APUSH Terms Chapter 19 – Flashcards
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Cummings v. County Board of Education
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The doctrine of "separate but equal" was approved by the Court and applied directly to schools.
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Dumbbell tenements
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About seven to eight stories in height with 30 four room apt. on a lot only 25 by 100 feet. 4 to 16 families lived on one floor with two toilets in the hall. The building would narrow in the middle to create an air shaft between adjoining buildings providing light and ventilation but prone to fires.
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Dwight L. Moody
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An Evangelist that conducted mass revival meetings across the country
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E.L. Godkin
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Editor of the influential Nation who was a member of the Mugwumps
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Edward Bellamy
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Dreamed of a cooperative society in which poverty, greed, and crime no longer existed. Published Looking Backward, 2000-1887 transforming him into a national reform figure overnight.
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femme couverte
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Under this doctrine wives were chattel of their husbands; they couldn't legally control their own earnings, property, or children unless a specific contract had been drawn up before marriage.
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Florence Kelley
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Devoted her life to the problem of child labor. She worked with Addams to push through the IL Factory Act of 1893 which mandated 8 hour days for women and kids under 14
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Frank Lloyd Wright
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Disciple of Sullivan who also believed that buildings should be designed for function and introduced skyscrapers
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Henry George
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Wrote Progress and Poverty which led the way to a more critical appraisal of society. Proposed the solution of "single tax".
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Herbert Spencer
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A social philosopher that took the evolutionary theories of Darwin and applied Darwinian principles of natural selection to society creating a theory of "social selection" or social Darwinism. Coined the term "survival of the fittest."
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Jacob Riis
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Described the poor population's lives in How the Other Half Lives 1890
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Jane Addams/Hull House
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A graduate of Rockford College in IL she opened this settlement house in the heart of the Chicago slums she intended to share the lives of the poor and humanize the industrial city. This settlement house stressed education, offering classes, and also offered courses in cooking, sewing, and manual skills.
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Lillian Wald
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Founded Henry Street Settlement in NY and focused on providing health care for the poor
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Louis H. Sullivan
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A leader of the new architecture movement along with John Root. He designed the Chicago Auditorium, the last masonry building. Later he stated that buildings should be designed for function.
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Morrill Land Grant Act
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Gave large grants of land to the state for the est. of colleges to teach "agriculture and the mechanic arts." (1862)
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Mugwumps
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A reform group that worked to end corruption in politics drawn mostly from educated upper class
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political machine
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As cities grew city gov'ts became confused on responsibilities increasing chance of corruption or greed while populations required streets, buildings and public services allowing this to take over
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Richard T. Ely
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Attacked classical economics for its dogmatism, simple faith in laissez-faire, and reliance on self-interest as a guide for human conduct. Him and followers founded the American Economic Association which linked economics to social problems and urged gov't intervention in economic affairs
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Robert Woods
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Founded South End House in Boston and focused on the problem of school dropouts
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single tax
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A tax on the "unearned increment" of land that rose in price and could make few people grow wealthy without them doing anything
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Social Darwinism
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A philosophy based on the writings of Herbert Spencer that created in theory a sort of "social selection" that tried to explain human progress such as "survival of the fittest" that preserved the strong and weeded out the weak.
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Social Gospel
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A religious philosophy that focused on society as well as individuals, on improving living conditions as well as saving souls
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streetcar suburbs
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A residential community whose growth and development was strongly shaped by the use of streetcar lines as a primary means of transportation.
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Susan B. Anthony
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A veteran of many reform campaigns, she tried to vote in the 1872 presidential election and was fined $100; she refused to pay. She helped form the National American Woman Suffrage Association to work for the enfranchisement of women.
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Thomas Nast
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A famous political cartoonist who was a member of the Mugwumps
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Victorian era
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Time of strict standards of dress, manners, and sexual behavior
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W.E.B. DuBois
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An African American sociologist and civil rights leader who attended Harvard but Yale was closed to him; he spoke about Jefferson Davis in his commencement speech treating it with contemptuous fairness
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William Dean Howells
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The prominent author of the time who explored the cities and stated that they stank.
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William G. Sumner
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A professor of political and social science at Yale U who argued that gov't action on behalf of the poor or weak interfered with evolution and sapped the species-reform tampered with the laws of nature.
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William Tweed
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Head of Tammany Hall in NY, was a model for all the "bosses" of the machines. The New York County Courthouse was his masterpiece.
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Women's Christian Temperance Union
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A group of women reformers who campaigned the prohibition of the sale of intoxicating liquors, hoping to end social evils that stemmed from drunkenness
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