AQA Chemistry A-Level: Physical Chemistry – Bonding – Flashcards
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Giant covalent lattice
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Covalent bond is a bond formed between two atoms sharing each others electrons.
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Metallic bonding
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The electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive ions surrounded by delocalised electrons only in metals as elements or alloys.
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Co-ordinate bonding
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A covalent bond in which both electrons come from the same atom.
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Hydrogen bond
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Special permanent dipole-dipole
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Simple Molecular
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Bond formed between two atoms sharing each others electrons.
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Giant covalent lattice - Examples
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Diamond, Graphite
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Simple molecular - Example
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Iodine
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Coordinate Bonding - Example
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Ammonium
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Giant ionic bond - Example
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Sodium Chloride
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Metallic Bond - Example
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Magnesium
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Hydrogen Bond - Example
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Ice
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Typical types of compounds - Giant Covalent Lattice
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Non-metals, Especially Group 4
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Typical types of compounds - Simple Molecular
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Non-metals to Non-metals
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Typical types of compounds - Coordinate Bond
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Non-Metals
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Typical types of compounds - Giant ionic bond
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Metal and Non-metal
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Typical types of compounds - Metallic Bonds
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Metals
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Physical Properties - Giant covalent lattice (Diamond)
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4200K melting point at 100,000 Atmospheres Electrical insulator
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Physical Properties - Giant covalent lattice (Graphite)
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High melting point Conducts Electricity
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Physical Properties - Simple molecular
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Low melting point Doesn't conduct electricity
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Physical Properties - Coordinate bond
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Depends on overall structure
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Physical Properties - Giant ionic bond
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Brittle High melting point Conducts electricity when melted and aqueous Doesn't electricity when solid
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Physical Properties - Metallic bonds
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High melting point Conducts electricity Malleable Ductile
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Physical Properties - Hydrogen bond (Ice)
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273K melting point (low) Pure ice doesn't conduct electricity
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Electronegativity
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The tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
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Intramolecular force
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Between atoms inside a molecule
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Intramolecular force affects...
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Ionic bonds Metallic bonds Coordinate bonds Covalent bonds
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Intermolecular forces
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Between molecules
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Van der Waals forces
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Attractive forces exist between non-polar covalent molecules, such as alkanes or divalent gases.
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Divalent gases
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O₂, F₂, N₂
