Arthrology: They Study of Joints – Flashcards
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Arthrology
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The study of joints
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Joint (Articulation)
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Sites where two or more bones meet
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Fibrous Joints
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Type of joint based on structure (i.e. binding material): Bones joined by fibrous connective tissue, not joint cavity. The amount of movement permitted depends on the length of the connective tissue fibers holding the bones together. There are 3 types of this joint.
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Cartilaginous Joints
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Type of joints based on structure (i.e. binding material): Bones joined by cartilage: no joint cavity. There are 2 types of this joint.
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Synovial Joints
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Type of joints based on structure (i.e. binding material): Articulating bones are separated by a fluid-containing joint cavity. 6 types of this join based on structure.
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Synarthrosis Joints
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Type of joints based on function (i.e. amount of movement): Immovable joint. Fibrous joints.
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Amphiarthrosis Joints
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Type of joints based on function (i.e. amount of movement): Slightly moveable joint. Cartilaginous joints.
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Diarthrosis
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Type of joints based on function (i.e. amount of movement): Freely moveable joint. Synovial joints.
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Suture
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A type of fibrous joint. Very short fibers connect the interlocking edges of articulating bones; occurs only between bones of the skull; is also synarthrotic joints. Held tightly with little fibers. Movement: Immovable Examples: Sutures of skull
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Syndesmosis
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A type of fibrous joint. Ligaments connect the two bones; is either synarthroic or amphiarthrotic joints. Slightly longer fibers. Movement: Slight "give" Examples: Tibia to fibula
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Gomphosis
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A type of fibrous joint. A peg-in-socket joint; only example is a tooth in the alveolar process of the mandible or maxillae bones; is synarthrotic joints.
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Synchondrosis
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A type of Cartilaginous Joint. Bar or plate of Hyaline cartilage joins bones; is synarthrosis joints. Movement: None Examples: 1st costal cartilage to sternum
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Symphyses
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A type of Cartilaginous joints. A pad or plate of fibrocartilage between bones; is amphiarthrotic joints. Movement: Slight movement Examples: Pubic bones and intervertebral discs
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Distinguishing Features of Synovial Joints
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1) Articular Cartilage 2) Joint or Synovial Cavity 3) Articular Capsule - 2 parts: a) Fibrous Capsule b) Synovial Membrane 4) Synovial Fluid 5) Reinforcing Ligaments Every type of this joint has these features. Most types of joints are this. Lots of movement, free movement.
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Plane Joints
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A type of Synovial Joint based on structure. Movement: Small surfaces slide/glide on each other. Examples: Facets of vertebrae
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Hinge Joints
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A type of Synovial Joint based on structure. Movement: Movement in one plane Example: Knee
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Pivot Joints
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A type of Synovial Joint based on structure. Movement: Movement around a single axis. Rotation on axis. Examples: First cervical vertebra on 2nd. Allows you to perform the "no" movement with your head
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Condyloid Joints
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A type of Synovial Joint based on structure. Movement: Two directions of movement Examples: Wrist
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Ball and socket joints
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A type of Synovial Joint based on structure. Movement: Move in many axes with common center Examples: Hip, shoulder
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Saddle Joints
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A type of Synovial Joint based on structure. Movement: Movement in two planes Examples: Carpometacarpal joint of thumb
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Synovial Cavity
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contains synovial fluid that reduces the friction of movement
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Articular cartialge
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(a form of hyaline cartilage)- provides protection for the ends of bones during movement.
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Synovial Membrane
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lines the cavity and produces the synovial fluid.
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Articular capsule
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greatly thickened continuation of peristeum surrounding the joint. In a few joints, this extends between the bones as an articular disc diving the cavity in two.
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Pubic symphysis
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What is the joint? Type: Symphysis Movements: Slight "give"
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Sacrolilac
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What is the joint? Type: Part synchondrosis Part diathrosis Movements: No movement in part; slight gliding movment
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Hip
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What is the joint? Type: Diathrosis (ball and socket) Movements: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation
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Knee (between the femur and tibia)
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What is the joint? Type: Diathrosis (hinge) Movements: Flexion, extension, slight rotation
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Proximal ends of tibia and fibula
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What is the joint? Type: Diathrosis (gliding) Movements: Gliding
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Distal ends of tibia and fibula
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What is the type? Type: Synarthrosis (syndesmosis) Movements: Slight "give"
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Ankle (between the distal tibia and fibula, and the talus)
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What is this joint? Type: Diarthrosis (hinge) Movements: Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion
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Ankle (between the calcaneus and the talus)
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What is this joint? Type: Diarthrosis (gliding) Movements: Inversion, eversion
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Between the tarsals and metatarsals
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What is this joint? Type: Diathrosis (gliding) Movements: Gliding
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Metatarsophalangeal (MP)
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What is this joint? Type: Diarthrosis (condyloid) Movements: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
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Interphalangeal (IP)
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What is this joint? Type: Diathrosis (hinge) Movements: Flexion, extestion
