question

Status-forms

answer

رفع ، نصب ،جر

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Status- How to tell

answer

ending sounds (R-Un, N-An, J-In) ending combos -Pair- R ان N/J ين -Plural- R ون N/J ين

question

Status- 4 reasons for a word to be light

answer

1) Partly flexible 2) Mudaf 3) The one being called 4) لا نافية للجنس

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Status- flexibility

answer

Flexible Partly flexible Non-flexible

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Partly flexible (6 categories) and rules

answer

1) Places; exception ones with 3 letters 2) Non Arab Names; exception those with 3 letters, and a sukoon in the middle letter of those 3 3) Colors 4) Comparatives 5) Body defects 6) Certain broken plurals with an alif in the middle (مفاتيح) Rules - No kasra, no tanween, can become fully flexible if it is a mudaf or has an ال on it

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Fully flexible and rules

answer

Normal Arabic words Rules - reflects all 3 statuses, most isms, can be light or heavy

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Non flexible and rules

answer

1) All اسم موصول 2) All pointer words 3) Words ending in alif maksoora Rule - all same form in each status

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Arab names

answer

هود، صالح، شعيب، محمد

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Number - 6 kinds of plurals and their sounds and rules

answer

1) Masculine plural - OONA, EENA - Only for human, angles and jinn. Includes men and women 2) Human feminine plural - AATUN, AATIN - Only for humans 3) Non-human feminine plural - AATUN, AATIN - Only for non-humans - treated singular, feminine 4) Human broken plurals - treated as singular feminine or reality 5) Non-human broken plurals - treated only singular feminine 6) Plural b/c Arabs say so (ناس، قرن؛ قوم - اسم جمع)

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Gender - 4 categories

answer

1) Real masculine 2) Fake Masculine 3) Real feminine 4) Fake feminine

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Real masculine

answer

Any word that is actually a male (مسى، عسى)

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Fake masculine

answer

Any word that is not actually masculine, and has no reason to be feminine

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Real feminine

answer

Any word that is actually a female (حسنى، مريم)

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Fake feminine - Categories

answer

1) Words ending in ة ، ى ، آء 2) Feminine b/c arabs said so 3) Broken plurals

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Words ending in ة ، ى ، آء

answer

1) ة is most common and usually dead give away 2) ى used in the feminine superlative mostly - Masculine superlative - احسن ، اكبر - Female superlative - الحسنى ، الكبرى 3) آء - Used for female version of colors and body defects - Male version of colors - اصفر ، احمر - Female version of colors - صفرآء ، حمرآء

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Feminine b/c Arabs said so (17)

answer

حرب - War نجم - Star سماء - Sky شمس - Sun نفس - Self نار - Fire دلو - Bucket سبيل -Path ارض - Land ريح - Wind بءر - Well دار - House كأس - Cup خمر - Wine جهنم - Hellfire عصى - Stick And pairs of body parts

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Type - 7 categories

answer

1) Proper names 2) Words with ال 3) Pronouns 4) Pointers 5) امس موصول 6) The one being called - if you call someone its رفع if its a mudaf its صب 7) If is موضاف اليه is proper then the مضاف is proper

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إضافة rules

answer

-Nothing comes between موضاف اليه and مضاف مضاف - 2 rules 1) No ال 2) Must be light موضاف اليه - Must always be جر

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Pronouns rules

answer

- Always proper - Detached is always رفع - Attached to an ism is always جر - Attached to a فعل is always نصب

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Harf جر

answer

ب ، ت ، ك ،ل،و،منذ،مذ،خلا رب،حاش؛من؛عدا في،عن،على،حتى،الى

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Harf جر meanings

answer

بِ - With تَ - I swear by Allah لَ - with pronoun لِ with all else - For وَ - I swear by مِن - From في - In عَن - About علي or على - On حتى - Until اِلى or اِلي - To or towards

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Harf نصب and meanings

answer

اِنَّ - For sure اَ نَّ - That كانَّ - As though ليت - If only لكنَّ - However لعل - So that, hopefully, maybe

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Special Mudafs

answer

فوق - Above تحت - Below بعد - After قبل - Before بين - Between حول - Around; surround غير - Without/non دون - Besides;other than خلف - Behind عند - Has; at; with; nearby لدن - Especially from وراء - Way behind ايّ - Which; any بعض - Some of; some كلٌّ - All of امام - In front قدّام - Right in front of مع - with -These are ظرف and can lead to full sentences being the مضاف اليه (except for advanced mudafs) - Can only be in متعلق status in a sentence

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موصوف - صفة

answer

موصوف - Noun being described صفة - Description -Must match all 4 properties (Status, Number, Gender Type (but can be of different types of proper)) -When you have a common اسم followed by a فعل add "who" in between -When you have a proper اسم followed by a فعل add اسم موصول and this gives the meaning "who"

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Pointing words and meanings

answer

هذا - This هذان - These 2 هولآء - These هذه - This (f) هتان - These 2 (f) هولآء - These (f) ذلك - That ذنك - Those 2 اولآءك - Those تلك - That (f) تانك - Those 2 (f) اولآءك - Those (f) -Pairs are flexible - All proper

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Pointing phrases (4 rules)

answer

-If there is a pointer and immediately after the words has an ال then it is a fragment, هذا الرجل -If there is a pointer and immediately after the words has no ال then it is a sentence and drop the "is" هذا سبيلي - If you want to make a fragment using a common word (word with no ال) invert it, سبيلي هذا - If you want to make a sentence using a proper word (word with ال on it) then add a pronoun in between, هذا هو الرجل

question

Nominal sentences - 5 ways to find the invisible "is"

answer

1) A proper noun followed by a common noun 2) Following a detached pronoun 3) Following Harf nasb and victim 4) Pointer followed by no ال 5) Break in the chain- i.e if have exhausted all phrases (words connecting in a chain) drop the "is"

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Outside doer rule

answer

Must meet both qualifications to be an outside doer 1) Must be رفع and after the verb 2) Must only replace an inside هو or هي

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مفعول 4 categories and meanings

answer

1) مفعول به- Who, What 2) مفعول فيه- When, Where 3) مفعوله - Why 4) مفعول حال - How 5) مفعول مطلق - When the مصدر of the same فعل occurs in نصب status after it.

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Light harfs and meanings

answer

انْ - To لنْ - Will not -forces the meaning to be future and negative لكي، لِ، كي - So that اِذاً - In that case حتى - Until

question

Lightest harfs and meanings

answer

اَن - If لمْ - Did not - forces past tense and negative. Only for present tense verbs لمَّا - Not yet ول - And should فل - So should لِ - Should - differentiated from light harf by ending of the upcoming verb

question

Commanding and forbidding common sense

answer

- Cant command or forbid in past tense - Cant use either for someone not there (3rd person) - Cant command self (1st person) - Easier to forbid than command - Commanding does not always mean command ex لا تنصرُ - you dont help لا تنصرْ - Dont help!

question

Forbidding

answer

لا + Lightest form of the verb

question

Commanding steps construction

answer

Required 1) Make it lightest 2) remove the ت Optional 3) If the result has a sukoon on first letter then add ا 4) If the 2nd to last letter of the root verb has domma then add domma to alif, if the 2nd to last letter of the root verb has kasra or fatha then add kasra to alif

question

Person doing something

answer

اسم فاعل

question

The thing being done to the person

answer

اسم مفعول

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Past tense verb

answer

فعل مضي

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Present tense verb

answer

فعل مضارع

question

Passive past tense verb

answer

فعل مضي مبني على المجهول

question

Passive present tense verb

answer

فعل مضارع مبني على المجهول

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Noun

answer

مصدر

question

Command

answer

امر

question

Forbidding

answer

نهي

question

Idea tied to time and place

answer

ظرف

question

Nominal sentence parts and statuses

answer

مبتدا - رفع خبر - رفع متعلق بل خبر - جر Independent pronouns are always mubtada even if there's a mubtada before it then put a comma before it and treat it as mubtada #2 اولآءك هم المفلحون - Those people, they are the successful ones

question

Verbal sentence parts

answer

فعل فاعل مفعول ناءب فاعل

question

انَّ sentence parts and statuses

answer

اسم انَّ - نصب خبر ينَّ - رفع

question

كان sentence parts and statuses

answer

اسم كان - رفع خبر كان - نصب كان is a فعل ناقص

question

Nominal + Verbal Sentence structure

answer

- If the verb precedes the ism then it is a verbal sentence and the verb does not have to match the number of the ism (since the ism is most likely fa'il or mafool) - if the ism precedes the verb then it is an emphasized nominal sentence and the verb must match in number to the preceding ism ex المسلمان فهمان المسلم فهم Translation The 2 Muslims, they understood (not "the 2 muslims understood") The Muslim, he understood Point of emphasis

question

Status

answer

اعراب

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Number

answer

عدد

question

Gender

answer

جنس

question

Type

answer

قسم

question

Proper

answer

معرفة

question

Common

answer

نكر

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5 special isms and rules

answer

ابٌ - Father - ابو ابا اني اخٌ - Brother - اخو اچا اچي فمٌ - Mouth - فمو فما فمي حمٌ - In-law - حمو حما حمي ذو - Possessor of ذو ذا ذي - This is always a mudaf no matter what Rule- when used as a mudaf they are known by their ending letter not ending sound

question

Difference between س and سوف

answer

س - Soon سوف - Really soon

question

Huroof of verbal sentences (to make them questions)

answer

هل - "does" - makes the sentence into a yes or no question أ - Same sister as هل اين - Where متى -ايَّنَ - When لماذا & لما - Why كيف -How ماذا - What مَن - Who ايَّا نَ - When (sarcastic) اَنَّى - How (shock or amazement) - Doesn't change the grammar of the sentence just add to the front to make them questions.

question

Compound questions construction

answer

2 special harfs 1) ما = What 2) كَم = How many To construct ما sentence 1) Add ما to حرف جر exp بما ، فيما ، لِما 2) Drop ا to differentiate it from اسم موصول exp بم ، فيم ، لِمَ 3) Translate حرف جر + ما together exp for what, in what, with what To construct the كم sentence rules - اسم after كم is نصب - called اسم كم - It is singular and common - كم has no effect on a verb if it comes after it Can be used to ask a rhetorical question or a real question - If used to ask a rhetorical question add مِن on اسم كم

question

How to tell if a verb can be made passive

answer

If you can add someone and/or something to the verb it can be made passive. ex: He hit something/someone - has passive He sat something/someone- no passive

question

Transitive

answer

المعدي Can be made passive

question

Intransitive

answer

لازم Cant be made passive

question

Sister of كان

answer

ليس - Is not ما - Sister of ليس صار - To become اصبح-يُصْبِحُ - To become بات - To become امسى - To become ظل-يَظَلُّ - To remain بقى - To remain ما زال - To continue to be/still be دامما دام - To continue to be/still be

question

Negation in 4 ways

answer

2 things can be done to the مبتدا 1) Add ليس 2) Add ما 2 things can be done to the خبر 1) Attach ب 2) Make it نصب

question

Difference between ما and ليس and usage of ب

answer

ما is more powerful and used to negate a fact because it is wrong, i.e used to refute someone. ليس is used as a simple way of negation exp ليس الله غافلا - Allah is not unaware ما الله غفلا - No! Allah is not unaware! ب is used to add extra emphasis ما الله بغافلٍ - No way in the world is Allah unaware! ما + ب = Strongest way to negate ليس alone = weakest way to negate

question

كان + فعل مضارع اصبح + فعل مضارع ظل + فعل مضارع

answer

He used to "x" He began/started He kept on

question

اسم موصول

answer

الذي - The one who الذان - The two who الذين - Those who التى - The one who (f) التان - The two who (f) الاتىالآء - Those who (f) ما - What (I read what you wrote ما مَن - Who/someone who/anyone who It raises the status of the common sentence to proper in order for it to be a صفة to a proper موصوف

question

7 ways to negate a sentance

answer

1) لا نافية للجنس - Absolute negation 2) Negating a nominal sentence with ما and ليس 3) Negating the past tense with لم and ما 4) Negating the present tense with لا or ما 5) Negating the future tense with لن and لمَّا 6) "Nothing, but" negation 7) "Not a single" negation

question

لا نافية للجنس rules

answer

- Absolute negation - اسم must follow the ا نافية للجنس and it must be نصب and light - The اسم + (la or ma) make up the mubtada -لا is used when negating a question asked -ما is used when refuting

question

Negating the past tense with لم and ما rules

answer

2 ways -لم in the front makes the present tense verb (only one that can be used) lightest and puts its meaning in the past and used to negate a question -ما is used with a past tense verb and used to refute

question

Negating the present tense with لا or ما

answer

Just put لا or ما in front of present tense verb

question

Negating the future tense with لن and لمَّا

answer

2 ways -لن - "will not" - put in front of present tense verb only and make it light (not lightest) - لمَّا - "Has not yet" - put in front of present tense verb only and make it lightest

question

"Nothing, but" negation

answer

2 ways 1) ما and اِلّا - Put ما in front of the mubtada and put اِلّا in front of khabr - "Nothing but" 2) اِن and اِلّا - Put اِنْ in front of mubtada and put اِلّا in front of khabr - "Nothing but!" - emphasis

question

"Not a single" negation

answer

-ما and مِن - Put ما in the front and put مِن in front of the اسم you want to negate to give the meaning "Not even a single ____" - Remember مِن is harf jar

question

تمييز - Tameez

answer

- Used to specify comparatives and superlatives - Used to further explain so the listener understands the comparison - Translated "in terms of" Rules - Must be نصب - Must be singular and نكرة (can be translated as plural if need be) - So the thing that describes the superlative is the tameez exp اكبر مالاً Much more (bigger) "in terms of" money so مالاً is the tameez

question

Turn a comparative into a superlative in 2 ways

answer

1) Add ال exp اكبر ---> الاكبر 2) Make it into a mudaf (3 ways)

question

Making it comparative a mudaf (3 ways)

answer

1) When you make a superlative a mudaf and it is followed by a word with ال on it you turn it into a fraction exp- احسن الكتاب - The best part of the book 2) When you make a superlative a mudaf and it is followed by a word with ال on it and it is plural it is translated as "the best of the _____" exp اسمن الكُتُبُ - "The best of the books" 3)When you make a superlative a mudaf and it is followed by a word the is common and singular it is translated as "the best ____" احسن كتاب - "The best book"

question

اسم تفضيل + مِن

answer

Means "More than"

question

Advanced Mudafs

answer

كُلُّ - All, every, or the whole - this can be made heavy making it not a mudaf (كُلٌّ - everything/everyone) بعض - some - this can be made heavy making it not a mudarf (بعدٌ - somethings/some people) غير - Other than ايُّ - Which; any يوم - The day on which - requires either a sentence as mudaf illayh or single ism اِذْ - "when" - Makes the meaning past - requires full sentence as a mudaf illayh اِذَ - "when" - Makes the meaning future - requires full sentence as a mudaf illayh All can occur as مبتدا or خبر

question

The quote sentance

answer

- This is how a sentence become مفعول به - قال needs 2 مفعول 1) Who are you speaking to 2) What you said مفعول #1 - comes with حرف جول - له - "to him" مفعول #2 - is the actual quotation - مقول القول If the doer is missing (passive) then there is a ناءب فاعل then the مقول القول is in رفع b/c the thing that was said becomes the ناءب فاعل to the فعل

question

عطف particles, meanings, and phrase rules

answer

معطوف عليه - Word/Sentence before the particle معطوف - Word/Sentence after the particle - Used to carry over the sentence between the 2 phrases - If it connects 2 isms it carries over status - If it connects 2 verbs it carries over their weight (light, lightest, normal, heavy) و - "And" - Most common ف - "Then" - Indicates particular order ثم - "Then" - Indicates particular order but there's a delay between the event described اَم - "or" - if it is in a question, "whether" if used everywhere else اَو - "or" - This can't be used in a question اِما - "either" - Used when 2 options are given and put after each option

question

Connectors of correction

answer

- Used when correcting someone 2 connectors 1) بل - Rather 2) لكن - However

question

Conditional sentances

answer

جملة شرطيِّة - Conditional sentence شرط - First part of the conditional sentence جواب الشرط - Second part of the conditional sentence

question

Letters of شرط

answer

اِنْ - If ما - Whatever مَن - Whoever - All of them makes the present tense verb lightest

question

Construction of جملة شرطيِّة

answer

-Harf شرط + present tense verb + another present tense verb along with فاعل -Can be used with past tense verb -Both part are في محل جر -Can sometimes be an اسم or امر or can have a سسوف attached which will cause a mismatch in the شرط and جواب الشرط so you attach a ف on the جواب الشرط

question

Particles of condition

answer

-These particles do not make a verb جزم اِذا - "if and when" - can be used with present or past tense verb لو - Take the جملة شرطيِّة and translate it as "had ___ happened" -Comes with a ل on the جواب الشرط - ل sometime omitted in the Quran for rhetorical purposes -Can be used with present or past tense verb

question

Exception phrase

answer

استثناء 1 Harf - اِلّا - In a positive sentence it means "Except" - In a negative sentence it means "Nothing but/except" Negative particles ان ، ما ، لم ، لن ، لا ناعية للجنس ما + لا or اِن + ما = Nothing, but لا + لا = No, except

question

Emphasis

answer

قد - Added to present tense or past tense verbs and translated as "already", "in fact", "have/has/had" ل - Can be added to ism, harf, or verb ن - Verbs can be emphasized by adding extra ن at the end for all conjugations

question

Expressions of amazement

answer

حَسُنَ - Positive amazement/praise - "What an excellent _" ساء - Negative amazement/blame - "What a terrible _" نِعمَ - Positive amazement/praise - "What an excellent _" بِءسَ - Negative amazement/blame - "What a terrible _" حَسُنَ/ساء - Sisters and فعل لازم - No مفعول, it is usually followed by a اسم in رفع status which indicates the does نِعمَبِءسَ - Sisters and فعل متعدي - Can take a فاعل and مفعول (word after in رفع = doer, word after نصب = مفعول)

question

More expressions of amazement

answer

-ما افعله -افعل به -سبحان

question

ما افعله

answer

-Can be positive or negative -Construction = ما + اسم #1 + اسم #2 -Both isms are in نصب -"How (ism #1) is (ism #2)!"

question

افعل به

answer

-Can be positive or negative -Construction = Adjective (on the pattern of اَفْعِلْ) + بِ (harf jar) + object of amazement attached to بِ

question

سبحان

answer

-Construction- سبحان (always light and nasb) + object of amazement (acts as مضاف اليه)

question

Miscellaneous expressions

answer

-عسى -كاد -طفق -لولا -أما -مِن قبلمِن بعد -مِن حيثُ

question

عسى

answer

- "Hopefully" or "perhaps" - It is a فعل and is followed by a فاعل then followed by an اَنْ that attaches to the جملة فعلية - Can have an inside doer but it's rare in the Quran

question

كاد

answer

-"Almost" -كاد is followed by present tense verb directly -Tense is determined by كاد not the verb -Sometimes there's an اَنْ before the verb -Can have inside/outside doer

question

طفق

answer

-"Start" -طفق is followed by present tense verb directly -They both must match in status

question

لولا

answer

Used in 2 ways 1) "Had it not been for ____"- "would have" -لولا come in the beginning of the first part -لَ comes in the beginning of the second part 2) "Why don't/dosen't" -Used for rebuking-not questioning

question

أما

answer

-"As for" -Used as a detail on a specific subject or topic -The subject/topic comes immediately after the أما and the detail comes after the ف in the sentence

question

مِن قبلمِن بعد

answer

-Special Mudafs - but don't always occur as mudafs -They can become non flexible and have a ُ as the last harakah -The مِن preceding adds emphasis

question

مِن حيثُ

answer

-"Whenever/Wherever" -They can become non flexible and have a ُ as the last harakah -The مِن preceding adds emphasis

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