question

1. In the 1820s and 1830s one issue that greatly raised the political stakes was

answer

slavery.

question

2. The new two party political system that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s

answer

became an important part of the nation's checks and balances.

question

3. In the 1820s and 1830s the public's attitude regarding political parties

answer

accepted the sometimes wild contentiousness of political life.

question

4. The presidential election of 1824 was the first one to see the election of

answer

a minority president.

question

By the 1840s new techniques of politicking included all of the following except

answer

deference

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5. By the 1840s voter participation in the presidential election reached

answer

nearly 80 percent.

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6. Match each individual below with the correct statement.

answer

· Andrew Jackson~received more popular votes than any other candidate in 1824. · Henry Clay~was eliminated as a candidate when the election of 1824 was thrown into the House of Representatives. · John C. Calhoun~was vice president on the ticket of two presidential candidates in 1824.

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7. The House of Representatives decided the 1824 presidential election when

answer

no candidate received a majority of the vote in the Electoral College.

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8. John Quincy Adams, elected president in 1825, was charged by his political opponents with having struck a "corrupt bargain" when

answer

he appointed Henry Clay to become secretary of state.

question

9. As president, John Quincy Adams

answer

was one of the least successful presidents in American history.

question

10. John Quincy Adams could be described as

answer

possessing almost none of the arts of the politician.

question

11. John Quincy Adams's weaknesses as president included all of the following except

answer

his firing good office holders to appoint his own people.

question

12. Andrew Jackson's political philosophy was based on his

answer

suspicion of the federal government.

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13. Andrew Jackson's inauguration as president symbolized the

answer

newly won ascendancy of the masses.

question

14. The purpose behind the spoils system was

answer

to reward political supporters with public office.

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15. The spoils system under Andrew Jackson resulted in

answer

the appointment of many corrupt and incompetent officials to federal jobs.

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16. The people who proposed the exceptionally high rates of the Tariff of 1828 were

answer

ardent supporters of Andrew Jackson.

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17. The section of the United States most hurt by the Tariff of 1828

answer

were the South.

question

18. Southerners feared the Tariff of 1828 because

answer

this same power could be used to suppress slavery.

question

19. John C. Calhoun's "South Carolina Exposition" was

answer

an argument for states' rights.

question

20. The "nullification crisis" of 1832 to 1833 erupted over

answer

tariff policy.

question

21. The strong regional support for the Tariff of 1833 came from

answer

the South.

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22. The Force Bill of 1833 provided that

answer

the President could use the army and navy to collect federal tariff duties.

question

23. The person most responsible for defusing the tariff controversy that began in 1828 was

answer

Henry Clay.

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24. The nullification crisis of 1833 resulted in

answer

a clear cut victory for neither Andrew Jackson nor the nullifiers.

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25. In response to South Carolina's nullification of the Tariff of 1828, Andrew Jackson

answer

dispatched military forces to South Carolina.

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26. The nullification crisis started by South Carolina over the Tariff of 1828 ended when

answer

Congress passed the compromise Tariff of 1833.

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27. Andrew Jackson's administration supported the removal of Native Americans from the eastern states because

answer

whites wanted the Indians' lands.

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28. In their treatment of Native Americans, white Americans did all of the following except

answer

argue that Indians could not be assimilated into the larger society.

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29. In an effort to assimilate themselves into white society, the Cherokees did all of the following except

answer

refuse to own slaves.

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30. The policy of the Jackson administration toward the eastern Indian tribes was

answer

forced removal.

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31. Andrew Jackson and his supporters disliked the Bank of the United States for all of the following reasons except

answer

it put public service first, not profits.

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32. Andrew Jackson made all of the following charges against the Bank of the United States except

answer

that it refused to lend money to politicians.

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33. One of the positive aspects of the Bank of the United States was

answer

its promotion of economic expansion by making credit abundant.

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34. While in existence, the second Bank of the United States was

answer

the depository of the funds of the national government.

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35. Andrew Jackson's veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States was

answer

a major expansion of presidential power.

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36. Andrew Jackson based his veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States on

answer

the fact that he found the bill harmful to the nation.

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37. The Anti Masonic party of 1832 appealed to

answer

American suspicions of secret societies.

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38. Innovations in the election of 1832 included

answer

adoption of written party platforms.

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39. One of the main reasons Andrew Jackson decided to weaken the Bank of the United States after the 1832 election was

answer

his fear that Nicholas Biddle might try to manipulate the bank to force its recharter.

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40. Supporters of the Whig party included all of the following except

answer

opponents of public education.

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41. The "cement" that held the Whig party together in its formative days was

answer

hatred of Andrew Jackson.

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42. The Whigs hoped to win the 1836 election by forcing the election into

answer

the House of Representatives.

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43. The Panic of 1837 was caused by all of the following except

answer

taking the country off the gold standard.

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44. The Whigs offered all of the following proposals for the remedies of the economic ills facing America in 1837 except

answer

proposal of the "Divorce Bill."

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53. The "Tippecanoe" in the Whigs' 1840 campaign slogan was

answer

William Harrison.

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54. William Henry Harrison, the Whig party's presidential candidate in 1840, was

answer

made to look like a poor western farmer.

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55. Both the Democratic party and the Whig party were

answer

mass based political parties.

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56. The two political parties of the Jacksonian era tended to

answer

be socially and geographically diverse.

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56. During his long political career, John Quincy Adams was at one time or another

answer

a nationalist, secretary of state, a congressman, and president

question

57. While he was president, John Quincy Adams was roundly criticized for his

answer

land policy - Indian policy - support for internal improvements - supposed aristocratic life style

question

58. The presidential election of 1828 was characterized by

answer

mudslinging tactics by both parties against the opposing candidate, an unusually high voter turnout, both sides using trees to symbolize their candidate.

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59. Southerners disliked the Tariff of 1828 because it

answer

raised the price of manufactured goods and represented the growing power of the federal government

question

60. The South Carolina nullifying convention

answer

declared the tariff of 1832 null and void within South Carolina, ordered the South Carolina state legislature to make, military preparations to defend the state, nullified the Force Bill passed by Congress threatened to secede from the Union if the national government tried to force the state into compliance with congressional law. (all of the above?)

question

61. In his veto of the bank recharter bill, President Jackson claimed that the bank was

answer

a major expansion of presidential power.

question

62. The Anti-Masonic party

answer

was an anti-Jackson party & was the nation's first third party.

question

63. Following his election in 1832, President Jackson decided to

answer

remove federal funds from the Bank of the United States gradually, stop depositing federal funds in the Bank of the United States, start depositing federal funds in several "pet" state banks

question

64. The Whig party drew support from

answer

Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, southerners and states' rights, large northern industrialists and merchants

question

65. The panic of 1837 was the result of

answer

over-speculation in internal improvements, the Bank War and Specie Circular, economic distress in Europe

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57. Life on the frontier was

answer

downright grim for most pioneer families.

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1. All of the following gave rise to a more dynamic, market

answer

oriented, national economy in early nineteenth century America-push west in search of cheap land, a vast number of European immigrants settling in the cities, newly invented machinery, and better roads, faster steamboats, further-reaching canals, and tentacle-stretching railroads.

question

2. Pioneering Americans marooned by geography

answer

became ill informed and individualistic in their attitudes.

question

3. In early nineteenth century America,

answer

the urban population was growing at an unprecedented rate.

question

4. The dramatic growth of American cities between 1800 and 1860

answer

resulted in unsanitary conditions in many communities.

question

5. "Ecological imperialism" can best be described as

answer

the aggressive exploitation of the West's bounty.

question

6. George Catlin advocated

answer

the preservation of nature as a national policy.

question

7. The influx of immigrants to the United States tripled, then quadrupled, in the

answer

1840s and 1850s.

question

8. Ireland's great export in the 1840s was

answer

people.

question

9. The Irish immigrants to early nineteenth

answer

century America-were mostly Roman Catholics and hated the British.

question

10. When the Irish flocked to the United States in the 1840s, they stayed in the larger seaboard cities because they

answer

were too poor to move west and buy land.

question

11. When the "famine Irish" came to America, they

answer

mostly remained in the port cities of the Northeast.

question

12. Native born Protestant Americans distrusted and resented the Irish mostly because these immigrants

answer

were Roman Catholic.

question

13. German immigrants in the early nineteenth century tended to

answer

preserve their own language and culture.

question

14. German immigrants to the United States

answer

came to escape economic hardships and autocratic government.

question

15. When German immigrants came to the United States, they

answer

prospered with astonishing ease.

question

16. Those who were frightened by the rapid influx of Irish immigrants organized

answer

the Order of the Star Spangled Banner.

question

17. The sentiment of fear and opposition to open immigration was

answer

called nativism.

question

18. Native born Americans feared that Catholic immigrants to the United States would

answer

"establish" the Catholic Church at the expense of Protestantism.

question

19. Immigrants coming to the United States before 1860

answer

helped to fuel economic expansion.

question

20. The "Father of the Factory System" in the United States was

answer

Samuel Slater.

question

21. Eli Whitney was instrumental in the invention of the

answer

cotton gin.

question

22. Most of the cotton produced in the American South after the invention of the cotton gin was

answer

sold to England.

question

23. The American phase of the industrial revolution first blossomed

answer

with textile mills.

question

24. As a result of the development of the cotton gin,

answer

slavery revived and expanded.

question

25. The underlying basis for modern mass production was

answer

the use of interchangeable parts.

question

26. The early factory system distributed its benefits

answer

mostly to the owners.

question

27. Match each individual below with the correct invention.

answer

· Samuel Morse -telegraph · Cyrus McCormick - reaper · Elias Howe- sewing machine · Robert Fulton- steamboat

question

28. The American work force in the early nineteenth century was characterized by

answer

substantial employment of women and children in factories.

question

29. One reason that the lot of adult wage earners improved was

answer

the enfranchisement of the laboring man.

question

30. In the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt, the supreme court of Massachusetts ruled that

answer

labor unions were not illegal conspiracies.

question

31. The "cult of domesticity"

answer

glorified the traditional role of women as homemakers.

question

32. Early nineteenth century American families

answer

were getting smaller.

question

33. One of the goals of the child centered family of the 1800s was

answer

to raise independent individuals.

question

34. The effect of early nineteenth century industrialization on the trans Allegheny West was

answer

to encourage specialized, cash crop agriculture.

question

35. With the development of cash crop agriculture in the trans Allegheny West,

answer

farmers quickly faced mounting indebtedness.

question

36. In the 1790's a major transportation project linking the East to the trans Allegheny West was

answer

the Lancaster Turnpike.

question

37. Western road building faced all of the following problems except

answer

competition from canals.

question

38. The major application for steamboats transporting freight and passengers in the United States was

answer

on western and southern rivers.

question

39. The "canal era" of American history began with the construction of the

answer

Erie Canal in New York.

question

40. Construction of the Erie Canal

answer

forced some New England farmers to move or change occupations.

question

41. Most early railroads in the United States were built in the

answer

North.

question

42. Compared with canals, railroads

answer

could be built almost anywhere.

question

43. In the new continental economy, each region specialized in a particular economic activity:

answer

the South grew cotton for export; the West grew grains and livestock to feed eastern factory workers; and the East made machines and textiles for the other two regions.

question

44. As a result of the transportation revolution,

answer

each region in the nation specialized in a particular type of economic activity.

question

45. In general, _______ tended to bind the West and South together, while ____ and _____ connected West to East.

answer

steamboats, canals, railroads

question

46. All of the following were legal questions raised as a result of the new market economy:

answer

how tightly should patents pretect inventions? should the government regulate monopolies? can a democratic government still support slavery? who should own these new technologies?

question

47. As the new continental market economy grew,

answer

the home came to be viewed as a refuge from the workday world.

question

48. A major economic consequence of the transportation and marketing revolutions was

answer

a steady improvement in average wages and standards of living.

question

49. America's early nineteenth century population was

answer

notable for its restlessness.

question

50. Factors encouraging the growth of immigration rates in the first half of the nineteenth century included the

answer

rapid growth rate of the European population.

question

51. The growth of industry and the factory system in the United States was slowed by

answer

the scarcity of labor.

question

52. The Northeast became the center of early nineteenth century American industry because it had

answer

abundant water power.

question

53. The growth of early

answer

nineteenth-century American manufacturing was-stimulated by theWar of 1812.

question

54. By 1850, America's factory system was

answer

producing textiles.

question

55. The concentration of capital for investment in large scale enterprises in the early nineteenth century was

answer

promoted by the wider acceptance of the principle of limited liability.

question

56. The turnpikes, canals, and steamboats as new transportation links generally encouraged

answer

lowering of freight rates.

question

57. Clipper ships and the Pony Express had in common

answer

speedy service.

question

58. Advances in manufacturing and transportation brought

answer

more prosperity and opportunity to most Americans.

question

1. The Deist faith embraced all of the following except

answer

the concept of original sin.

question

2. Deists like Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin endorsed the concept of

answer

a Supreme Being who created the universe.

question

3. By 1850, organized religion in America

answer

had lost some of its austere Calvinist rigor.

question

4. All the following are true of the Second Great Awakening except

answer

that it was not as large as the First Great Awakening.

question

5. Unitarians endorsed the concept of

answer

salvation through good works.

question

6. An early nineteenth century religious rationalist sect devoted to the rule of reason and free will was the

answer

Unitarians.

question

7. Religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening resulted in

answer

a strong religious influence in many areas of American life.

question

8. As a revivalist preacher, Charles Grandison Finney advocated,

answer

opposition to slavery, a perfect Christian kingdom on earth, opposition to alcohol and public prayer by women.

question

9. The greatest of the revival preachers of the Second Great Awakening was

answer

Charles G. Finney.

question

10. The Second Great Awakening tended to

answer

promote religious diversity.

question

11. The Mormon religion originated in

answer

the Burned Over District of New York.

question

12. The religious sects that gained most from the revivalism of the Second Great Awakening were

answer

the Methodists and Baptists.

question

13. The Second Great Awakening tended to

answer

widen the lines between classes and regions.

question

14. The original prophet of the Mormon religion was

answer

Joseph Smith.

question

15. William Miller

answer

is least related to Brigham Young, The Book of Mormom, Salt Lake City, and polygamy.

question

16. One characteristic of the Mormons that angered many non Mormons was

answer

their emphasis on cooperative or group effort.

question

17. Many of the denominational liberal arts colleges founded as a result of the Second Great Awakening

answer

lacked much intellectual vitality.

question

18. Tax supported public education was

answer

deemed essential for social stability and democracy.

question

19. In the first half of the nineteenth century, tax supported schools were

answer

chiefly available to educate the children of the poor.

question

20. Noah Webster's dictionary

answer

helped to standardize the American language.

question

21. One strong prejudice inhibiting women from obtaining higher education in the early nineteenth century was

answer

the belief that too much learning would injure women's brains and ruin their health.

question

22. Women became especially active in the social reforms stimulated by the Second Great Awakening because

answer

evangelical religion emphasized their spiritual dignity and religious social reform legitimized their activity outside the home.

question

23. Two areas where women in the nineteenth century were widely thought to be superior to men were

answer

moral sensibility and artistic refinement.

question

24. New England reformer Dorothea Dix is most notable for her efforts on behalf of

answer

prison and asylum reform.

question

25. The excessive consumption of alcohol by Americans in the 1800s

answer

stemmed from the hard and monotonous life of many.

question

26. Sexual differences were strongly emphasized in nineteenth century America because

answer

the market economy increasingly separated men and women into distinct economic roles.

question

27. One sign that women in America were treated better than women in Europe was

answer

that rape was more severely punished in the U.S.

question

28. Neal Dow sponsored the Maine Law of 1851, which called for

answer

a ban on the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquor.

question

29. By the 1850s, the crusade for women's rights was eclipsed by

answer

abolitionism.

question

30. According to John Humphrey Noyes, the key to happiness is

answer

the suppression of selfishness.

question

31. The beliefs advocated by John Humphrey Noyes included all of the following except

answer

strictly monogamous marriages.

question

32. The key to Oneida's financial success was

answer

the manufacture of steel animal traps and silverware.

question

33. The Oneida colony declined due to

answer

widespread criticism of its sexual practices.

question

34. The American medical profession by 1860 was noted for

answer

its still primitive standards.

question

35. Most of the utopian communities in pre 1860s America held _________ as one of their founding ideals.

answer

cooperative social and economic practices

question

36. Of the following, the most successful of the early nineteenth century communitarian experiments was

answer

at Oneida, New York.

question

37. When it came to scientific achievement, America in the 1800s was

answer

more interested in practical matters.

question

38. Match each individual below with the correct description.

answer

· Louis Agassiz- Harvard biologist · Gilbert Stuart- portrait artist · John J. Audubon- author of Birds of America

question

39. America's artistic achievements in the first half of the nineteenth century

answer

were least notable in architecture.

question

40. The Hudson River school excelled in the art of painting

answer

landscapes.

question

41. A genuinely American literature received a strong boost from

answer

the wave of nationalism that followed the War of 1812.

question

42. Match each writer below with his work.

answer

· Washington Irving ,The Sketch Bookwith "Rip Van Winkle" · James Fenimore Cooper-Leatherstocking Tales · Ralph Waldo Emerson- "The American Scholar"

question

43. Transcendentalists believed that all knowledge came through

answer

an inner light.

question

44. All of the following influenced transcendental thought;

answer

German philosophers, Oriental religions, individualism, and love of nature.

question

45. "Civil Disobedience," an essay that later influenced both Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr., was written by the transcendentalist

answer

Henry David Thoreau.

question

46. The Poet Laureate of Democracy, whose emotional and explicit writings expressed a deep love of the masses and enthusiasm for an expanding America, was

answer

Walt Whitman.

question

47. The most noteworthy southern novelist before the Civil War was

answer

William Gilmore Simms.

question

48. One American writer who did not believe in human goodness and social progress was

answer

Edgar Allan Poe.

question

49. Match each writer below with his work.

answer

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow-"Hiawatha" Nathaniel Hawthorne- The Scarlet Letter Herman Melville- Moby Dick

question

50. Virtually all the distinguished historians of early nineteenth century America came from

answer

New England.

question

175. The Mormons were advocates or practitioners of

answer

polygamy and theocracy

question

176. Early nineteenth-century American educators included

answer

horace mann, william h. mcguffey, noah webster, emma willard, and mary lyon

question

178. Social reformers of the early nineteenth century wanted to

answer

find a practical application for their evangelical religion, reaffirm traditional values in the confusion of industrialization, fulfill the ideals of american democracy

question

181. The Knickerbocker group of American writers included

answer

The Knickerbocker group of American writers included

question

182. American transcendentalist writers included

answer

ralph waldo emerson, henry david thoreau, margaret fuller

question

183. Transcendentalists were dedicated to

answer

individualism and self reliance

question

1. As a result of the introduction of the cotton gin, slavery was

answer

reinvigorated.

question

2. Members of the planter aristocracy

answer

dominated politics and society in the South.

question

3. All of the following were true of the American cotton economy under Cotton Kingdom except

answer

quick profits from cotton drew planters to its economic enterprise.

question

4. Plantation agriculture

answer

was wasteful largely because its excessive cultivation of cotton despoiled the good earth.

question

5. Plantation mistresses

answer

commanded a sizeable household staff of mostly female slaves.

question

6. Plantation agriculture was

answer

economically unstable and wasteful.

question

7. The plantation system of the Cotton South was

answer

increasingly monopolistic.

question

8. All of the following were weaknesses of the slave plantation system except

answer

that its land continued to remain in the hands of small farmers.

question

9. German and Irish immigration to the South was

answer

discouraged by competition with slave labor.

question

10. As their main crop, southern subsistence farmers raised

answer

corn.

question

11. Most white southerners were

answer

subsidence farmers.

question

12. All told, only about __ of white southerners owned slaves or belonged to a slaveholding family.

answer

¼

question

13. "We must get rid of slavery or we must get rid of freedom"

answer

Ralph Waldo Emmerson

question

14. By the mid nineteenth century,

answer

most slaves lived on large plantations

question

15. Most slaves in the South were owned by

answer

plantation owners.

question

16. The majority of southern whites owned no slaves because

answer

they could not afford the purchase price.

question

17. The most pro Union of the white southerners were

answer

people with northern economic interests.

question

18. Some southern slaves gained their freedom as a result of

answer

purchasing their way out of slavery.

question

19. The great increase of the slave population in the first half of the nineteenth century was largely due to

answer

natural reproduction.

question

20. Northern attitudes toward free blacks can best be described as

answer

liking the individual but despising the race.

question

21. For free blacks living in the North,

answer

discrimination was common.

question

22. The profitable southern slave system

answer

hobbled the economic development of the region as a whole.

question

23. Regarding work assignments, slaves were

answer

generally spared dangerous work.

question

24. Perhaps the slave's greatest horror, and the theme of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, was

answer

the enforced separation of slave families.

question

25. By 1860, slaves were concentrated in the "black belt" located in

answer

the Deep South states of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

question

26. As a substitute for the wage incentive system, slaveowners most often used the

answer

whip as a motivator.

question

27. By 1860, life for slaves was most difficult in the

answer

newer states of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

question

28. Forced separation of spouses, parents, and children was most common on

answer

small plantations and in the upper South

question

29. Most slaves were raised

answer

in stable two parent households.

question

30. One way slaves did not fight the system was

answer

by refusing to get an education.

question

31. As a result of white southerners' brutal treatment of their slaves and their fear of potential slave rebellions, the South

answer

developed a theory of biological racial superiority.

question

32. In the pre Civil War South, the most uncommon and least successful form of slave resistance was

answer

armed insurrection

question

33. Which one of the following has the least in common with the other four?

answer

John Quincy Adams

question

34. The idea of transporting blacks back to Africa was

answer

supported by the black leader Martin Delaney.

question

35. Match each abolitionist below with his publication.

answer

William Lloyd Garrison - The Liberator Theodore Dwight Weld - American Slavery as It Is Frederick Douglass - Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass David Walker - The Appeal 36. Know the following in chronological order:-American Colonization Society (1816), American Anti-Slavery Society (1833), Liberty party (1840).

question

37. William Lloyd Garrison pledged his dedication to

answer

the immediate abolition of slavery in the South.

question

38. Match each abolitionist below with his role in the movement.

answer

Wendell Phillips - abolitionist golden trumpet

question

Frederick Douglass

answer

black abolitionist Elijah P. Lovejoy - abolitionist martyr William Lloyd Garrison - abolitionist newspaper publisher

question

39. Many abolitionists turned to political action in 1840 when they backed the presidential candidate of

answer

the Liberty Party.

question

40. The voice of white southern abolitionism fell silent at the beginning

answer

of the 1830s.

question

41. In arguing for the continuation of slavery after 1830, southerners

answer

placed themselves in opposition to much of the rest of the Western world.

question

42. Those in the North who opposed the abolitionists believed that these opponents of slavery

answer

were creating disorder in America.

question

43. Conclusions made by Ulrich B. Phillips were that:

answer

slaves were racially inferior, slavery was a dying economic institution, planters treated their slaves with kindly paternalism, and that salves were passive by nature, and did not abhor slavery.

question

44. The South became the Cotton Kingdom in the early nineteenth century because of

answer

Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin, the new profitability of short staple cotton, and the opening of rich river bottomlands in the Gulf Coast states

question

45. Cotton became important to the prosperity of the North as well as the South because

answer

northern merchants handled the shipping of southern cotton and that cotton accounted for about half the value of all United States exports after 1840

question

46. The pre Civil War South was characterized by

answer

a well developed martial spirit, the lack of free, tax supported public education, a widening gap between rich and poor, a ruling planter aristocracy, a growing hostility to free speech and a free press.

question

47. Even those who did not own slaves in the pre Civil War South supported that institution because they

answer

dreamed of one day owning slaves themselves presumed themselves racially superior to black slaves.

question

48. Before the Civil War, free blacks

answer

were often the mulatto offspring of white fathers and black mothers, were often forbidden basic civil rights, were disliked in the North as well as the South

question

49. Slaves were

answer

regarded primarily as financial investments by their owners, the primary form of wealth in the South, and profitable for their owners.

question

50. The slave culture was characterized by

answer

a hybrid religion of Christianity and African elements, widespread illiteracy, and subtle forms of resistance.

question

51. After 1830, the abolitionist movement took a new, more energetic tone, encouraged by the

answer

success of the British having slavery abolished in the British West Indies, and the religious spirit of the Second Great Awakening.

question

52. The South's "positive good" argument for slavery claimed that

answer

slavery was supported by the Bible, and the Constitution, slavery converted the barbaric Africans to Christianity, slaves were treated as members of the family, and they were better off than most northern wage earners.

question

53. After 1830, most people in the North

answer

held that the Constitution sanctioned slavery and were alarmed by the radical abolitionists.

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