Art 111 Exam 2 – Flashcards

Materials that artists use to make art.

An implement running over a surface leaving a trace of the gesture... Making "marks."

Metal point, charcoal, chalk, graphite, pastel

Bone white plaster smooth surface, stylus, no erasing

A drawing done with which media would most probably need to be finished with a fixative

A drawing material in stick form made by binding powdered calcium carbonate with various gums.

Soft graphite creates dark marks, hard graphite creates light marks

Pure colored pigment applied directly to paper without a fluid medium. Called paintings since colors are applied in masses rather than lines.

Ink applied with a pen or brush (i.e. reed pen, quill pen)

1) Sketch 2) Plans or studies 3) Finished works

A visual notation of an idea

A preparatory drawing done with the intent to execute in a different media (i.e. a sketch of a painting before the artist paints it)

A drawing that makes a complete finished statement.

Piece of metal in the shape of a pencil

The texture and softness of the paper which allows the media being used to stick or stay on the surface.

A chemical spray that fixes or attaches the medium to the paper.

A bunch of drawings made with pastels by Degas of naked women... They were poses and attitudes a woman assumes during her toilette, and they seemed to be caught without her knowing it—"as if seen through a keyhole," Degas said.

Definitive line of graphite

Smeared graphite

1) Relief (Woodcut, Linocut) 2) Intaglio (Etching, engraving, mezzotint, aquatint) 3) Lithography 4) Silkscreen 5) Monoprint

Processes or categories... Relief prints are created by removing part of the matrix and the print is created by what is left behind... 2 types: Low relief or Bas-relief & High relief.

Free standing sculpture surrounded on all sides by space

Relief blocks are made by carving directly in a smooth piece of wood and removing what is not part of the image; printed by hand or press.

linoleum; modern development in relief printing; tons of precise lines

Reverse of relief. Images are made by what is cut away from matrix NOT by what is left behind.

Lines are created chemically (by acid). In engraving incised lines are created by force.

Drag not push.

Push not drag.

Allows artists to use tone. Artist works from dark to light... image is create by building lights into the image not building up darks

Allows artists to use TONE with a dot matrix.

Means "stone-writing." A method of printing pictures that uses flat metal or stone surfaces (originally on flat pieces of limestone), parts of which are covered with ink. PLANOGRAPHIC method meaning that the matrix remains flat. It is only possible because grease and water don't mix. THINK ICE AGE

aka serigraphy... a print made using a stencil process in which an image or design is superimposed on a very fine mesh screen and printing ink is squeegeed onto the printing surface through the area of the screen that is not covered by the stencil... unlike other processes (except mono prints) paint or ink can be used.

You usually get only one good image. Image is created on any flat surface using ink or paint - then paper or any other material is placed on top - pressure is applied to transfer the image from original surface (matrix) to new surface. Because no method has been created to preserve image multiple images are not possible.

A matrix is an object upon which a design has been formed and which is then used to make an impression on a piece of paper, thus creating a print. A {wood} block, {metal} plate, or {lithographic} stone can be used as a matrix.

A print created by the artist alone and that has been printed by the artist or under the artist's direct supervision

Limited edition prints are signed and numbered by the artist and produced in "limited" numbers.

Open edition prints are not signed or numbered.

Printmaking technique in which the image areas are level with the surface of the printing plate.

Is associated with mimesis (imitating the real world)

1) Encaustic (wax) 2) Fresco (limewater & plaster, buon fresco & fresco secco) 3) Tempura (egg yolk) 4) Oil 5) Acrylic (polymer plastic) 6) Watercolor 7) Gouache (watercolor w/ chalk)

Pigment mixed with wax

Pigment mixed with limewater and plaster invented to paint on walls.

Applied while the plaster is wet.

Applied after the paster has dried.

Pigment mixed with egg yolk. Can be applied translucent or opaque.

Plaster mixed with a binding material applied to painting surface before paint.

Pigment mixed with linseed oil... Most versatile of all the mediums. GLAZING... TRANSLUCENT vs. OPAQUE

Pigment mixed with polymer plastic.

Pigment mixed with water... There is no pure white in water color

Watercolor with white chalk making it more opaque.

________ starts in powdered form and then is suspended in a BINDER (sometimes called a medium or vehicle) then mixed often with a SOLVENT (for example turpentine or water) and then applied to a surface or a support. SUPPORT is usually "primed" first.

An image that is created on one surface and then is transferred to another surface. Most printmaking processes also multiple images except for monoprints.

a "binder" aka a medium of vehicle which what pigment is suspended in and then a solvent is mixed in.

In painting - the process of building up images in transparent oil layers.

Essentially the art of creating three-dimensional forms. Unlike architecture or craft media, sculpture does not have a utilitarian function.

1) Subtractive (carving) 2) Additive (modeling, casting, constructed, assemblage)

Carving for example where artist starts with a material to achieve final form by removing unwanted material.

Modeling/molding/casting/fabrication - material is built up into a form.

An additive process. Taking a soft pliable material and building / shaping it into a form.

A sculptural technique in which liquid materials are shaped by being poured into a mold.

Artist takes a material and bends, cuts, twists, reshapes it into new forms.

Takes found materials or objects and assembles them together to create new forms. Sometimes constructed forms are used in conjunction with assemblage forms... Found objects that are reassembled into new forms.

Found objects that are reassembled into new forms.

The readymades of Marcel Duchamp are ordinary manufactured objects that the artist selected and modified, as an antidote to what he called "retinal art". By simply choosing the object (or objects) and repositioning or joining, titling and signing it, the Found object became art.

Process to turn soft material like clay or wax into a more permanent material like metal.

Tensile strength

An attitudinal function that serves to alert us to rewarding objects and situations we should approach and costly or punishing objects or situations we should avoid.

Sculptural relief that projects very little from the background; also called bas-relief

A sculptural relief in which forms extend out from the background to at least half their depth

A measure of how much stress from pulling, or tension, a material can withstand before breaking.

20th century phenomena which grew out of the practice of COLLAGE. Resulted in artists mixing medias as a way to break down barriers between the traditional mediums of DRAWING/PAINTING/SCULPTURE, etc

A piece of art made by sticking various different materials such as photographs and pieces of paper or fabric onto a backing.

An art piece that is usually of mixed media that is designed for a specific place.

Incorporates exterior space into the work

The artist's body and the actions of the artist become the work.

"The Skeleton"... A rigid framework serving as a supporting inner core for clay or other soft sculpting material.

1) Comedy 2) Propaganda 3) Satire 4) Social Commentary 5) Fantasy 6) Symbolism

"Happenings"... breaking the barrier between art and life

A darkened enclosure in which images of outside objects are projected through a small aperture or lens onto a facing surface.

Formed partnership with Niepce and invented daguerreotype

Produced the first known photograph

A photograph made by an early method on a plate of chemically treated metal (developed by Louis JM Daguerre)

"Birth of a Nation"... first movie seemed to glorify the KKK

A visual illusion in which the perception of motion is generated by the presentation of a series of stationary images in rapid succession.

An older name for a movie projector, a machine, combining magic lantern and kinetoscope features, for projecting on a screen a series of pictures, moved rapidly (25 to 50 frames per second) and intermittently before an objective lens, and producing by persistence of vision the illusion of continuous motion; a moving-picture projector; also, any of several other machines or devices producing moving pictorial effects.

Editing style that includes parallel editing & rhythmic editing... selecting from multiple images of the same subject to advance a story... DW Griffin

A special photographic development effect in which development includes brief exposure to low-intensity colored lights, thus reversing colors.

"Citizen Kane" - modern film making techniques

1) Topography 2) Technology

The features of the local environment

Materials and knowledge available at a given time in history

One material provides support and acts as outer covering.

One material provides support and a different material provides outer covering.

1) Load Bearing 2) Post and Lintel 3) Arches and Domes 4) Cast Iron Construction 5) Suspension 6) Frame Construction 7) Steel and Reinforced Concrete

Stacking materials

A structure consisting of vertical beams (posts) supporting a horizontal beam (lintel)

Building designs that the Romans used to build massive structures

Iron was cast off site into the necessary parts and then brought to the work site where they would be bolted into place

A bridge that has a roadway supported by cables that are anchored at both ends

Construction that has load-bearing components made of wood or other combustible materials... Most common in suburban neighborhoods.

Two principal materials for the new high and massive buildings... Very strong and less combustible.

Wedge-shaped stones creating an arch

Last stone placed in the arch that makes the arch stable transferring the weight to the sides.

One could build it higher than a circular arch

A beam firmly anchored on one end and unsupported at the other end.

"form follows function"... Most responsible for the invention of the skyscraper... Keeps people connected to the natural world by including organic shapes in his architecture

"Prairie Style House"... Considered America's greatest architect. Pioneered the concept that a building should blend into and harmonize with its surroundings rather than following classical designs... Flat and open

Invented by a gardener to make stronger flower pots... He embedded chicken wire into concrete to make it less brittle.

An assembly of structural members joined to form a rigid framework, usually connected to form triangles.

A construction method where the walls are framed before the floor is built, and the wall cavity is often open to both the attic and the basement

The simplest form of vault consisting of an unbroken series of arches; it forms a tunnel like shape

Ceramics, glass, fibers

Criteria of function... Utilitarian Function vs. Aesthetic Function

1) Pinch Pots 2) Coil 3) Slab 4) Wheel Thrown

Made my heating silica sand

Includes weaving, embroidery, tapestry

A furnace capable of controlled high temperatures used to fire ceramic ware and sculpture.