AVA Certification Exam – Flashcards
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Circulatory System
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Divided into two major systems; Pulmonary and Systemic. Transports blood components, fluid, gas, nutrients and waste throughout body tissues at 5L per minute. Tissues send feedback via hormones for heart and vessels to regulate blood flow.
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Pulmonary System
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Directs blood flow from the right ventricle of heart to the lungs where it is oxygenated and returns to left atrium
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Systemic System
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Larger than pulmonary system. Consists of arteries arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins.
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Systemic Veins
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Defined as superficial, deep, and perforating
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Superficial Veins
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Located in superficial fascia. Focus of peripheral vascular access devices.
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Deep Veins
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Lie under muscle tissue and are enclosed in protective sheath of connective tissues along with arteries and nerves
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Perforating Veins
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Connect superficial and deep veins. Most are found in lower extremities, cephalice vein at the wrist and antecubital (AC)
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Basilic Vein
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Begins at ulnar side of forearm and extends across AC to lateral edge of chest. Becomes a deep vein above the AC
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Cephalic Vein
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Begins at lateral side of forearm and joins the axilarry vein in the shoulder. It is superficial
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Median Cubital Vein
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Superficial vein communicating between cephalic and basilic in AC area
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Brachial Vein
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2-3 Veins located in the muscles of upper arm
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Axillary Vein
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Deep vein that is a continuation of the basilic
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Axillary Artery
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Lies under the axillary vein
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External Jugular Vein
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Superficial vein in neck, joins subclavian vein at its midpoint
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Internal Jugular Vein
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Deep vein in neck
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Common Carotid Artery
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Lies parallel to internal jugular
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Subclavian Vein
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Continuation of axillary vein. Lies above the subclavian artery
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Brachiocephalic Vein
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Also known as the innominate vein, last location of venous valve before heart
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Superior Vena Cava
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Begins where the right and left brachiocephalic vessels join, it is about 7cm in length
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Three Layers of Veins
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Tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia
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Tunica Intima
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Inner most last of veins comprised of elastic endothelial lining which also forms valves.
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Tunica Media
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Middle layer of veins composed of muscular and elastic tissue. Contains vasodilator/constrictor nerve fibers.
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Tunica Adventitia
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Outer layer of vessels (veins and arteries) composed of connective fibers along length of vein.
