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French-Indian fur trade

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Created an economic alliance between these two groups that served them well in the North American part of the Seven Years War

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Loyalists

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those colonists who believed that separation from Britain was the wrong move

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Seven Year' War

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War between Britain and France in Europe, spread to the New World with the French eliciting the support of the native population. France lost.

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patriots

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nickname given to colonial soldiers

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natural rights

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an idea that all humans are born with innate rights, life, liberty, and property

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Thomas Paine

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a passionate and persuasive writer who published the bestseller, common sense, had the radical idea that the colonies should set up America as an independent, democratic, republic separate from England

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Common Sense

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one of the most potent pamphlets ever written. Called for the colonists to realize their mistreatment and push for impendence from England

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Declaration of Independence

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a formal draft of a resolution created by continental congress, which broke all ties with the independent states of America and the British government and crown, created the idea in America that the colonies were now "states"

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Albany Plan of Union

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seven colonies north of VA met in Albany New York to plan defense from the French

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Fort Duquesne

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became one of the principal French outposts in the northern Ohio River Valley, destroyed nearby British Fort Necessity

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Edward Braddock

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British commander during French and Indian War, attempted to capture Fort Duquesne, he was defeated by the French and the Indians

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William Pitt

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in charge of British war effort agreed to reimburse colonies war funds, gaining American support

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Treaty of Paris 1763

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ended the Seven Years War in Europe and the parallel French and Indian War in North America, Britain won all of Canada and almost all of the modern US east of Mississippi

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Proclamation of 1763

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ordered by George III to keep more control over everything happening in the colonies, regulated expansion, colonists were mad bc slowed expansion and the crown took control of their western lands

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Cajuns

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a member of any of the largely self-contained communities in the bayou areas of southern Louisiana formed of French Canadians

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Consumer Revolution

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time period during which the desire for exotic imports increased dramatically due to economic expansion and population growth

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Squatters

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someone who settles on land they do not own

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Pontiac's Rebellion

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during the French and Indian War Chief Pontiac gathered Native groups and captured British Posts, primitive use of biological warfare on blankets weakened the Indian alliance and the British won

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Writ of Assistance

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enforced by customs officers, general search warrant that gave British officials freedom to search civilian property

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James Otis

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a young lawyer in Boston argues that colonists should not be taxed by Parliament because they could not vote for members of parliament, NO TAXATION WITHOUT COLONIST REPRESENTATION

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Internal tax

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taxed goods within the colonies acted like a sales tax

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External tax

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Applied to ports into the colonies; the merchant importing the good paid the tax on it

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George Grenville

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Prime minister who ordered the British navy to begin strictly enforcing the Navigation Acts

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Patrick Henry

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outspoken member of House of Burgesses; inspired colonial patriotism with "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death"

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Loyal Nine

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- a well-organized Patriot political organization shrouded in secrecy by nine likeminded citizens of Boston to protest the passing of the Stamp Act

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Virtual Representation

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the idea that the British parliament members virtually represented British colonists by speaking for all instead of just the district they were from

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Andrew Oliver

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Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Governor Thomas Hutchinson. He was incharge of collecting the tax from the Stamp Act throughout Massachusetts

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Sons of Liberty

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a radical political organization for the colonial independence which formed after the passage of the stamp act they incited riots after the Stamp Act was repealed many of the members formed the Committees of Correspondence

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Stamp Act Congress

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meeting of delegations from many of the colonies, the congress was formed to protest the newly passed Stamp Act, it was adopted a declaration of rights as well as sent letters of complaints to the king and parliament

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Albany Congress

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in response to French threat on their western frontiers, delegates from 7 colonies gathered to persuade Iroquois to abandon traditional neutrality and to coordinate defenses of colonies

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John Locke

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believed all people have a right to life, liberty, and property, later stolen by Thomas Jefferson

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Samuel Adams

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master propagandist and an engineer of rebellion, strong politician and leader that was very sensitive to the rights of the colonists, organized the local committees of correspondence in Massachusetts

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Circular letter

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urged the various colonies to petition Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts, increased the number of troops in Boston

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Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer

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letters written by John Dickinson which stated that parliament could not exercise its power to raise revenue for itself in the colonies

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John Wilkes

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London member of Parliament who denounces George IIIs policies. Fled to France after publishing a piece offending the government

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Spinning bee

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in response to non-consumption agreements involving English cloth, many women held spinning bees to make their own cloth

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Regulators

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North Carolinians who support the western farmers against the elite

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Boston Tea party

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a band of Bostonians boarded the ships and dumped the tea into the sea

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Jon Sewell

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last British attorney general of Massachusetts

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2nd Continental Congress

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inter colonial assembly that met in Philadelphia all 13 colonies were represented still wanted to just get British acts repealed and wrote new appeals to British people and king, but raised money to create an army and navy

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