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Former Confederate states would be readmitted to the Union if 10% of their citizens took a loyalty oath and the state agreed to ratify the 13th Amendment which outlawed slavery. Not put into effect because Lincoln was assassinated.

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Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan

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Bill declared that the Reconstruction of the South was a legislative, not executive, matter. It was an attempt to weaken the power of the president. Lincoln vetoed it. ______ Manifesto said Lincoln was acting like a dictator by vetoing. Bill required that a majority of citizens take an oath and that officials take an "ironclad oath"

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Wade-Davis Bill

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Mirrored Lincoln's plan but omitted 10% plan, issued Proclamation of Amnesty but Johnson ended up pardoning many former Confederates. Johnson favored quick Reconstruction and wanted former Confederate states to return as soon as possible

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Johnson's plan

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1865 - Freed all slaves, abolished slavery. 1866, ratified 1868. It fixed provision of the Civil Rights Bill: full citizenship to all native-born or naturalized Americans, including former slaves and immigrants. Ratified 1870 - No one could be denied the right to vote on account of race, color or having been a slave. It was to prevent states from amending their constitutions to deny black suffrage.

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13th , 14th, and 15th Amendments

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The __________ were local laws intended to force African-Americans to continue working as plantation laborers. They imposed prohibitive taxes, harsh vagrancy laws meant to intimidate the freedmen, restrictions on blacks' ability to own property. Essentially, they condemned the newly-freed slaves to conditions not unlike slavery.

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Black Codes

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Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs.

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Freedmen's Bureau

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Bill that was vetoed by Johnson but overrode by Congress, turned into the Civil Rights Act of 1866

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Trumbull's Civil Rights Bill

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1866 - Prohibited abridgement of rights of blacks or any other citizens.

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Civil Rights Act of 1866

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Former Confederates were elected to Congress but Congress wouldn't allow them back in because of the Civil War, Republicans ruled Congress but fought with Johnson

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Congressional elections of 1866

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The practice of reviving unpleasant memories from the past. Representative Ben F. Butler waved before the House a bloodstained nightshirt of a carpetbagger flogged by Klan members.

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"Waving the bloody shirt"

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The ________ wanted to social structure of the South to be changed before it was restored to the Union. They wanted the planters punished and the blacks protected by federal power. They were against Abraham Lincoln because they thought he was too soft

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Radical Republicans

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As a leader of the radical Republicans' Reconstruction program after the Civil War, _________ saw the Southern states as "conquered provinces." He sincerely desired the betterment of the lives African-Americans. He proposed the Fourteenth Amendment, guaranteeing civil rights and was a leader in the impeachment of President Johnson.

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Thaddeus Stevens

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_______ was the aggressive abolitionist who was physically assaulted by Preston Brooks after making a strong antislavery speech. He was one of the leaders of the radical Republicans' Reconstruction program and was also an active participant in the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.

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Charles Sumner

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The ___________ divided the Confederate states except Tennessee into five military districts. Military commanders in the districts were appointed to oversee constitutional conventions in the districts and the creation of state constitutions. This military occupation would last until the states created new constitutions that included black suffrage, the permanent disfranchisement of Confederate leaders, and ratification of the 14th Amendment.

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Reconstruction Act of 1867

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a measure passed by Congress in 1867. It prohibited the president from dismissing any cabinet member or other federal officeholder whose appointment had required the consent of the Senate unless the Senate agreed to the dismissal. Johnson's violation of this act caused the impeachment crisis.

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Tenure of Office Act

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As Secretary of War, ______ acted as a spy for the radicals in cabinet meetings. President Johnson asked him to resign in 1867. The dismissal of _____ let to the impeachment of Johnson because Johnson had broken the Tenure of Office Law.

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Edwin Stanton

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President Johnson was _________ for breaking the Tenure of Office Act among others. He was found innocent by one vote

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Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

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Ulysses S. Grant, Republican v. Horatio Seymour, Democrat who wanted to withdraw from the election, Grant won by a closer than expected margin

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Election of 1868

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U.S. president 1873-1877. Military hero of the Civil War, he led a corrupt administration, consisting of friends and relatives. Although _____ was personally a very honest and moral man, his administration was considered the most corrupt the U.S. had had at that time.

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President Grant

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A derogatory term applied to Northerners who migrated south during the Reconstruction to take advantage of opportunities to advance their own fortunes by buying up land from desperate Southerners and by manipulating new black voters to obtain lucrative government contracts.

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Carpetbaggers

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A derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners.

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Scalawags

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__________ provided the necessities for Black farmers. Storekeepers granted credit until the farm was harvested. To protect the creditor, the storekeeper took a mortgage, or ____, on the tenant's share of the crop. The system was abused and uneducated blacks were taken advantage of. The results, for Blacks, was not unlike slavery

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Sharecropping and crop lien system

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White-supremacist group formed by six former Conferedate officers after the Civil War. Name is essentially Greek for "Circle of Friends". Group eventually turned to terrorist attacks on blacks. The original ____ was disbanded in 1869, but was later resurrected by white supremacists in 1915.

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Ku Klux Klan

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primarily introduced with the Force Act to prevent African-Americans from the KKK

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Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871

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a political coalition in the Southern United States during the Reconstruction era, who sought to oust the Republican coalition of freedmen, carpetbaggers and scalawags. They were the southern wing of the Bourbon Democrats, who were the conservative, pro-business wing of the Democratic Party.

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Redeemers

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During the Grant administration, a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars.

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Whiskey Ring

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A construction company owned by the larger stockholders of the Union Pacific Railroad. After Union Pacific received the government contract to build the transcontinental railraod, it "hired" __________ to do the actual construction, charging the federal government nearly twice the actual cost of the project. When the scheme was discovered, the company tried to bribe Congress with gifts of stock to stop the investigation. This percipitated the biggest bribery scandal in U.S. history, and led to greater public awareness of government corruption.

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Credit Mobilier

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Unrestrained speculation on the railroads let to disaster - inflation and strikes by railroad workers. 18,000 businesses failed and 3 million people were out of work. Federal troops were called in to end the strike.

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Depression of 1873

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This Act guaranteed that everyone, regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude, was entitled to the same treatment in "public accommodations" (i.e. inns, public conveyances on land or water, theaters, and other places of public amusement).

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Civil Rights Act of 1875

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Rutherford B. Hayes - liberal Republican, Civil War general, he received only 165 electoral votes. Samuel J. Tilden - Democrat, received 264,000 more popular votes that Hayes, and 184 of the 185 electoral votes needed to win. 20 electoral votes were disputed, and an electoral commission decided that Hayes was the winner - fraud was suspected.

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Election of 1876

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___________ was a Republican governor from Ohio. He had spent majority of his term as governor reforming the government and politics within Ohio. He was elected president in 1876 by the Compromise of 1877. ______ was known as the "caretaker" president because he just took care of the country.

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Rutherford B. Hayes

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A New York lawyer who rose to fame by bagging big boss Tweed, a notorious New York political boss in New York. _____ was nominated for President in 1876 by the Democratic party because of his clean up image. This election was so close that it led to the compromise of 1877. Even though _______ had more popular votes the compromise gave presidency to the Republicans and allowed the Democrats to stop reconstruction in the south.

answer

Samuel Tilden

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