question

Second Bank of the US

answer

Chartered in 1816 this institution served as a depository for federal funds and a creditor for state banks but was blamed for the panic of 1819, and corruption haunted it until its charter was let to expire under President Jackson in 1836 who proclaimed it to be an unconstitutional extension of the federal government and a tool that rich capitalists used to corrupt American society.

question

National Road/Cumberland Road

answer

This helped fulfill a pressing need to improve the transportation system in 1825 by building a path from Cumberland, Maryland to the Ohio River and allowed unprecedented amounts of manufactured goods and people move about the country contributing to an expanding economy.

question

Tariff of 1816

answer

An 1816 protective duty that effectively limited competition from abroad on a wide range of manufactured items drawing criticism from agricultural areas but forging an important American industrial economy prevailed.

question

Erie Canal

answer

Americaʼs first major canal project, New York Governor Dewitt Clinton began its construction in 1817 and completed it in 1825 linking the Hudson River to the Great Lakes which dramatically lowered the cost of shipping and led to the growth of port cities along the length of the canal and its terminal points.

question

John Jacob Astor

answer

One of America's all time richest individuals, in 1812 he owned a highly successful fur company and exemplified the opportunity to make a fortune as well as America's expansion into the western frontier.

question

Mountain Men

answer

Fur trappers that spearheaded the western movement in the early 1800s, these tough individuals moved into the far western areas of the continent in search of furs that were becoming scarce in the east.

question

James Monroe

answer

President from 1817 until 1825, his presidency was the core of the Era of Good Feelings, characterized by a one-party political system, increasing economic opportunity, expansion westward, an upsurge of American nationalism, and his own efforts to avoid political controversy and conflict.

question

Era of Good Feeling

answer

The period between the end of the War of 1812 and the rise of Andrew Jackson in 1828, during which the United States was governed under a one-party system that promoted nationalism and cooperation, which was exemplified best by James Monroeʼs presidency as he strove to avoid political conflict and strengthen American nationalism.

question

John C. Calhoun

answer

Political figure throughout the Era of Good Feelings and the Age of Jackson, he served as James Monroeʼs secretary of war, as John Quincy Adamsʼs vice president, and then as Andrew Jacksonʼs vice president for one term but his firm belief in statesʼ rights and nullification ultimately brought him into conflict with Jackson.

question

Adams-Onis Treaty

answer

This treaty was signed in 1819 between the U.S. and Spain, in which Spain ceded eastern Florida to the U.S., renounced all claims to western Florida, and agreed to a southern border of the U.S. west of the Mississippi extending all the way to the Pacific Ocean while the US agreed to give up Texas that helped define the US-Mexico border.

question

Florida Purchase Treaty

answer

The US agreed to purchase Florida by assuming $5 million dollars worth of Spanish debt as part of the Adams-Onis treaty.

question

Panic of 1819

answer

The start of a two-year depression caused by extensive land speculation, the loose lending practices of state banks, a decline in European demand for American staple goods, and mismanagement within the Second Bank of the United States, this economic downturn exacerbated social divisions within the United States and is often called the beginning of the end of the Era of Good Feelings.

question

36-30

answer

The infamous line marked in the Missouri Compromise, these coordinates prohibited slavery north of the latitude line but allowed slavery to spread southward which (temporarily at least) resolved the threat of sectionalism to the Union.

question

Missouri Compromise

answer

Resolved the conflict surrounding the admission of Missouri to the Union as either a slave or free state, this made Missouri a slave state, admitted Maine as a free state, and prohibited slavery in the remainder of the Louisiana Territory.

question

Nationalism

answer

The growing patriotic feelings toward the entire country was spurred on by President Monroe, and beginning to supersede the pride one felt toward the state which they lived.

question

Dartmouth College vs. Woodward

answer

The Supreme Court under Justice John Marshall ruled that the state of New Hampshire could not convert Dartmouth College into a state university because that would violate the college's contract granted by King George III in 1769, and the Constitution forbids states from interfering with contracts which Democratic-Republicans interpreted as a shocking defeat for the states' rights and exposed the political conflicts still occurring during "the Era of Good Feelings."

question

McCulloch vs. Maryland

answer

1819 Supreme Court case that determined states could not tax federal institutions such as the Second Bank of the United States, this ruling asserted that the federal government wielded supreme power in its sphere and that no states could interfere with the exercise of federal powers which angered many Democratic Republicans who favored states' rights.

question

Cohens vs. Virginia

answer

An 1821 Marshall Court ruling that upheld the Supreme Court's jurisdiction to review a state court's decision where the case involved breaking federal laws (it reviewed a case from Virginia dealing with the sale of lottery tickets) that angered Virginia (even though the Supreme Court ruling agreed with Virginia) because this asserted federal authority over that of the states authority.

question

Daniel Webster

answer

One of the countryʼs leading statesmen in the first half of the nineteenth century, he was a Federalist lawyer from New Hampshire who won, the Dartmouth College vs. Woodward (1819) and McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819) Supreme Court cases, elected to Congress in 1822, and became a powerful defender of northern interests supporting the 1828 tariff and objecting to nullification and opposed many of Andrew Jacksons policies.

question

Fletcher vs. Peck

answer

1810 Marshall Supreme Court ruling over Georgiaʼs legislative attempt to revoke a land grant on the grounds that it had been obtained by corruption, the Court ruled that a state cannot arbitrarily interfere with a personʼs property rights which marked the first time a state law was voided on the grounds that it violated a principle of the United States Constitution.

question

Gibbons vs. Ogden

answer

1824 Supreme Court case involving state versus federal licensing rights for passenger ships between New York and New Jersey, devoted Federalist Marshall ruled that the states could not interfere with Congressʼs right to regulate interstate commerce by interpreting the "commerce" broadly to include all business, not just the exchange of goods.

question

Worchester vs. Georgia

answer

1832 Supreme Court where Chief Justice John Marshall ruled the Cherokee tribe comprised a "domestic dependent nation" within Georgia and thus deserved protection from harassment—in this case, from forced migration out of Georgia but that did little to deter Andrew Jackson who removed all Native Americans by 1838.

question

Monroe Doctrine

answer

Issued by President Monroe in December 1823, the doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization or influence, and paved the way for U.S. dominance of the Western Hemisphere.

question

American System

answer

The system devised by Henry Clay after the War of 1812 supported industrialization and included using federal money for internal improvements (roads, bridges, industrial improvements, etc), enacting a protective tariff to foster the growth of American industries, while also strengthening the national bank but was not backed by Monroe but gained support with John Quincy Adams.

question

States' Rights

answer

The concept that the individual states, and not the federal government, have the power to decide whether federal legislation or regulations are to be enforced within the individual states, supported by New England Federalists in the War of 1812 but later by many southerners in response to federal legislation around the Civil War and later Civil Rights in 1960s.

question

Henry Clay

answer

An important political figure during the Era of Good Feelings and the Age of Jackson, he engineered and championed the American System, as Speaker of the House he was instrumental in crafting much of the legislation that passed through Congress including the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Compromise of 1833, and the Compromise of 1850 until he died in 1852.

question

Election of 1824

answer

A presidential election where Jackson failed to win the electoral vote, so the election went to the House of Representatives where influential Speaker of the House Henry Clay backed Adams to win the election.

question

John Quincy Adams

answer

Son of John Adams, secretary of state to James Monroe and president from 1825 to 1829, he worked to expand the nationʼs borders and authored the Monroe Doctrine but his presidency was largely ineffective due to lack of popular support resulting in a Congress that blocked many of his proposed programs.

question

Corrupt Bargain

answer

Although Andrew Jackson won the highest percentage of popular and electoral votes in the 1824 election, he failed to win the required majority and the election was thrown to the House of Representatives where Clay backed Quincy Adams for president ensuring Adamsʼs victory and in return rewarded Clay by making him secretary of state.

question

William Crawford

answer

A presidential candidate in 1824, his poor health took him out of consideration in the disputed election which allowed Clay to shift his votes to John Quincy Adams and win the election (Crawford was also a Representative for Pennsylvania).

question

Democratic-Republican Party

answer

This party was composed mainly of the Anti-Federalists and generally opposed the power of the federal government over state governments; this party dominated presidential elections and was led by Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson.

question

Tariff of Abominations

answer

Name given by Southern politicians to the 1828 duty because it seriously hurt the Southʼs economy while benefiting Northern and Western industrial interests, and popular resistance to the tariff in South Carolina led to the Nullification Crisis.

question

National Republicans

answer

Led by Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams, this political party was one of the two new political parties that emerged in the late 1820s to challenge the dominant Republican Party and found its core support in the industrial Northeast and later transformed into the Whig Party.

question

Thomas McDonough

answer

His most notable achievement occurred during the War of 1812, where as commander of American naval forces in Lake Champlain he won the decisive Battle of Lake Champlain/Battle of Plattsburgh to help secure the United States would lose no territory to the British when writing the Treaty of Ghent.

question

Election of 1808

answer

This presidential election was between Democratic-Republican James Madison and Federalist Charles Pinckney, the country overwhelmingly selected the Democratic-Republican party continuing the Federalist decline.

question

Fort McHenry

answer

The 1812 Baltimore stronghold against British invasion, Francis Scott Key witnessed a devastating attack and penned the Star Spangled Banner as the US forces refused to surrender.

question

Sectionalism

answer

Different areas of the country were developing unique and separate cultures (as the North, South and West) that could potentially lead to conflict.

question

Joint Occupation

answer

In the Convention of 1818, the US and British negotiated to both occupy Oregon as "being free and open" to subjects of both states in order to prevent future conflict over the territory, signaling improving relations with Britain.

question

Convention of 1800/Treaty of Mortefontaine

answer

A meeting between US and France to settle hostilities that occurred during the Quasi-War which signaled improving relations with France (who needed to buy grain as their wars with Britain continued) and marked the end of foreign alliances for the United States.

question

Full Funding

answer

Hamiltonʼs controversial plan to repay all debt at face value, which would greatly enrich the wealthy but also stabilize the nationʼs financial credibility.

question

Custom Duties

answer

A tax or tariff on the exports of goods, a source of revenue for the new government.

question

Right of Deposit

answer

The ability to store goods in a port like New Orleans.

question

Austerlitz

answer

Napoleonʼs greatest military victory, defeating a Russian & Austrian army in a display of brilliant tactical decisions and ended the Third Estate War in France.

question

Orders in Council

answer

The British Response to the French Continental System in 1807, Britain forbade French trade with England, her colonies, or neutrals and instructed the Royal Navy to blockade the French and Allied ports which meant neutral American ships traveling to France would get caught in the Napoleonic War.

question

Berlin and Milan Decrees

answer

Napoleonʼs order in 1806 in order to cut Britain off from the rest of the world, which meant that American ships traveling to Britain to deposit goods would get caught in the Napoleonic War.

APUSH Unit 3 Chapter 8 Vocabulary – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards