APWH Ch.4 – Flashcards
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The chief god of the early Aryans was a. Enlil. b. a mother goddess. c. Varuna. d. Indra. e. Manu.
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d. Indra
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After the Aryans and Dravidians mixed and intermingled, a. Indra still remained the leading god. b. Indra disappeared completely. c. Amon-Re replaced Indra as the ruler of the gods. d. the worship of Indra evolved into a monotheistic religion. e. Indra receded into the background.
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e. Indra receded into the background
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Archaeologists in India have discovered that between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E., a. the Aryan migration took place. b. the Aryans worshipped Indra. c. a war was fought between the Dravidians and the Mesopotamians. d. cultivators built a neolithic society west of the Indus River. e. an active trading network existed with the Chinese.
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d. cultivators built a neolithic society west of the Indus River.
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The earliest known urban society in India was the a. Bantu. b. Indo-European. c. Harappan. d. Sumerian. e. Hindu.
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c. Harppan
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Much of early Harappan history remains a mystery because a. the archaeological remains are under water. b. they lacked a written language. c. their records were destroyed by a Mesopotamian invasion. d. the Aryans undertook a systematic destruction of Harappan written records. e. None of these answers is correct.
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e. none are correct
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If the Greek historian Herodotus had known of the Harappan society, he might have used the phrase "the gift of the ________" to describe it. a. Nile b. Tigris c. Indus d. Yangtze e. Euphrates
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c. Indus
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Chickens were first domesticated in a. China. b. Mesopotamia. c. Greece. d. Egypt. e. India.
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b. Mesopotamia
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Mohenjo-daro was a. the mother goddess of the earliest Indian society. b. an important early thinker in the rise of Hinduism. c. one of the two main cities of the Harappan society. d. a collection of early Indian religious texts. e. the combination of two Indian sun gods.
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c. one of two main cities of Harppan society
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Based on archaeological evidence from early Indian history, historians believe that a. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro served as economic and political centers. b. the Harappan world was one of constant civil war. c. the Chinese were a constant influence. d. there was little true culture in India before the arrival of the Indo-Europeans. e. early Indian cities remained small and unsophisticated by comparison to other ancient cities.
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a. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro served as economic and political centers.
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At its height, the population of Mohenjo-daro reached a. 10,000. b. 20,000. c. 40,000. d. 75,000. e. 100,000.
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c. 40,000
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Evidence relating to trade indicates that Harappan India a. was isolated and did not trade. b. traded exclusively with China. c. traded exclusively with Egypt. d. imported substantially more than they exported. e. traded with the Mesopotamians.
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e. Mesopotamians
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Which statement about Harappan society is FALSE? a. Most of their houses featured private showers and toilets. b. They traded extensively with the Mesopotamians. c. They had social distinctions. d. Their writings have provided a wealth of information for historians. e. They produced representational art.
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d. Their writings have provided a wealth of information for historians.
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Harappan religion a. focused on the worship of the sun. b. was strongly monotheistic. c. reflected a strong concern for fertility. d. focused on the worship of the moon. e. is the same as Hinduism.
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c. reflected a strong for fertility
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Some scholars believe that, after the collapse of the Harappan society, Harappan deities a. disappeared completely. b. quickly became the only gods of the Indo-Europeans. c. survived and found a place in the Hindu pantheon. d. survived in southeast Asia after the Harappan migration. e. were transformed into destructive dragons by the Aryans.
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c. survived and found a place in the Hindu pantheon
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One of the biggest reasons for the decline of the Harappan society was likely a. a devastating plague. b. ecological degradation. c. a Chinese invasion. d. a Mesopotamian invasion. e. a bloody civil war.
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b. ecological degradation
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The Indo-Europeans who entered India called themselves Aryans, which means a. "agents of the lord king." b. "horse masters." c. "noble people." d. "people of Indra." e. "the pure."
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c. "noble people"
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The Aryans were a. the priestly class of the Harappan society. b. Chinese merchants. c. the political remnants of the Harappan kings. d. Indo-Europeans. e. Germanic invaders.
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a. the priestly class of the Harappan society
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The Aryans came into India a. in a centuries-long migration. b. as part of a violent, organized military campaign. c. as religious pilgrims. d. after fleeing persecution in China. e. as a slave class that eventually rebelled against Harappan repression.
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a. in a centuries-long migration
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Which of the following statements about the Aryans is NOT true? a. They might have been the first people to domesticate horses, hitching them to carts and wagons. b. They spread variations of their language from India to Europe. c. Their original homeland was probably the Ukraine and southern Russia. d. They brought the first written language to India. e. They consumed both dairy products and beef.
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c. their original homeland was probably the Ukrain and the southern Russia.
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The biggest military advantage of the Indo-Europeans was a. their horses. b. their use of bronze weapons. c. their use of iron weapons. d. their use of battering rams. e. their camels.
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a. their horses
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Most of our information about the early Aryans comes from the a. Upanishads. b. Vedas. c. Dasas. d. Rajas. e. Book of Songs.
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b. vedas
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The Aryans referred to social classes by the term a. karmas. b. varnas. c. moksha. d. samsara. e. rajas.
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b. varnas
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Which of the following social classes in the caste system is associated with warriors and aristocrats? a. shudras b. kshatriyas c. vaishyas d. brahmins e. dasas
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b. kshatriyas
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The task of butchering animals or handling dead bodies usually fell to the a. untouchables. b. shudras. c. vaishyas. d. jati. e. kshatriyas
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a. untouchables
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Which of the following answers reflects the early varna hierarchy from highest to lowest? a. brahmins, kshatriyas, vaishyas, shudras b. kshatriyas, brahmins, vaishyas, shudras c. brahmins, kshatriyas, shudras, vaishyas d. kshatriyas, vaishyas, brahmins, shudras e. kshatriyas, brahmins, shudras, vaishyas
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a. brahmins, kshatriyas, vaishyas, shudras
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A jati is a. a subcaste. b. a serf in the caste system. c. another name for the transmigration of the soul. d. a priest in the caste system. e. an untouchable.
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a. a subcaste
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The first century B.C.E. work that dealt with moral behavior and social relationships was the a. Upanishads. b. Rig Veda. c. Varna. d. Lawbook of Manu. e. Book of Songs.
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d. Lawbook of Manu
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When a Hindu widow voluntarily threw herself on her dead husband's funeral pyre it was known as a. jati. b. manu. c. samsara. d. sati. e. dasa.
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d. sati
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Vedic society was a. strongly matriarchal. b. marked by equality of the sexes. c. strongly patriarchal. d. alternately patriarchal and matriarchal, depending upon which god was in power. e. strongly patriarchal until the creation of the Lawbook of Manu changed gender rules.
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c. strongly patriarchal
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. What Aryan god was associated with war and rain? a. Varuna b. Indra c. Agni d. Krishna e. Inanna
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b. Indra
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The Aryans believed that Varuna a. was the founder of India. b. represented war and rain. c. oversaw the behavior of mortals and preserved the cosmic order. d. determined the caste that souls entered into as part of transmigration. e. wrote the Lawbook of Manu.
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c. oversaw the behavior of mortals and preserved the cosmic order.
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The most important aspect of the Aryan religion during the early Vedic times was a. the proper performance of ritual sacrifices. b. an ethical code of conduct. c. a tightly-structured monotheism. d. the acceptance of Indra as the redeemer. e. the enlightenment of the Buddha.
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a. the proper performance of ritual sacrifices
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The hallucinogenic concoction drunk by Aryans during ritual sacrifices was known as a. Varuna. b. soma. c. agni. d. sati e.dasa
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b.soma
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The "World of the Fathers" a. is a term associated with the brahmin caste. b. is the concept which best expresses the patriarchal nature of Indian society. c. represents the hierarchical nature of the caste system. d. was the Aryan heaven. e. was the goal of adolescent boys as they underwent ritualistic circumcision.
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d. was the Aryan heaven
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The Upanishads were a. the priestly class from the caste system. b. a branch of the Indo-Europeans who settled in northern India. c. commentaries and reflections on the Vedas. d. warriors. e. the untouchables.
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c. commentaries and reflections on the Vedas
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In Hinduism the highest goal of the individual soul was to a. follow the Four Noble Truths. b. escape the cycle of birth and rebirth and enter into permanent union with Brahman. c. enter into permanent union with Indra and thus escape the cycle of permanent rebirth. d. fulfill the individual's special destiny as spelled out in the process of predestination. e. perform sati.
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b. escape the cycle of birth and rebirth and enter into permanent union with Brahman.
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This passage from the Upanishads explains what Hindu concept? "Now as a man is like this or like that, according as he acts and according as he behaves, so will he be: a man of good acts will become good, a man of bad acts, bad." a. dharma b. samsara c. varna d. karma e. moksha
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d.karma
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The two principal means to achieve the goal of moksha are a. righteous battle and conquest. b. asceticism and meditation. c. intellectual stimulation and hedonistic pleasure. d. artistic expression and logical intellectual progression. e. blood-letting and human sacrifice.
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b.asceticism and meditation
