ART103 Midterm - Flashcards

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The context in a work of art refers to _______. a. its form b. its size c. its ideas d. its media

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c. its ideas

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Content and form are interchangeable in a work of art. a. true b. false

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b. false

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Regardless of culture, content is always readily apparent in a work of art. a. true b. false

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b. false

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Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy that deals with .... a. all of these answers b. effects of art on individuals and cultures c. art sources d. art forms e. art

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b. effects of art on individuals and cultures

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Art is always a serious endeavor and never functions as entertainment. a. true b. false

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b. false

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Ancient Egypt had an ever-changing artistic style. a. true b. false

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b. false

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Art is a _______ phenomenon. a. natural b. human c. scientific d. geographical

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b. human

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Fine art and popular culture often share the same images. a. true b. false

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a. true

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Definitions of ART are: a. timeless b. evolving c. absolute d. thematic e. universal

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b. evolving

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Every culture, both past and present, has a word that corresponds to ours for art. a. true b. false

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b. false

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Art has several functions, including: (choose best answer) a. commemorates the dead b. protesting political and social injustice c. promotes cohesion within a social group d. all of these answers e. entertains

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d. all of these answers

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Craft refers to which of the following? a. sculpture b. ceramics c. architecture d. painting

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b. ceramics

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Pop culture art includes: a. gallery displays b. museum works c. art history slides d. calendars

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d. calendars

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The components of an art work include perception, response, creativity, and _________. a. beauty b. energy c. quality d. expression

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d. expression

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Art is primarily a _________ medium that is used to express our ideas about our human experiences and the world around us. a. visual b. human c. historical d. spiritual

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a. visual

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In a work of art, the word "composition" refers to _________. a. the physical material used by the artist b. the physical texture of the work c. the technical style used by the artist d. the arrangement of the formal elements of art

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d. the arrangement of the formal elements of art

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Regular shapes are______________; irregular shapes are____________. a. organic and biomorphic b. organic and geometric c. biomorphic and two-dimensional d. geometric and organic

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d. geometric and organic

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Rythm in art is demonstrated by the_______________ of one or more of the elements of art. a. emphasis b. balance c. subordination d. repetition

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d. repetition

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Post and lintel construction is shown by: a. an Egyptain pyramid b. an igloo c. Chartres cathedral d. the Temple of Athena Nike

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d. the Temple of Athena Nike

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Lines in art can be either _______________ or _________________. a. actual or implied b. formal or informal c. tonal or atonal d. dotted or real

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a. actual or implied

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The wedge-shaped stones in arches are called_________________. a. arcades b. voussoirs c. buttresses d. piers

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b. voussoirs

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Texture and pattern are related, because if a pattern is___________ in size, it is often perceived as a textue and if a texture is____________ in size, it is seen as a pattern. a. increased and reduced b. reduced and increased

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b. reduced and increased

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Angkor Wat is an example of a building complex with______________ balance. a. asymmetrical b. radial c. symmetrical d. casual

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b. radial

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Eaves and_______________ go together in construction. a. cantilevers b. thatch c. arches d. lintels

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a. cantilevers

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Steel-frame construction has been likened to _________________. a. reinforced concrete b. load-bearing buildings c. a hard shell d. a skeleton

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d. a skeleton

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The Greek__________ order was considered______________; the Ionic order was considered_______________. a. Doric/masculine/feminine b. Ionic/feminine/masculine c. Ionic/masculine/feminine d. Corinthian/ feminine/masculine

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a. Doric/masculine/feminine

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Intensity refers to a color's ______________ or _____________. a. spectrum or value b. pigments or available light c. lightness or darkness d. brightness or dullness

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d. brightness or dullness

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The symbolic use of red and green at Christmas pertains to the use of _________________ colors on the color wheel. a. analogous b. complementary c. local d. emotional

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b. complementary

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Emphasis is the creation of one or more focal points in an artwork. a. True b. False

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a. True

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Recent innovations in structural systems include____________. a. concrete b. load-bearing walls c. arches d. reinforced concrete

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d. reinforced concrete

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Load-bearing construction is usually characterized by: a. much air and light b. large size c. many openings in the walls d. few openings in the walls

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d. few openings in the walls

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Analogous colors are________________ each other on the color wheel. a. horizontally across from b. next to c. diagonally across from d. opposite

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b. next to

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Rectangular glass-covered boxlike buildings are examples of the________________ style. a. Corinthian b. geodesic c. free-form d. International

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d. International

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The space in paintings is referred to as _____________. a. planar b. two-dimensional c. three-dimensional d. created

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a. planar

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Value in art refers to ___________________ and _______________. a. brightness and dullness b. lightness and darkness c. worth and price d. artificial and natural

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b. lightness and darkness

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Artists drawing only the outlines of an object are using______________ lines. a. textural b. contour c. gesture d. tonal

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b. contour

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Trusses are_____________ shaped construction supports. a. triangular b. cantilevered c. rectangular d. arched

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a. triangular

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Diagonal lines imply_______________. a. calm b. movement c. peace d. growth

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b. movement

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An achromatic value scale doesn't utilize _________. a. illumination b. tones c. colors d. grays

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c. colors

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Horizontal lines mostly suggest ___________. a. confusion b. action c. rest d. adventure

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c. rest

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Tempera, gouache, and watercolor are all waterbased paint media. 1. True 2. False

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1. True

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Because oil paints dry quickly, it is difficult for artists to make changes to their paintings. 1. True 2. False

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2. False

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The various branches of art making activity, like painting or sculpture, are called ___________. 1. disciplines 2. media 3. avante guard 4. museology

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1. disciplines

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The actual material substances used to create an artwork are called media. 1. True 2. False

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1. True

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__________ sculptures are meant to be viewed from all sides. 1. Bas relief 2. Haute relief 3. Assemblage 4. Freestanding

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4. Freestanding

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The ____ is an early type of photographic process. 1. photomontage 2. stereoscope 3. daguerreotype 4. cire perdue

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3. daguerreotype

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A silverpoint drawing is _________________. 1. made by using a thin stylis made of silver 2. a drawing of an exotic bird found largely in Indonesia 3. made by using metalic colored chalks or pastels 4. a preliminary sketch for a relief print

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1. made by using a thin stylis made of silver

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__________ is a type of printmaking process which uses a slab of limestone or metal and oily crayons, pencils or liquid. 1. Aquatint 2. Serigraphy 3. Drypoint 4. Lithography

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4. Lithography

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A marble sculpture made by cutting away stone is made in a ____ process. 1. haute relief 2. subtractive 3. constructed 4. additive

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2. subtractive

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Gouache is a type of watercolor with white chalk added to it to create an opaque paint. 1. False 2. True

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2. True

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Some contemporary artists use the craft of quilting as an art medium. 1. True 2. False

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1. True

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A graphite rod in a wood or metal holder is called _________. 1. silverpoint 2. a pencil 3. a conte crayon 4. charcoal

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2. a pencil

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Some of the oldest surviving paintings were made on ___________. 1. large wooden boats 2. carved totems 3. earthen floors 4. clay vessels

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4. clay vessels

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Gesso is a white, paintlike substance that is brushed onto paper or canvas to serve as a ground for painting or drawing. 1. True 2. False

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1. True

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From an art historical perspective, drawing is one of the newest forms of art making. 1. True 2. False

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2. False

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Unlike most printmaking processes, monoprinting is a type of printmaking which makes only one copy of an image. 1. False 2. True

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2. True

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In _______ printing, areas which are not to be printed are cut away from the printing surface, so the areas to be printed are left higher. 1. monotype 2. drypoint 3. screen 4. relief

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4. relief

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The word "intaglio" comes from the Italian verb meaning __________. 1. to make colorful 2. to cut into 3. to add to 4. to throw away

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2. to cut into

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A(n) ____ print is an example of a relief print. 1. serigraphy 2. intaglio 3. lithography 4. woodblock

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4. woodblock

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The surface or material that underlies a two-dimensional work of art is called the _________. 1. pigment 2. slip 3. support 4. plate

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3. support

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A subtext of Hopper's Nighthawks would be __________. 1. hope and renewal 2. a sense of romance and adventure 3. magic and transformation 4. a sense of impending doom or entrapment

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4. a sense of impending doom or entrapment

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The Tlaloc Vessel is frontal and symmetrical, which is symbolic of _________. 1. ambiguity 2. playfulness 3. informality 4. formality

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4. formality

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From the moment a work of art is made, its content is subject to change. 1. False 2. True

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2. True

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The role of the art critic is ___________________. 1. define popular taste in art 2. to describe works of art and evaluate their significance 3. to research art of the past and art of other cultures 4. to write material for museum exhibitions

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2. to describe works of art and evaluate their significance

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Formal analysis is important because it is helpful in understanding the ________ of a work of art. 1. design 2. meaning 3. importance 4. quality

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2. meaning

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Symbols are culturally determined and cannot be taught. 1. False 2. True

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1. False

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Ideological criticism deals with a work of art's ___________ significance. 1. economic 2. social 3. political 4. religious

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3. political

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Iconography uses ________ to suggest concepts and ideas. 1. writing 2. figures 3. paint 4. symbols

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4. symbols

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The Guerrilla Girls are a group dedicated to __________________. 1. feminist criticism 2. jungle fighting 3. changing fashion 4. apes and chimpanzees

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1. feminist criticism

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The most obvious factor in determining the content of a work of art is its subject matter. 1. True 2. False

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1. True

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Artistic metaphors and symbols are: 1. culturally determined 2. elements which represent some other concept 3. elements which are descriptive of something else 4. all of these

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4. all of these

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Dona Schlesier's mixed-media piece Setting Cycles has a subject matter, which is ______________. 1. devoid of meaning 2. historical 3. the materials used to make the piece 4. autobiographical

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3. the materials used to make the piece

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Content is about a work of art's _______. 1. shape 2. beauty 3. theme 4. size

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3. theme

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Art historians and art critics from different periods of time often have the same interpretations of the same works of art. 1. True 2. False

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2. False

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Feminist criticism deals with ________ in art. 1. prejudice 2. gender 3. psychoanalysis 4. postmodernism

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2. gender

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Deconstruction involves the belief that any image has ______________ of meanings. 1. a religiously determined set 2. a multiplicity 3. only one set 4. a universal set

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2. a multiplicity

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The subtext in an artwork refers to ________________. 1. noticeable areas of secondary dominance 2. its underlying theme or message 3. its working title 4. critical writings about its meaning

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2. its underlying theme or message

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Context refers to the social and ___________ conditions that encompass a work of art. 1. critical 2. structural 3. symbolic 4. political

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4. political

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Structuralists believe that in order to understand a work of art, one must study the structure of art and the complex ______________ of all its parts. 1. interrelationship 2. ideology 3. none of these choices 4. iconography

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1. interrelationship

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Psychoanalytic criticism helps to interpret artwork with strong ___________ content. 1. emotional 2. religious 3. social 4. preconceived

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1. emotional

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King Louis XIV founded the Royal Academy (Academie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture) in 1648 in France. 1. True 2. False

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1. True

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The opposite of an artist working on a commission is an artist working on ___________. 1. auction 2. contract 3. exchange 4. speculation

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4. speculation

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The pyramids of ancient Egypt served the purposes of the _________. 1. priests 2. farmers 3. artists 4. rulers

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4. rulers

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In medieval Europe, specialized societies called _________ preserved technical information for artists and regulated art making. 1. guilds 2. fabbricanti 3. academies 4. masons

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1. guilds

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Leonardo felt that observation was central to _________ and art. 1. science 2. technology 3. nature 4. physics

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1. science

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Artists who haven't been trained in academies and who work outside the mainstream of art are referred to as _________. 1. interns 2. naïve 3. self-taught 4. populist

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3. self-taught

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The first academy in Europe started in the ___________ century. 1. sixteenth 2. fourteenth 3. fifteenth 4. twelfth

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3. fifteenth

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Two factors that influenced the growth and popularity of museums were: 1. capitalism and colonialism 2. religion and spirituality 3. aesthetics and education 4. government and politics

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1. capitalism and colonialism

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An example of artistic collaboration is the _______________. 1. Nightway: Whirling Logs 2. Male Torso 3. Birds of America 4. Painting from a Cult House

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3. Birds of America

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Artists such as Leonardo and Michelangelo were trained by the ____________ method. 1. apprentice 2. experiential 3. Socratic 4. university

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1. apprentice

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The view of an artist as a creative genius rather than a skilled worker began to form in Europe during the ________________. 1. Medieval Period 2. Baroque 3. Impressionist Movement 4. Renaissance

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4. Renaissance

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Some Navajo rituals are known for their _______ paintings, in which pigments are sprinkled directly onto the earth to create symbols and sacred images. 1. sand 2. oil 3. acrylic 4. chalk

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1. sand

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__________ is the first artist in recorded history and was associated with the concept of genius. 1. Imhotep 2. Leonardo da Vinci 3. King Louis XIV 4. Michelangelo Buonnaroti

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1. Imhotep

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Persia's "kitab-khana" were ____________ that made illuminated manuscripts. 1. guilds 2. libraries 3. factories 4. artists

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2. libraries

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The pyramids of Egypt are an example of art as a _______ activity. 1. social 2. personal 3. power-driven 4. political

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1. social

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One example of a museum dedicated only to contemporary art is the: 1. Cairo Museum 2. Guggenheim Museum 3. Qin Figures Museum 4. British Museum

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2. Guggenheim Museum

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Art is kept by various cultures for the following reasons: 1. aesthetic 2. political 3. religious 4. all of these choices

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4. all of these choices

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Museums became common in _________ during the nineteenth century. 1. North America 2. Asia 3. Africa 4. Europe

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4. Europe

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Art created for the tourist market generally helps local art production to ___________. 1. decrease 2. fail 3. survive 4. increase

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3. survive

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An example of a community art work is the ________________. 1. Tamaya Teahouse 2. Sistine Ceiling 3. Spiral Jetty 4. AIDS Memorial Quilt

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4. AIDS Memorial Quilt

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Trajan's Market has tabernas whose form and arrangement suggests a ______________. 1. shopping mall 2. kiva 3. multistoried skyscraper 4. Navajo pueblo

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1. shopping mall

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Coe's There Is No Escape is from a series condemning the meat industry called ____. 1. Porkopolis 2. Slaughterhouse Five 3. Beefopolis 4. Animal Farm

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1. Porkopolis

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Salt was considered so valuable that it was a source of wealth; the European nobility used elaborate saltcellars as a ____. 1. ritual object 2. weapon 3. status symbol 4. source of trade

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3. status symbol

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The ancient Chinese made ____ vessels for storing wine. 1. ceramic 2. bronze 3. clay 4. brass

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2. bronze

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Australian Aboriginals painted "contour maps" indicating food and water locations; these maps were then ____ after a ritual celebration. 1. hidden 2. destroyed 3. preserved 4. painted over

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2. destroyed

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As its name suggests, the ancient Greek ____ was used for carrying and storing water. 1. fountainhead 2. hydria 3. hydrant 4. vase

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2. hydria

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Examples of ancient communities in which homes were close together in the same style include Catal Huyuk and ____. 1. Villa Rotonda 2. Pueblo Bonito 3. Lascaux 4. Habitat

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2. Pueblo Bonito

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Prehistoric artists painted images in the ____ of the caves. 1. front 2. shelter 3. back 4. outside

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2. shelter

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Bruegel's The Harvesters showed the place of ____ within the landscape. 1. the nobility 2. humans 3. animals 4. wheat

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2. humans

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In the early twentieth century, still life paintings were not concerned with ____. 1. food as sustenance 2. food as opulence 3. food as honor 4. food as political statement

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1. food as sustenance

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Lascaux's images probably had a(n) ____ purpose linked to nature's bounty. 1. practical 2. ritual 3. political 4. religious

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2. ritual

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The architect __________, who designed one of the first innovative tall buildings of the twentieth century, believed that "form follows function" in architecture. 1. Frank Lloyd Wright 2. Louis Sullivan 3. I.M. Pei 4. R. Buckminster Fuller

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2. Louis Sullivan

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Mu Qi's Six Persimmons emphasizes ____ in life. 1. the importance of food 2. meditation and simplicity 3. the keys to regularity 4. the beauty of fruit

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2. meditation and simplicity

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The Pomo tribal baskets, covered with feathers and shells were made as ceremonial ____. 1. jewelry 2. gifts 3. offerings 4. hope chests

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2. gifts

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Warhol's work, such as Heinz 57 Tomato Ketchup celebrated the commercial art of ____. 1. food manufacturing 2. packaging 3. illustrating 4. advertising

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2. packaging

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Ritual meals include: 1. all of these choices 2. meetings of government figures 3. weddings 4. religious ceremonies 5. holidays

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1. all of these choices

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Because water is essential for survival, various cultures have developed inventive systems for storing liquids using a variety of materials, including ________. 1. clay 2. straw 3. leather 4. all of these choices

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4. all of these choices

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High vs. Low Art

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High Art- typically displayed in art museums; refined objects of supreme cultural achievements of the human race Low Art (Popular Art)- art that is more accessible inexpensive, entertaining, commercial, touristy, etc. (ex. tourist art, adverOsing, posters, calendars, etc.) -Kitsch, Anime, & CraI are subcategories of "Pop"

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Describe how the artwork "Tan Tan Bo" by artist Takashi Murakami fits into both high and low art?

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High Art= One of a kind, large, expensive, difficult to see the original (only in museums), best of contemporary Japanese art Low Art= Popular culture imagery used in this painting, artist Murakami designs high- end mass produced objects and reproductions from his studio

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Disciplines and Media in Art (5 each)

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Disciplines and Media for each: 1. Drawing; dry or wet media: silverpoint 2. Printmaking; woodblock, stone, or stencil 3. Painting; pigments and binder (oil or acrylic paint) 4. Fabrics, Needlework, and Weaving; quilting 5.

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Explain the production and function of the "AIDS Memorial Quilt". What type of art is it?

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Community Art-Making - Untrained / self-trained artists. - Example: AIDS Memorial Quilt (Ongoing effort of the Names Project begun in 1980's.) - fund-raising tool for AIDS research - made of 3X6 foot panels - made by thousands of ordinary people to memorialize someone lost to AIDS

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How do the drawings in the Lascaux caves in France link food, art and ritual? Explain.

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- Food: people were hunters, gatherers, early farmers - Art:proposed that people drew the likeness of images of the animals they hunted for ritual purposes - Ritual:performed on the animals' likenesses to ensure a successful hunt. + homage to earth and animal spirits + Ritual purpose linked to human food supply

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What are the art categories?

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High/Fine Art, popular culture, craft

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Hue

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pure state of a color

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Chairoscuro

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term to describe, gradations of light and shade to create the illusion of form

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Types of line

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actual, implied, directional, gesture, contour, hatching

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Analogous Colors

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close to each other on the color wheel

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Formal Elements in Art

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1. Line 2. Light and value 3. Color 4. Texture and pattern 5. Shape and volume 6. Space 7. Time and motion 8. Chance, improvisation, and spontaneity 9. Engaging all the senses

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Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian

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Doric- "masculine" simple/geometric with no base Ionic- "feminine" taller, more decorative with a scroll at the top Corinthian- acanthus leaves at the top

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Keystone

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very top of an arch

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Voussoir

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blocks shaped in a certain way to hold form and reach the top of an arch

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Pier

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like a post to hold arch up and support it (ex. gateway arch)

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Arcades

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a series of arches

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Buttressing

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to support larger arches

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Vaults

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to support larger arches

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Domes

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arches in 360 degrees

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Disciplines

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the various branches of art making activity

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Medium

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the actual material substance used to make a work of art

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Support

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material that underlies the artwork

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Silverpoint

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a thin stylus made of silver that creates delicate marks; used on paper or wood coated with lays of gesso as a ground

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Dry vs. Wet media

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dry- includes pencils, chalk, pastel, and silverpoint wet- ink

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Categories of printmaking

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1. Relief -Woodcut and linocut are two relief printmaking processes 2. Intaglio - Etching and engraving are two intaglio printmaking processes 3. Lithography 4. Serigraphy (screen printing) 5. Monotype - Only one image can be produced from a single working of the plate

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Encaustic pigment

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pigment mixed with hot wax

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Fresco pigment

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applied to wet or dry plaster

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Tempera

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pigments mixed with eggs

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Watercolors

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transparent layers of thin stains and flowing quality

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Gouache

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watercolor with white chalk added to create an opaque paint

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Oil Paint

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slow drying, allows blending of colors and details, intense colors with lustrous surfaces

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Acrylic Paint

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faster drying and more versatile, is suitable to larger flat broad areas of color

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Assemblages

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found objects or ready-made components are incorporated (assembled) into a piece of art

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Installations

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usually mixed-media artworks designed for specific interior or exterior spaces

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Composition

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the arrangements of the elements and principles of art

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Subject Matter

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the specific idea of an artwork; the substance of the artwork in contrast to its form

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Iconography

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is a system of symbols that allows artists to refer to complex ideas

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Metaphor

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an image or element that is descriptive of something else

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Symbol

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an image or element that stands for or represents some other entity or concept

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Context

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consists of the external conditions that surround a work of art, such as historical events, religious attitudes, social norms, etc.

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Art critics

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Describe artwork, usually contemporary and evaluate their significance

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Art historians

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Academics who primarily research art of the past and art of other cultures

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Curators

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Write catalog essays, wall labels and educational material for museum and art exhibitions

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Visual culture

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art criticism that integrates and studies all of the visual

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Semiotics

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the study of signs and symbols in written and verbal communications

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Apprenticeships

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learning directly from a mature artist

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Guilds

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specialized societies in Medieval Europe that preserved technical information and regulated art making

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Iconoclasm

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destruction of sacred images

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Hydria

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a greek ceramic jar, usually with 2 handles

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Vanitas

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style of Dutch painting in which the theme is the transitory nature of earthly things along with the inevitability of death

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Impluvium

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front atrium pool that collected rain water in shelter

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