ASDFJKL; WORLD GEO.. – Flashcards
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| Geography |
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| Study of everything on Earth |
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| Cartography |
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| study of maps and map making |
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| Perspective |
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| Way a person looks at something |
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| Map Projections |
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| Different ways of presenting the Earth on flat maps |
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| Desired Qualities of a Map |
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| Distance Scales, Compass Rose, Legend, Other Elements |
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| Five Themes of Geography |
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| Location, Place, Human & Enviornmental Interaction, Movement, Region |
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| Latitude |
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| East-West drawn lines on a map |
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| Longitude |
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| North-South drawn lines on a map |
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| Equator |
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| Imaginary line circling the middle of the Earth between the North and South Pole |
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| Prime Meridian |
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| Imaginary line drawn from the North Pole to the South Pole |
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| International Date Line |
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| arbitrary line approximately along the 180th meridian designated as the place where each calander begins |
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| Map Scale Lines |
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| Latitude & Longitude |
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| Map Legend |
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| Something that identifys symbols on a map and what they represent |
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| Great Circle Route |
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| Shortest route between any two places on the planet |
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| GIS |
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| (Geographic Information System) System of hardware and software used for storage, retrieval, mapping, & analysis of geographic data |
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| Political Map |
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| Maps that show the world's borders, cities, countries, states, and other political features |
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| Physical Map |
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| Maps that show natural features, like rivers, mountains, and other bodies of water |
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| annon Domini |
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| (A.D.) Latin word for the year of our Lord, Jesus Christ |
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| Seven Continents (Largest to Smallest) |
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| Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia |
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| Four Oceans (Largest to Smallest) |
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| Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic |
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| Highest Mountain & its Location |
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| Mt. Everest; Nepal/Tibet |
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| 2nd Highest Mountain & its Location |
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| Mt. Godwin-Aussten; Location: China-Pakistan |
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| World's Longest Rivers |
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| 1. Nile; 2. Amazon; 3. Yangtze |
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| World's Largest Sea |
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| Caspian Sea |
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| World's Most Populated Countries |
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| China & India |
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| Rotation |
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| Spin of the Earth on its axis |
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| Revolution |
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| When the Earth goes around the sun |
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| Axis |
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| a straight imaginary line the earth rotates on |
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| Tilt of the Earth |
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| 23 1/2 degrees |
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| Tropic of Cancer |
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| section where sun's direct rays hit at their Northernly position at 23 1/2 degrees |
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| Tropic of Capricorn |
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| section where during the December solstice the Sun's rays are directly at 23 1/2 degrees south, below the equator |
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| Arctic Circle |
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| A place where no sunshine goes at 66 1/2 degrees north of the equator |
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| Antarctic Circle |
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| Gets 24 hours of daylight during the December solstice; 66 1/2 degrees South |
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| Equinox |
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| March 21, September 22 |
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| Solstice |
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| December 21, June 21 |
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| Tropics |
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| warm, low-latitude areas near the equator |
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| Polar Regions |
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| High-Latitude, cold regions around the North and South pole |
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| Weather |
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| Conditions of the atmosphere at a given time and place |
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| Climate |
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| Weather Conditions in a region over a long time |
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| Climate Graph |
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| Graphs showing average temprature and precipitation in a place |
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| Climate affected by: Latitude |
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| Places with high latitude ar ecolder |
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| Climate affected by: Air Masses |
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| A large homogenous body of air that has almost uniform conditions of temprature and humidity |
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| Climate affected by: Continental Location |
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| How close or far away from a large body of water a place is located |
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| Climate affected by: Elevation |
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| the temprature drops 3 2/3 degrees every 1000 ft. |
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| Climate affected by: Mountain Barriers |
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| A Rain Shadow will occur because of the Mountain Barriers |
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| Climate affected by: Ocean Currents |
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| River-like streams that redistribute warm and cold water |
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| Climate affected by: Pressure Cells/Wind Belts |
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| Prevailing winds fairly constant winds |
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| Climate affected by: Storms |
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| An Occurance of sever weather indicating a disturbed state of the atmosphere that arises from uplifted air |
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| Rain Shadow |
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| A drier area on the leeward side of a mountain range |
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| Global Warming |
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| Process in which Earth grows warmer over a period of time |
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| Greenhouse Effect |
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| Process in which Earth's atmosphere traps heat energy |
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| Atmosphere |
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| Envelopes of gases that surrounds a planet like Earth |
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| Lithosphere |
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| Solid crust of Earth |
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| Hydrosphere |
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| Earth's water in all of its forms |
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| Biosphere |
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| part of Earth that includes all life forms |
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| Tropical |
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| Warm, slow-latitude areas near the equator |
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| Continental |
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| Overland: Dry |
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| Humid |
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| containing a high amount of water or water vapor; noticeably moist: humid air; a humid climate |
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| Arctic |
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| Cold |
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| Maritime |
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| Over the sea; Wet |
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| Tundra |
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| Short cool summers; long cold winters |
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| Arid |
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| Dry |
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| Plate Techtonics |
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| Theory that Earth's crust is divided into rigid plates that slowly move across the upper mantle |
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| Continental Drift Theory |
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| theory the process by which Earth's plates slowly move across the upper mantle |
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| Pangea |
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| the theory that all continents were one big super continent |
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| Pacific Rim |
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| the part of the Pacific Ocean that touches land |
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| Ring of Fire |
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| techtonically active Region around the edges of the Pacific |
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| Plate Boundaries |
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| Divergent Boundaries, Convergent boundaries, Transforming Boundaries |
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| Earthquakes |
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| what happens when plates rub against another |
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| Volcanoes |
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| a vent in the crust of the Earth |
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| Hot Spot |
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| Place where magma wells up to the surface from Earth's mantle |
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| Faults |
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| places where rocks have been broken apart and are moving away from each other |
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| Folds |
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| places where rocks have been compressed into bends by colliding plates |
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| Mt. Tambora |
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| had the biggest outburst of volcanic activity ever in history (1815) "A Year Without Sun" |
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| Mt. Vesuvius |
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| had the first volcanic eruption described in detail |
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| Richter Scale |
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| A scale ranging from 1 to 10, for indicating the intensity of an earthquake |
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| San Andreas Fault |
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| an active strip-like fault in the western U.S. extending from San Francisco to Southern California and forming an on-land portion of the western margin of the North American Plate |
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| Seismic Waves |
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| shock waves in solid rock generated by earthquakes or underground explosives |
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| Hurricanes |
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| a violent, tropical, cyclone storm |
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| Tsunami |
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| an unusuall large sea wave produced by a seaquake or undersea volcanic eruption |
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| Overpopulation |
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| to fill with an excessive number of people, straining resources and facilities |
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| Doubling Time |
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| Amount of time for a given population to double based on the annual growth rate |
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| Birth Rate |
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| annual number of births per 1000 total population |
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| Death Rate |
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| Annual number of deaths per 100 total population |
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| Rate of Natural Increase |
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| Birth Rate - Death Rate = RNI |
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| Carrying Capacity |
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| Number of people who can be supported by a sustainable level in an area given resources and technology |
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| Infant Mortality Rate |
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| Annual number of infant deaths under the age of one year per 1000 births |
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| Current World Population |
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| 6.4 billion |
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| Estimated Doubling Time |
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| 50 years |
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| Developed Countries (List) |
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| Compressed of all of Europe (including Russia), USA, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Australia |
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| Meaning of the Dividing Developed/Undeveloped Countries Line |
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| All developed countries are above the line, developing countries are below the line |
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| Culture |
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| all features of a people's way of life |
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| Ethnic Groups |
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| Human populations that share a common culture or ancestry |
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| Assimilation |
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| loss of all ethnic traits |
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| Diffusion |
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| a process occuring when an idea or innovation spreads from one person or group to another and is adopted |
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| Innovation |
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| New idea that a culture accepts |
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| Ethnocentrism |
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| Thinking That one's own group is superior |
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| Nation |
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| a community of people composed of one or more nationalities and possessing a more or less defined territory and government |
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| Country |
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| An indefinite extended expanse of land |
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| Custom |
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| a usage or practise common to many or to a particular place or class or habitat within an individual |
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| Developed Countries Characteristics |
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| People are relatively well-off, most are well educated & highly skilled, most live in cities, few work in agriculture, many work in manufacturing and services, transport and communication networks are well developed, energy consumprion is high, Enviornmental control is high, people live long, Population is table/growing slowly. Everything is awesome, and we over use and take for granted things |
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| Developing Countries Characteristics |
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| People are relatively poor, most people ar enot well educated, most people live in rural areas or urban slums, many work in agriculture, few work in factories and services, transport & communication networks are not well developed, Energy consumption is low, Enviornmental Control is Low, and people don't live long, population growth is rapid. Everything sucks. |
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| Shantytown |
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| poor town or section of a town |
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| Pull Factors of Migration |
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| Good economy resources (abundant), climate, opportunities |
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| Push Factors |
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| Corrupt economy, lack of resources, intoleratable climate |
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| Refugees |
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| People who have been forced to leave their homes and cannot return |
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| Pop Culture |
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| Popular beliefs or ways of doing something |
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| Folk Culture |
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| Traditional old customs |
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| Globalization |
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| Process in which connections around the world increase and cultures become more alike |
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| Market Economy |
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| Economic system in which people choose freely what to do and sell |
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| Free Enterprise |
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| System that lets competition amoung buisness determine the price of products |
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| Commmand Economy |
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| Economic system in which the government deicdes what to produce, where to make it, and what to charge |
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| Totaltarian Government |
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| Government in which one person or a small group of people rule a country and in which the people have no say |
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| Democracy |
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| System of government in which the people decide who will govern |
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| Diplomacy |
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| skill in handleing affairs without arousing hostility |
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| Taiffs |
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| taxes on imports and exports |
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| Quotas |
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| (in trade matters) limits on the amount of a product that can be imported |
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| (GPD) Gross Domestic Product |
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| only those goods & services created within the country |
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| Infrastructure |
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| System of roads, parts, and other facilities needed by a modern economy |
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| Domestication |
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| Process in which people grow plants and tame the animals for their own use |
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| Urbaization |
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| Growth in the proportion of people living in towns and cities |
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| (CBD) Central Buisness District |
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| Transportation hubs where roads, railroads and buisnesses and buses come together |
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| Subsistence Agriculture |
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| Agricultural system in which farmers grow products to sell to consumers |
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| Market-Oriented Agriculture |
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| Agricultural System in which farmers grow products to sell to consumers |
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| Agribuisness |
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| Operation of specialized Commercial farms for more efficiency and profits |
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| Shifting Agriculture Hint: (Slash & Burn) |
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| process in which farmers clear trees or brush for short-term planting of crops before moving on to clear another area |
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| Pastoralism |
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| Type of subsistence agriculture involving herding animals |
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| 2nd Largest Country |
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| Canada |
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| 3rd Largest Country |
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| America |
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| Trade Relationship of Canada & U.S. |
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| Closest & most extensive in the world America and Canada are bros. |
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| NAFTA |
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| North American Free Trade Agreement |
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| U.S. & Canada border |
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| 49th Parallel (a real latitude coordinate) is what sets the border line |
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| U.S. & Canada History |
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| Both began as colonies of European powers. America broke its Britain ties through war, Canada retained their ties |
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| Fall Line |
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| Imaginary line, marked by waterfalls and rapids, where rivers descend abruptly from an upland to lowland |
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| Piedmont |
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| Plateu between the coastal plain and the Appalachian Mountains, including parts of west Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia & Alabama |
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| Continental Divide |
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| Divide separating river systems that flow to opposite sides of the continent |
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| Mt. McKinley |
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| A mountain in central Alaska; highest peak in North America |
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| Mt. Logan |
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| Mountain in Canada; 2nd highest North American peak |
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| Appalachian Mountains |
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| Mountain range in North American, extends from Southern Quebec, to Norther Alabama |
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| Rocky Mountains |
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| Chief Mountain System in North America extending from central new Mexico to Northern Alaska |
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| Sierra Nevada |
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| Mountain range in East california Highest Point: Mt. Whitney |
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| Mississippi River |
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| Flowing South From Northern Minnesota to the gulf of Mexico |
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| Hudson Bay |
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| Large Inland Sea in Northern Canada |
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| Great Lakes |
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| Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, Ontario |
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| Canadian Shield |
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| Extensive region making up much of northern and central Canada |
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| Great Plains |
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| Semi-arid region East of the Rocky Mountains (in U.S. and Canada) |
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| Atlantic Coastal Plain |
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| Relatively flat land form South East of U.S. |
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| St. Lawrence Sea Way |
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| series of channels, locks, & canals between Montreal and the mouth of Lake Ontario |
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| Fossil Fuels |
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| Any combustible organic material, as oil, coal, or natural gas, derived from the remains of life |
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| Federal System of Government |
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| A type of government that divides the powers of government between the national (federal) government and state & local governments |
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| Canada's Provinces, & Territories with Capitals |
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| Explaining Slide, no brain work really needed |
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| Yukon |
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| Whitehorse |
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| Northwest Territories |
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| Yellowknife |
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| Nunavut |
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| Iqaluit |
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| British Columbia |
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| Victoria |
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| Alberta |
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| Edmonton |
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| Saskatchewan |
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| Regina |
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| Manitoba |
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| Winnipeg |
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| Ontario |
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| Ottowa |
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| Quebec |
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| Quebec City |
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| New Brunswick |
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| Frederickton |
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| Prince Edward Island |
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| Charlottetown |
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| Nova Scotia |
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| Haliflax |
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| Newfoundland |
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| St. John's |
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| Parliament |
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| Legislative body in any various other countries |
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| Canada's Current Prime Minister |
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| Steven Harper |
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| Canada's Most Populated City |
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| Toronto |
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| Canada's Most Populated Province |
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| Ontario |
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| Canada's Largest Province |
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| Quebec |
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| Canada's Newest Territory |
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| Nunavut |
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| Maritime Region Characteristics |
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| Rural resource based economies (fishing, agriculture, forestry, coal mining) |
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| Prairie Provinces Characteristics |
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| Made up of Alberta, Saskatchewan, & Manitoba |
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| Great Lakes & St. Lawrence Seaway provinces |
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| Most heavily populated |
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| British Columbia & Territories Characteristics |
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| Oil and Uranium are there |
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| Megaopolis |
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| Large city made up of surrounding areas |
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| Metropolitan |
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| pertaining to a large city, its surrounding suburbs and other neighboring communities |
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| Arable |
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| a place that's good for crop growing |
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| Silicon Valley |
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| An industrial strip in West California extending South of San Francisco in which U.S. information Technology industry is contracted |
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| Wheat Belt |
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| The Region of the U.S. Interior West specializing in growing wheat |
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| Rust Belt |
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| area in U.S. named after the many closed down businesses |
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| Corn Belt |
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| Region in midwestern U.S. where corn has come from |
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| Dairy Belt |
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| Region of U.S. midwest specializing in Dairy products |
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| Canal 2000 |
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| alter disputs over sovernegnty |
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| Angel Falls |
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| World's Largest Waterfall |
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| Lake Titicaca |
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| lake between Bolivia and Peru at an elevation of 12,500 feet (3,810 m) |
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| Guachos |
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| South American cowboy from the Pampas |
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| Pampas |
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| Wide fertile grasslands in Southern America |
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| Subduction |
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| action or process of one crustal plate decending below the edge of another |
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| Patagonia |
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| Arid region of plains and windswept plateaus in southern Argentina |
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| Atacama Desert |
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| Desert in Northern Chile |
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| Mt. Aconcagua |
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| South America's highest peak |
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| Amazon River & Rain Forest |
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| Major River & forest in South America |
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| Iguazu Falls |
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| Area of Falls over 2 miles in width |
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| Lake Maracaibo & oil |
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| Important oil producing region (has 6% of world's oil |
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| Cacao |
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| Type of tree from which we get cacao |
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| Favelas |
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| Large Slums around Brazilian Cities |
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| Mouth |
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| A place where a river or stream enters a large body of water |
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| Delta |
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| Alluva deposite at the mouth of a river |
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| Source |
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| point of origin |
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| Rio de la Plata |
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| estuary between Argentina & Uruga in South America |
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| Mestizos |
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| people with African & European ancestry |
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| Maquiladoras |
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| Special factories in Mexico owned mainly by American Companies |
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| South America Countries and Capitals |
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| Yep. |
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| Mexico |
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| Mexico City |
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| Guatamala |
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| Guatamala City |
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| Belize |
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| Belmopan |
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| El Salvador |
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| San Salvador |
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| Honduras |
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| Tegucigalpa |
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| Nicargua |
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| Managua |
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| Costa Rica |
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| San Jose |
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| Panama |
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| Panama City |
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| Columbia |
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| Bogata' |
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| Venezuela |
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| Caracas |
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| Guyana |
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| Georgetown |
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| Suriname |
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| Paramaribo |
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| French Gulana |
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| Cayenne |
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| Brazil |
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| Brasilia |
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| Ecuador |
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| Quito |
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| Peru |
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| Linda |
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| Bolivia |
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| La Paz |
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| Paraguay |
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| Asuncion |
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| Uraguay |
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| Montevideo |
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| Argentina |
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| Buenas Aires |
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| Cuba |
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| Havana |
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| Jamacia |
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| Kingston |
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| Haiti |
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| Port-au-France |
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| Dominican Republic |
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| Santo Domingo |
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| Puerto Rico |
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| San Juan |
