APWH Chapter 34 – Flashcards
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The spark for World War I was
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Provided when Gavrilo Princip assassinated the Archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand
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The first total war in world history was
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The Great War/World War I
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Approximately how many combatants died in World War I?
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15 million
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Self-determination
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The term for the idea that people with the same ethnic origins, language and political ideals had the right to form sovereign states.
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Nationalistic aspirations of subject minorities were most threatening to a state such as
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Austria-Hungary
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Pan-Slavism
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Was actively promoted by Russia
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England's industrial output in 1914
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Stood at 14%, roughly the same as Germany's
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Areas of competition and conflict between England and Germany in the years leading up to WWI
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Not: Oceans (naval race), east/southwest Africa
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The desire to ensure it's "Place in the sun" was a common complaint of
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Germany
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Triple Alliance
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Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy
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The Triple Alliance was threatened from the very beginning by
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Italy's policy of aggrandizement at the expense of the Ottoman Empire and Italy's rivalry with Austria-Hungary in the Balkans
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The French were deeply suspicious of German expansion because of
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The inability of the French to forget their humiliating defeat in the Franco-Prussian war
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Plan XVII
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Amounted to a veritable celebration of offensive maneuvers-"attack" undertaken always and everywhere
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Schlieffen Plan
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The military plan that called for an invasion of France through Belgium
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Gavrilo Princip
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A Bosnian Serb who assassinated the Archduke and his wife
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The last tsar of Russia
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Nicholas II
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Nicholas II mobilized Russian armed forces following
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The Austro-Hungarian declaration of war on Serbia
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The soldiers who marched off in 1914 to fight in World War I were mostly
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Wildly enthusiastic
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What was the motto of the Americans?
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"To make the world safe for democracy"
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The German offensive of 1914
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Was halted at the River Marne (western front)
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The western front in World War I was
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A bloody stalemate
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The massive German assault on the western front in 1916
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Was unsuccessful because they didn't make it past the French troops of Verdun; French counted 315,000 dead and German counted 280,000
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The Somme
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A battle fought to relieve the pressure on Verdun by the British and by November they had gained a few thousand yards at the cost of 420,000 casualties (An English assault in 1916 that gained a few thousand yards)
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In World War I, the eastern front
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Was ultimately a spectacular German success
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Which of the following was not a characteristic of the new total war of World War I?
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Was: barbed wire, new weapons (poisonous mustard gas, machine gun), tanks, airplanes, submarine, no mans land
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Wilfred Owen (World War I poet) considered Horace's line
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"It is sweet and proper to die for one's country" to be and "old lie"
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What effect did World War I have on the status of women?
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They took the men's work during the war, gained voting rights in some countries after war, discouraged patriarchal family system in Russia and China
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Joseph Caillaux's experience during World War I demonstrated that
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Governments censored bad news and vilified the enemy through propaganda campaigns
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Explanation of the expansion of World War I to Asia, Africa and the Pacific
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Not: The German invasion of neutral Belgium was such a profound breech of international law
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The Twenty-One Demands
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Were issued to China from japan on January 18, 1915
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The Japanese fought in World War I due to their
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Determination to dominate East Asia
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Which of the following was a German African colony conquered by the Allies in World War I?
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Togoland, The Cameroons, German southwest Africa, German east Africa
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The Battle of Gallipoli
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Was a disaster. Allied soldiers were pinned on the beaches by the Turkish, led to a weakening of imperial ties and paved the way for emerging national identities
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To lead the bedouins of Arabia against Ottoman rule, T. E. Lawrence worked with
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British intelligence services as a military adviser among the Arabs in revolt against Turkish rule
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The February Revolution of 1917
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Was an unplanned and incomplete affair, Russia ceased to be a monarchy
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The main reason for the failure of the provisional government in Russia in 1917 was
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Soviets of workers' and soldiers' deputies surfaced all over Russia, failed to satisfy popular demands for an end to war/for land reform
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The main difference between the philosophies of Marx and Lenin was
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Lenin viewed the industrial working class as incapable of developing the proper revolutionary consciousness that would lead to effective political action
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The most famous motto of the Russian Revolution was
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"Peace, land, and bread"
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The Treaty of Brest Litovsk
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Ended Russia's involvement in the Great War, gave Germans possession of 1/3 of Russia's territory and 1/4 of Russia's population
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The key factor in the United States' decision to enter World War I was
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Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in February 1917
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The Influenza Pandemic of 1918
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Left more than 20 million dead and was helped spread by wartime traffic on land/sea
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One of the major problems of the Paris peace negotiations that led to the Treaty of Versailles was
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The Allies didn't permit representatives of the Central Powers to participate
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Woodrow Wilson agreed to many harsh stipulations to the Treaty of Versailles
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In return for the creation of the Leaue of Nations
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Woodrow Wilson's 14 point peace plan
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1-5: Remove the MAIN causes of conflict 6-13: Redraw the map by self-determination 14:League of Nations
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Mustapha Kemal
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Became president of the Republic of Turkey in the wake of World War I
