APUSH unit 1 study guide – Flashcards
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Columbian Exchange
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a widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, and human populations, diseases, and ideas from when Columbus traveled to the New World
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Plantation
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a estate that grows crops (sugar tobacco cotton) and they usually have slave labor
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Capitalism
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a government system in which the trade and industry is controlled by the people (private owners)
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Christopher Columbus
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a explorer who discovered America and brought the Columbian Exchange
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Protestant Reformation
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a religious movement in the 16th century that tried to reform the Catholic Church but instead broke away and created the Protestant churches
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Roanoke Island
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Sir Walter Raleigh's failed colony of the coast of NC
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Joint-stock company
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a short term partnership between investors to fund commercial enterprise
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Jamestown
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the first permanent English settlement founded by the Virginia Company
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Act of Toleration
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Passed in Maryland, this act promised the acceptance of Christians but ordered the death of others like Jews and Atheists who denied Jesus Christ
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Lord Baltimore
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the first governor of Maryland
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New England
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tightly knit society based on strict religious practice (Puritanism) with public education mostly families who work by fishing, whaling, or merchants.
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Middle Colonies
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(NY, NJ, DE, Pen.) known as the "bread basket" the middle colonies had fertile soil and agriculture was a major part of the economy along with forestry and shipping/ fishing.
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Southern Colonies
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(SC, NC, VA, GE, MD) majority single males looking for ways to make money. Plantations were a big part of the economy and they were usually maintained by slaves or servants.
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Calvinism
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The doctrines and teaching of John Calvin and his followers, which emphasizing predestination, the grace of God, and the high authority of the Bible.
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Puritans
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They were English Protestant reformers who wanted to purify the Church of England.
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Separatist
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A small group of Puritans who wanted to break away entirely from the Church of England.
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Mayflower Compact
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An agreement created by those aboard the Mayflower to set up the government for when they settled in the New World
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Massachusetts Bay Colony
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Founded in 1630, this was established by non-separating puritans and soon grew to the largest and most influential colony of New England
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Great Migration
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A migration of 70,000 refugees from England to the North American Colonies who all had a similar mission to gain a better Christian life.
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Fundamental Orders
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Was the first "Modern Constitution" that established a democracy drafted by the river valley settlers
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Blue Laws
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AKA Sumptuary laws, designed for strict moral code. This was passed across the colonies perticually in Puritan NE
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Navigation Laws
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series of laws passed to regulate colony shipping
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Salutary Neglect
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unofficial policy relaxed royal control over colonial trade and weaken enforcement of navigation laws
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John Winthrop
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Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, his visions of the Puritan colony as a "city on a hill" controlled the New England colonial development and influenced the government and religion of neighboring colonies
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Anne Hutchinson
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had different views of the Puritans Massachusetts Bay Colony and was seen as an outcast and was brought to trail and was banished and then later killed by Indians
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Roger Williams
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Popular Salem minister who was an advocate for religious freedom and the separation of church and state. he also created the first baptist church in America.
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William Penn
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founder of Pennsylvania and was a Quaker
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Indentured Servants
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new settlers who paid of their debts to the people who paid for their fee to America by working as a servant for them for up to 7 years
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Headright system
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This encouraged the importance of indentured servants, this allowed individuals to gain 50 acres of land if they paid for a laborers passage to America
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Bacon's Rebellion
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An uprising in Virginia backcountry farmers and indentured servants led by Mr. Bacon; as a rebellion again governor Berkely's refusal to protect backcountry farmers from Indian attacks.
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Middle Passage
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A voyage slaves endured between Africa ans the colonies, the mortality rates were high
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Salem Witch Trials
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a series of trials that began after the accusations of 12 year old girls that claimed there were witches in Salem MA. A mass hysteria broke out and the trials claimed 20 lives
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Paxton Boys
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Armed march on Philadelphia by Scotts-Irish frontiersmen in protest against the Quaker establishment's lenient policies towards Native Americans.
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Regulatory Movement
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Violent uprising of backcountry settlers in NC against unfair taxation and the control of colonial affairs by the seaboard elite
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Great Awakening
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religious revival that went through the colonies. There was a emphasis on direct, emotive spirituality.
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Royal colonies
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colonies where the governors were appointed directly by the King. Governors often ran into trouble with colonial legislatures.
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Propietary colonies
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Colonies- Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware- under the control of local proprietors, who appointed colonial governors.
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Johnathan Edwards
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Ignited the first Great Awakening. He was a pastor and deeply believed in salvation through good works and the need for complete dependence on God's grace.
