Art History Final – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
The middle Byzantine artist assimilated classicism's simple simplicity, dignity, and grace synthesized it with Byzantine piety and pathos. Which of the fallowing fallows this formula
answer
Crucifixion, Church of the Dormition, Daphni
question
Which of these architectural elements was used for the exterior supports on Romanesque buildings
answer
Buttresses
question
The Italian admiration fro classical art resurfaced at ________
answer
The court of Frederick III
question
The High Gothic nave bay, as developed at Chartres, had a _________
answer
four part (quadripartite) ribbed vault
question
The Roman fresco tradition can best be seen in the work of which of the fallowing artists
answer
Cavallini
question
The presentation of the Norman king, William II, twice int he Monreale mosaic program, continued the theme of _______
answer
royal presence and patronage
question
Saint Sernin at Toulouse has been called a "pilgrimage type" church. Which of the fallowing accounts for this designation?
answer
It has radiating Chapels attached to the transept and ambulatory
question
The done of Hagia Sophia is supported by ________
answer
pendentives
question
The revival of monumental sculpture in the Romanesque period was partially influenced by _________
answer
feudalism
question
The 14th century German sculptures of Ekkehard and Uta at Naumburg are particularly significant because these sculptures conveyed _________
answer
convincing images of real people
question
in 1305, the College of Cardinals elected a pope from which of the fallowing countries
answer
France
question
What pose developed by the "court style" was typical of Late Gothic sculpture
answer
S-shaped curve
question
The __________ is the covered courtyard in a monastery that expressed the seclusion of the spiritual life and offered a foretaste of paradise
answer
Cloister
question
The portal sculpture program for Chartres Cathedral is distinctly different from its Romanesque counterparts. Which of the fallowing accounts for this distinction
answer
the prominence of Mary in the Portal Program
question
The model for the Archangel Michael was a __________
answer
winged victory
question
A familiar feature in French Gothic art, the loosely curved folds of the female saints in Duccio's Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints (Maesta) is a feature of ________ art.
answer
French Gothic
question
Reflecting Christ's mission to the apostles, depicted in the lintel and tympanum compartments at Vezelay are _________
answer
images of the world's heathens
question
Scholars believed that the ________ manuscript was produced in the scriptorium at Moissac
answer
Codex Colbertinus
question
One of Giotto's innovations that moved away from the Italo-Byzantine style was the introduction of _______
answer
figures seen from the back
question
Andrea Pisano's South doors for Florence's Baptistry were commissioned by _______
answer
the guild of wool imports
question
Where would a squinch most likely be found
answer
supporting a dome
question
What is a distinctive feature of a hall church
answer
side aisles as tall as the nave
question
The marriage of Anna to Prince Vladimir marked the introduction of orthodox Christianity to
answer
Russia
question
The primary motive for undertaking a pilgrimage, which was extremely dangerous and could often last a year, was ________
answer
to seek salvation or cure
question
A more complex and efficient type of vaulting than was currently available was needed- one that would admit light and at the same time be aesthetically pleasing. Which of the fallowing systems would allow this adoption
answer
by covering the nave with groin vaults
question
Instead of its usual position in the dome of the church, in the church of Monreale, the Pantokrator is located in the ______
answer
semi-dome of the apse
question
Among the stylistic hallmarks of the artists of the south portal of Saint- Pierre at Moissac are _______
answer
cross-legged figures with zig-zag and dovetail drapery folds
question
The interior mosaic program for Saint Marks has explanatory labels written in both Greek and Latin. What accounts for this
answer
it reflects Venice's position as a ink between East and West
question
Visible in Laon Cathedral, ________ became a standard feature of French Gothic Facades
answer
a rose window
question
In ____, buildings were designed structurally less experimentally than in northern Europe.
answer
Italy
question
Among the new Byzantine features that appeared in the mosaics at San Vitale is ____.
answer
The absence of solid bodies
question
____ church is one in which the aisles are approximately the same height as the nave.
answer
a hall
question
Whose work is best characterized by the use of solid volumes resting firmly on the flat and horizontal surface of this earth?
answer
Giotto
question
Commissioned by the Sienese government, Ambrogio Lorenzetti's frescoes for the Palazzo Pubblico address the ____.
answer
Civic concerns of the Sienese
question
In contrast to Saint-Étienne at Vignory, the naves of Sant Vicenç and Saint-Philibert are covered by ____.
answer
stone vaults
question
Which of the following figures provides the most direct contrast with the Naumburg figures?
answer
Röttgen PietĂ
question
Simone Martini's rendition of Annunciation may have been inspired by ____.
answer
the etiquette of chivalric courts
question
During the Romanesque period, the vision of Christ's second coming was often depicted on which of the following?
answer
the tympanum
question
Which event in Byzantine history accounts for the loss of art?
answer
The Iconoclasm
question
Although the church of Saint-Étienne at Vignory had some Romanesque features, it retained many elements of Carolingian-Ottonian architecture, including ____.
answer
a three story timbered roof
question
____ is the theft of relics for holy purposes.
answer
Furta Sacra
question
It is said this structure's design is simple and serenely classical. It is a descendant of the Pantheon, the imperial mausoleum, such as Diocletian's, and the early Christian Saint Costanza. Which of the following is being described?
answer
San Giovanni Baptistry, Florence
question
In place of images, the iconoclasts used only symbolic forms, such as the ____, which were already familiar in early Christian art.
answer
cross
question
The ____ is the semi-circular area above the lintel of a Romanesque portal.
answer
tympanum
question
Which of the following is considered a masterpiece of the Rayonnant style?
answer
Sainte- Chapelle
question
At Pentecost the apostles were called to ____.
answer
become witnesses of the Gospels to the world
question
The Norman defeat of the Anglo-Saxons at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 united all of England and most of France under one rule. The battle leading to this momentous occasion was the topic for the Bayeux Tapestry. Who commissioned this work?
answer
Bishop Odo
question
. ____ was the economic system that was gradually replaced by the growth of towns and cities during the Romanesque period.
answer
Feudalism
question
Elements of Giotto's new style that appear in the Madonna Enthroned include ____.
answer
statuesque figures that cast shadows
question
The term Roman-like was adopted to describe the architecture of the Romanesque period because it relied on elements of Roman architecture such as ____.
answer
groin vaults
question
Speyer Cathedral was considered the burial church of the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire. Which of the following churches was the burial church for the kings of France?
answer
Saint - Denis
question
The artist ____ was instrumental in creating the International Gothic style.
answer
Simone Martini
question
In the Virgin of Jeanne d'Evreux, Mary is shown not only as the mother of Christ, but also as ____.
answer
Queen of Heaven
question
Confraternities are ____ who dedicated themselves to strict religious observance.
answer
laypeople
question
The Bayeux Tapestry is the conqueror's version of history. It is a narrative that includes the battle sequences as well as the preparations for war. It is said that this is the most Roman of all Romanesque artworks. Which of the following supports this contention?
answer
it has often been likened to the panels from the Arch of Titus
question
The Romanesque church that had a wooden ceiling like those found in early Christian basilicas was which of the following?
answer
San Miniato, Florence
question
The intertwining forms on the Initial L and Saint Matthew of the Codex Colbertinus attest to the long life of the ____ from the Hiberno-Saxon period.
answer
animal interlace style
question
Which of the following churches was the largest in Europe until the new Saint Peter's in Rome was constructed in the 17th century?
answer
Cluny III
question
Among those who would be judged favorably in Gislebertus's Last Judgment are people carrying bags adorned with a shell and a cross. These figures represent ____.
answer
pilgrimage to Jerusalem and Santiago
question
How does the Reims portal sculpture of the Visitation differ from earlier Gothic portal sculpture?
answer
the columns do not restrain the figures movements
question
In its three stories in the nave and timber roof, Saint-Étienne at Vignory resembles ____ churches.
answer
Ottonian
question
the architects of Hagia Sophia fused the central plan and the basilica by ____.
answer
placing a hemispherical dome on a square base
question
The focus of the sculptural program of the abbey church of Saint Pierre at Moissac is the ____.
answer
second coming
question
The Cistercian monk who criticized the rich outfitting of non-Cistercian churches and sculptural adornments of monastic cloisters was ____.
answer
Bernard of Clairvaux
question
The development of the Rayonnant style is connected with which of the following?
answer
The court of Louis IX
question
How is the initial R from the Moralia in Job typically Romanesque?
answer
By the banding of the torso and the partitioning of the folds of the costumes
question
____ was the artist of one of the earliest sets of Romanesque reliefs at Saint-Sernin.
answer
Bernardus Gelduinus
question
. Perpendicular style was popular in which of the following countries?
answer
England
question
Pilgrims often journeyed to churches to view ____, which were the material remains of holy figures.
answer
relics
question
The ____ of Duccio's figures from the MaestĂ was/were derived from Byzantine art.
answer
formality and symmetry
question
The Gothic style is said to have first appeared in which of the following areas?
answer
burgundy
question
. The significance of Maximianus is emphasized in the mosaic Justinian, Bishop Maximianus, and attendants, in San Vitale, Ravenna, through the presence of ____.
answer
an identifying inscription
question
The monks of the ____ order were among the primary patrons of Romanesque sculpture.
answer
cluniac
question
The sculptural program of the west facade of Chartres Cathedral proclaims the power and majesty of Jesus Christ. Which of the following elements unites all three doorways of the west portal of Chartres Cathedral?
answer
The episodes from the lives of the Virgin and Christ are carved on the capitals
question
In Jean Pucelle's Belleville Breviary, innovative features such as the three-dimensional architectural setting indicate a visit to ____.
answer
Italy
question
The nave of pilgrimage churches, such as Saint-Sernin at Toulouse and Saint James, were covered by a ____.
answer
cut stone barrel vaults
question
The depiction of the battle between the knight and the dragons from the Moralia in Job was viewed by the clergy as ____.
answer
an allegory of the struggle of monks against the devil for he salvation of souls
question
Historian Giovanni Villani wrote in the 14th century that this city was "the daughter and creature of Rome," suggesting a preeminence inherited from the Roman Empire. Which of the following city-states does this phrase describe?
answer
Florence
question
Jean Pucelle illuminated which of the following?
answer
Belleville Breviary
question
The tympanum of the Romanesque portal of La Madeleine at VĂ©zelay depicts ____.
answer
pentecost
question
Abbot Suger is credited with creating which of the following churches?
answer
Saint- Denis
question
Who may have conceived the complicated iconographical portal program for Chartres Cathedral?
answer
Thierry of Chartres
question
The use of ornamented initials such as the Initial R in the Moralia in Job can be traced back to the ____ period.
answer
Hiberno- Saxon
question
Which of the following cities established itself as a major shipping power?
answer
Pisa
question
Which of the following reasons likely persuaded Emperor Leo III to initiate iconoclasm?
answer
the loss of almost two-thirds of byzantine territory
question
On the right face of the Moissac trumeau is a prophet displaying his scroll containing his prophetic vision. He is placed immediately below the depiction of Christ, the judge. This is another instance of the pairing of the Old and New Testament themes. This iconographic tradition was established during which of the following periods?
answer
Early Christian
question
The imagery of the Triumph of Death served as a warning against ____.
answer
lust and greed
question
In contrast to his father, Giovanni Pisano worked in a style derived from ____.
answer
French Gothic Art
question
The most venerated pilgrimage shrine in the West, outside Rome or Jerusalem, was the ____.
answer
Tomb of Saint James at Santiago de Compostela
question
In his writings, Bernard of Clairvaux criticized the profusion of sculptural decoration in Romanesque cloisters because it ____.
answer
distraced the viewer from reading and prayer
question
____ were innovative architectural features that appeared at Cluny III.
answer
a three story elevation of pointed arches
question
The setting for Pietro Lorenzetti's Birth of the Virgin, which was a ____, represented an advance in worldly realism.
answer
detailed interior of an upper class house
question
Similar to the subject matter of Romanesque portals, the ____ fresco from Santa MarĂa de Mur represents Christ surrounded by the four evangelists.
answer
Christ in Majesty
question
The dome on the Katholikon, Hosios Loukas, is formed by ____.
answer
squinches
question
Justinian's position on the north wall of the apse of San Vitale is somewhat ambiguous. He appears to be slightly behind the bishop, yet the paten he carries overlaps the bishop's arm. This indicates the ____.
answer
balance between church and state
question
Basil I claimed that he commissioned the mosaic of the Virgin and child enthroned in Hagia Sophia to replace the one that ____.
answer
the "imposters" destroyed
question
The east end of Saint-Étienne at Vignory, which was composed of ____, was innovative.
answer
an ambulatory and three radiating chapels
question
Which of the following is a medieval element depicted on the pulpit for the baptistery of Pisa Cathedral?
answer
trefoil (tripple curved) arches
question
. A new Gothic feature that appeared in Laon's nave elevation is the ____.
answer
triforium
question
The medium used for the icon of the Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George is which of the following?
answer
encaustic
question
Indicate which of the following is not a characterization of the changing social conditions in the Gothic period.
answer
barbarian migrations
question
____ is the church most closely associated with the crusades.
answer
La Madeleine, Vezelay
question
One of the factors that contributed to the enormous surge in church building during the Romanesque period was the ____.
answer
thanksgiving experienced at the peaceful conclusion of the first millennium
question
The Bayeux Tapestry is unique in Romanesque art. Which of the following supports this claim?
answer
it depicted an actual event in full detail shortly after it occurred
question
The tympanum from the right portal of Chartres depicts the Virgin and Child, which hearkens back to the Romanesque portrayals of this theme as the Throne of Wisdom. Which of the following is the source for this depiction?
answer
Byzantine Theotokos
question
The "throne of wisdom," sedes sapientiae, is the western European freestanding version of which of the following?
answer
Byzantine Theotokos
question
The purpose of tribunes such as those found at Saint James at Santiago de Compostela and Saint-Sernin in Toulouse was ____.
answer
to house the overflow crowds and to buttress the weights of the vaults
