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True
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You should begin nearly every business report assignment by
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evaluating the available secondary data.
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The first step in writing a report is to
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analyze the problem or assignment clearly.
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In a business report, graphics can be used to clarify data, to make numeric data meaningful, and to create visual interest.
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True
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What type of data result from reading what others have experienced or observed and written down?
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Secondary data
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As long as you put the research you find into your own words, you don't have to cite your source.
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False
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In which of the following situations should the indirect pattern of organization be used for a business report?
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When readers must be educated about the topic
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Preprinted forms are useful for presenting repetitive data, such as monthly sales reports, performance reviews, and merchandise inventories.
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True
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An example of a simple statement of purpose for a business report might be To recommend a new process for handling employee grievances.
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True
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Select the most accurate statement about the Web.
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The fastest-growing sector of the Web is social networking sites.
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An expanded statement of purpose for a study includes three additional factors. What are they?
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Scope, significance, and limitations
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Based on their function, most business reports fall into two broad categories: informational or analytical.
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True
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Select the least accurate statement about the Web.
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The Web is a highly organized collection of information from around the world.
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Derrick is evaluating the information he found on a Web site before he includes it in his business report. He asks, "When was this Web site last updated?" What is Derrick evaluating?
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The currency of the Web site
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Michelle attended a professional conference and must submit a report to her supervisor. She should write an analytical report.
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False
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Are you in favor of requiring seatbelts to save lives? is an example of a leading question.
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True
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Research reports prepared by consultants for their clients tend to be rather formal.
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True
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Formal experimentation produces data suggesting causes and effects.
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True
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Stephanie is preparing a visual to show the chain of command and reporting structure within her company. An organization chart will best illustrate this data.
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True
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Nearly every research project should begin with a search of primary data.
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False
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Heidi is writing a report about ways to reduce the time it takes to process a customer return and is determining why the topic is worth investigating at this time. Heidi is looking at the
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significance
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When incorporating a graphic in the body of your report, you should
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include a reference to the graphic in the text.
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Select the most accurate statement about sources found on the Web.
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Wikis, blogs, and discussion forum entries are short-lived and change constantly.
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In planning his report, Darren breaks the major investigative problem into subproblems. This process is sometimes called
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factoring the problem.
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The ability to access information electronically has made using books for business research obsolete.
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False
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All business reports have one or more of the following purposes: to convey information, to answer questions, and to solve problems.
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True
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When little has been written on a research topic, some of the best information comes from interviews with experts in the field.
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True
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A work plan gives a complete description of a research project, including how the investigator plans to generate or collect data.
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True
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The more direct quotes you use in a business report, the more professional and credible it will seem.
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False
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Which of the following is an effective question to use in a survey?
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Do teachers deserve a 7 percent pay increase?
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A good work plan for a business research project includes
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all of these choices.
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Yes-no questions produce the best results in an interview with an expert.
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False
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Which of the following statements would need to be documented in a report?
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n May 6, 2010, the Dow Jones Industrial Average suffered a 998 point loss, which the media called the Flash Crash.
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The first step in the report-writing process is anticipating how the audience will react to the information in the report.
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False
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Ashley attended a professional conference and must submit a report to her boss. She should arrange her conference report chronologically and include details about every aspect of the conference.
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False
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Informational and analytical reports differ mainly in that informational reports emphasize facts while analytical reports emphasize reasoning and conclusions.
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True
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The conclusions and recommendations sections of a report are the most widely read parts of a report because they tell the reader what the data mean.
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True
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Which of the following is a conclusion?
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Offering a wide range of benefits is the best way to recruit high-quality applicants.
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Agendas, minutes of meetings, and progress reports are usually organized by component.
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False
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Which of the following is most likely to be distorted by an extreme number at either end?
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Mean
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Determine the median of the numbers 30, 25, 25, 45, and 70.
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30
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Ricardo is writing a short report to let his client know the status of the client's project. Ricardo is writing a progress report.
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True
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Brandon is writing a report to his supervisor about using social network sites to improve communication with customers. His supervisor knows nothing about using social networks for marketing. What organizational style should Brandon use for his report?
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Indirect pattern
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The conclusions of a report
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should analyze information logically and show how the data answer questions and solve problems.
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Which of the following transitional expressions suggest cause and effect?
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Accordingly, as a result, consequently, therefore
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Analytical reports should be organized using which of the following patterns?
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Introduction/problem, facts/findings, discussion/analysis, conclusions/recommendations
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By condensing data you have collected into meaningful terms using various statistical techniques, you are more likely to be able to draw valid conclusions and make reasoned recommendations.
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True
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Analytical reports should always be prepared using an indirect organizational pattern.
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False
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Which statement about conclusions is least accurate?
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Report writers should try to draw conclusions that are subjective.
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Informational reports should be organized using which of the following patterns?
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Introduction/background, facts/findings, summary/conclusion
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During his research, Brett notices that employees who dress professionally in the workplace have higher productivity figures. Brett has identified a possible
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correlation
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Which statement most accurately describes recommendations?
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Recommendations should begin with an action verb.
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Andrew must recommend to his reluctant boss that the company allow employees to work a compressed workweek. Andrew's justification/recommendation report on this sensitive topic should be organized directly.
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False
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Which of the following is an example of a recommendation?
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Institute a wellness program to encourage employees to improve their health by adopting healthy habits.
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A good introductory paragraph for a business report should
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All of these choices.
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Select the best wording for a recommendation.
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Extend the campus café hours to meet the needs of evening students.
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Informational reports are usually organized using the direct pattern.
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True
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Numerical data from questionnaires or interviews are usually summarized using systematic columns and rows in a
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Table
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Sabrina is preparing headings for a report she is writing. What is the best advice you can give her as she creates her headings?
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Include at least one heading per report page.
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Gavin wants to encourage his boss to allow him to telecommute. What type of report will he most likely prepare?
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Justification/recommendation report
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Which of the following transitional expressions can be used to present additional thoughts?
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Again, also, moreover, furthermore
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You are responsible for recording the minutes of an important committee meeting. The best way to organize these minutes is by
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Time
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The headings Implementing Security Measures, Communicating With Employees, and Organize Teams are parallel.
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False
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Computer Professionals Magazine is presenting the verbal opinions of information technology experts on several leading voice-recognition devices. This information will be easiest to comprehend if presented in a pie chart.
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False
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What is the most accurate statement about correlations?
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Apparent correlations between two or more variables can stimulate investigation and present possible solutions to be explored.
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Which of the following headings does not belong with the others?
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Prevent Identify Theft
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When using the indirect organizational pattern, refer to the recommendation in the subject line.
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False
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Nick writes several monthly reports condensing financial articles he reads online. These are examples of informational reports.
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True
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Conclusions will usually be more objective if
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consistent criteria are used in evaluating options.
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The most widely read portions of a report are generally the sections devoted to
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conclusions and recommendations.
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Progress and interim reports
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describe the status of continuing projects.
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Much of the information that allows decision makers to run their organizations effectively comes to them in the form of
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Wikipedia entries.
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Because Keith is sure that his boss will be interested in Keith's recommendation for a new payroll procedure that Kevin is recommending be used for processing payroll; therefore, Keith should organize his recommendation report directly.
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true
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A report comparing three virus protection programs being considered for purchase would be most effective if organized by criteria.
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True
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Shauna has interviewed several of her colleagues to gather their ideas for improving productivity. She now has raw verbal data to analyze. What is the best tool to analyze raw verbal data?
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Grid
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Shane conducted research about ways to recruit high-quality job applicants and has developed a list of possible techniques. He has ranked these techniques and will present them in a report listed from most important reason to least important. What organizational method is Shane using?
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Importance
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Whenever possible, recommendations should be specific and practical.
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True
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Background, Findings, Staffing, and Budget are examples of
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functional headings.
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Chad has noticed that employees working in offices with windows have lower absentee rates. This correlation proves that offices with natural light are healthier for employees.
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False
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Good report introductions let readers know the purpose of the report, the significance of the topic, and the main points to be covered.
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True
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Claire will be including large amounts of data in a business report she is writing and wants to ensure that the data are meaningful to her readers. What should she do?
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Organize the data into tables
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Which of the following situations would require a yardstick report?
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Sam gathers information on three mid-range American-made automobiles to compare price, fuel economy, maintenance, insurance rates, and resale value before selecting a car for the company's sales force.
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What is the primary difference between informational and analytical reports?
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Informational reports emphasize facts, and analytical reports emphasize reasoning and conclusions.
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Use an informal, conversational writing style for most informational reports unless the audience expects a more formal tone.
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True
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Select the most accurate statement about organizing report data.
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Poorly organized reports lead to reader frustration.
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Orhan has been assigned the task of researching and recommending alarm systems for a new branch office. Some features are more important than others, and Orhan wants to be able to assign relative weights to each feature to make sure that he makes the best decision. He should use a(n)
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decision matrix.
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Capitalize all words in a heading, including articles, conjunctions, and short prepositions.
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False
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Leslie should use importance to organize an annual sales report covering the Medical Instruments Division, Computer Supplies Division, and Consumer Products Division.
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False
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The range for daily sales for the week, $89,000, $75,000, $98,000, $66,000, and $99,000 is
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$33,000
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The mode of the numbers 15, 40, 40, 25, 58, 62, and 30 is 40.
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True
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Conclusions and recommendations serve the same purpose.
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False
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An informational report presenting annual sales data for a restaurant's five branches would most likely be organized by
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component
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An effective report conclusion might be Both managers and classified staff members report that employee absenteeism has increased since the company's relocation.
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True
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A report that compares the services offered by four private security firms should be organized by
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criteria
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Report recommendations should use command language such as Begin using social network sites to market our products and services to customers.
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True
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To contrast responses of employees with children against responses of employees without children from a survey on attitudes toward on-site child care
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use cross-tabulation.
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A progress report on the status of construction of a new high-rise office building should describe the work that has been completed so far and explain the work currently in progress, including personnel, activities, methods, and locations.
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True
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Which of the following transitional expressions can be used to contrast ideas?
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At the same time, but, however, though, yet
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Which of the following is an example of a feasibility report?
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A report to determine whether a company should provide tuition reimbursement for its employees
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Transitional expressions such as furthermore, consequently, however, for example, and to conclude help report readers see the logical flow of ideas in a report.
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True
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Rochelle is writing a report in which she will recommend a new procedure for processing customer returns. This is an example of an analytical report.
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True
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Examples of talking report headings include Introduction, Background, Findings, and Conclusions.
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False
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Annette has been asked to determine whether employees should be allowed to select the fringe benefits they want from a menu of choices. Annette should write a yardstick report.
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False
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The primary reason that management often requires trip, convention, and conference reports is to
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find out whether the organization's money was well spent in funding the travel.
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The indirect pattern of organization is best for readers who
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must be persuaded.
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The direct pattern of organization is appropriate for reports whose audience
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is eager to learn the results quickly.
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Ernest is writing a report to determine which of three cities should be the site for a new branch office. To select the new site, he is comparing labor costs, tax breaks, housing costs, and land availability in each city. Ernest is most likely conducting a feasibility study.
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False
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Which statement is incorrect?
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Recommendations should be general.
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Which of the following is an analytical report?
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A report to determine whether a company should outsource its customer support function
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Periodic reports are written at irregular intervals when requested by management.
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True
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If you are writing an unsolicited proposal, your goal in the background section is to convince the reader that a problem exists.
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True
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Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the executive summary?
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A formal proposal may contain both an executive summary and an abstract.
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Solicited proposals are written when an individual or company sees a problem that needs to be solved and offers to solve it.
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True
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Which of the following is a useful guideline for citing sources in a formal business report?
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Include the retrieval date on which you located an electronic reference.
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Formal proposals must always be in submitted as printed documents.
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False
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Jacqueline must send the same formal report to several readers. What should she do?
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Prepare a special letter of transmittal for each, anticipating how each reader will use the report.
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In a formal report, the transmittal letter or memorandum usually
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highlights the report's findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
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Talking headings, such as Giving Our Sales Force the Tools They Need to Succeed, are more informative and interesting than functional headings.
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True
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If the RFP requests that an organization design an interactive Web site that will provide online customer support, the writer should repeat the language when explaining the purpose of the proposal.
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True
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In an introduction to a formal business report, the section that clarifies the boundaries of the report and defines what will be included or excluded is the
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scope
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Select the most accurate statement about proposals.
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Proposals are legal contracts.
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The actual proposal section of a proposal must
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tell what you propose to do and how it will benefit the reader.
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An appropriate statement to include in the letter of transmittal accompanying a formal proposal is This bid will be in effect until October 22, 2013.
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True
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In an introduction to a formal report, what section identifies who commissioned the report?
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Authorization
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Writers often include additional information in the introduction to a formal report. Which of the following would not be appropriate to include in the introduction?
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Providing a detailed analysis of the problem
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Proposals should be written carefully because they represent legal contracts.
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True
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The authorization request section of an informal proposal may include
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all of these choices.
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An abstract included with a formal proposal is typically
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One page long
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If your costs increase later, you can raise the prices listed in your proposal budget.
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False
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Wait until you've completed the report to prepare the table of contents.
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True
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The part of a formal report that highlights the important points for people who may not have time to read the entire report is the
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executive summary.
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Which of the following statements about business plans is least accurate?
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Business plans are generally written in response to RFPs.
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The table of contents for a short formal business report should
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include all headings.
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The staffing section of an informal proposal may
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All of these choices.
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Proposals are
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all of these choices.
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Which section of a proposal typically identifies the problem and discusses the goals or purposes of the project?
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Background
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Jill wants to write a persuasive business plan. What government agency will give her the most useful advice for writing the plan?
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Small Business Administration
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What is the most accurate statement about the title page of a formal report?
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The name of the person receiving the report comes before the author of the report.
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If you include a schedule of activities or timetable in your proposal, place it in the proposal section.
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True
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A letter of transmittal submitted with a formal proposal should
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briefly present the major features and benefits of the proposal.
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Tom is writing a solicited proposal in response to an RFP and is working on the background section. What is his goal in this section?
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To persuade the reader that he understands the problem completely
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The executive summary included in a formal proposal is generally more technically oriented than an abstract.
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False
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The longest and most substantive section of a formal business report is the
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Body
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The budget included in a proposal
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represents a contract.
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Formal proposals differ from informal proposals in size and format only.
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True
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Which of the following appears in the market analysis section of a business plan?
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All of these choices
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The conclusions should always be placed in a separate section following the body of a formal business report.
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False
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Most proposals begin by briefly explaining the reasons for the proposal and by highlighting the writer's qualifications.
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True
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Which of the following statements about formal business reports is least accurate?
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Formal reports are written for external audiences only.
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Preparing for Our Industry's Future is an example of a(n)
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talking heading.
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Proposals are written offers to solve problems, provide services, or sell equipment.
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True
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What is the best advice for preparing an executive summary of a formal business report?
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Begin the executive summary with your purpose.
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Most proposals are internal.
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False
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Most proposals are solicited.
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True
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Unsolicited proposals should
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convince the reader that a problem exists.
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Formal business reports are read by only the highest levels of management.
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False
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All formal proposals are written for external audiences, and all formal business reports are written for internal audiences.
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False
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Lydia's report contains sensitive topics that may upset her readers. What type of heading should she use in her formal business report?
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Functional headings
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Informal proposals should close with a reminder of key benefits as well as a request for approval.
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True
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The body of a formal business report is where you show the evidence that justifies your conclusions.
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True
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The executive summary of a formal business report should include high-level technical language to show your reader that you're knowledgeable about the topic.
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False
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Which statement does not describe the body of a formal business report?
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Incidental and supporting materials are placed strategically throughout the body of the report.
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As long as you have at least one table or figure in your proposal, a list of figures is required.
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False
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To avoid sounding repetitious in a formal business report,
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vary your presentation of the information slightly.
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The company description in a business plan should
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identify the form of your business and its business type.
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Do not begin writing your report until after you've drawn the primary conclusions.
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True
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The financial analysis section of a business plan should
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explain how much money you already have.
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Redesign the Web site to reduce the number of steps needed to place an order shows effective wording for a formal report recommendation.
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True
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The letter of transmittal and/or executive summary of a business plan should
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All of these choices.
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The introduction to a proposal typically
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highlights the writer's qualifications.
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Which of the following statements about business plans is least accurate?
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Investors are looking only for unique products or services.
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What do many investors consider to be the most important factor in assessing business potential?
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Whether your management team can implement the business plan
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Omit a mission statement from a business plan because investors won't expect you to have one until you actually start your business.
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False
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Which of the following statements would not be appropriate for a transmittal letter or memo?
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The questionnaire shown here was used to collect data for this report.
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In the financial analysis section of a business plan, include only a start-up budget since you're not expected to already know how much you'll need for your operating budget.
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False
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A copy of the RFP should be included in the front matter of a formal proposal.
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True
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Whether you're using the Modern Language Association (MLA) or the American Psychological Association (APA) referencing style, you should list all sources chronologically in the order you consulted them.
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False
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Executive summaries should always be limited to one page.
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False
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The appendixes of a business plan might include promotional materials and product photos.
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True
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Formal business reports are similar to formal proposals in that they both make offers.
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False
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A business plan is a form of proposal.
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True
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The best advice for preparing a formal business report is to
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record ideas quickly and save revision until after the first draft is completed.
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Use first-person pronouns such as I and we in a formal business report to make it sound more objective and believable.
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False
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In the introduction section of a proposal, which of the following would be the best way to persuade the receiver to read the rest of the proposal?
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Mention a remarkable resource available exclusively to you.
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The section of a formal business report that tells what the findings mean is the
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conclusion
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The section of a formal business report that makes precise suggestions for actions to solve the report problem is the
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recommendations
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The same information may be included in the letter of transmittal, executive summary, and introduction of a formal business report.
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True
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The section in the introduction to a formal business report that tells why the report topic is important is the
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significance
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An effective opening for an informal proposal might be We are pleased to submit this proposal describing how our ethics training program can help your employees make the best decisions when faced with ethical dilemmas on the job.
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True
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Many investors look carefully at the experience of the management team because they consider this the most important factor in assessing business potential.
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True
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The transmittal letter or memo that accompanies a formal business report is usually directly organized and written less formally than the report itself.
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True
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Which of the following components is typically included in a formal proposal but is optional in an informal proposal?
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Table of Contents
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The title page of a formal proposal should include
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...
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