APUSH Chapter 4 & 5 (The American Pageant)
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Slave Codes
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made African Americans and their children property to whites
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Southern Society
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- Small amount of wealthy land owners - large amount of small farmers - landless whites, former indentured servants - indentured servants - black slaves
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Half Way Covenant
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The Half-way Covenant applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn't achieved grace themselves. The covenant allowed them to participate in some church affairs.
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Salem Witch Trials
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Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem, Massachusetts at which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged as witches. Afterwards, most of the people involved admitted that the trials and executions had been a terrible mistake.
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Immigrants
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Germans, Scottish Irish, Scottish Highlanders (loyal to English crown), Africans, Puritans
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College of William and Mary
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Named in honor of the reigning monarchs King William III and Queen Mary II, the College was one of the original Colonial colleges. The Charter named James Blair as the College's first president (a lifetime appointment which he held until his death in 1743). William & Mary was founded as an Anglican institution
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Great Awakening
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Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.
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Jonathan Edwards
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The most outstanding preacher of the Great Awakening. He was a New England Congregationalist and preached in Northampton, MA, he attacked the new doctrines of easy salvation for all. He preached anew the traditional ideas of Puritanism related to sovereignty of God, predestination, and salvation by God's grace alone. He had vivid descriptions of Hell that terrified listeners.
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George Whitefield
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one of the preachers of the great awakening; known for his talented voice inflection, known to bring many a person to their knees
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New Lights
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Revivalist ministers who emphasized emotive spirituality and encouraged missionary work among the natives, as well as founding many long-standing educational institutes, such as Princeton, Brown, and Dartmouth. - increase in religious tolerence
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Old Lights
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orthodox clergymen who rejected the emotionalism of the great awakening in favor of a more rational spirituality.
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Princeton, Brown, Rutgers, Dartmouth
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- First colleges, primarily for white men, bible studying, no independence in thinking
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Charles Willson Peale
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best know for his portraits of George Washington, also ran a museum, stuffed birds, and practiced dentistry in addition to his art.
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Benjamin Franklin
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Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity.
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Poor Richards Almanac
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Poor Richard's Almanack (sometimes Almanac) was a yearly almanack published by Benjamin Franklin, who adopted the pseudonym of \"Poor Richard\" or \"Richard Saunders\" for this purpose. The publication appeared continually from 1732 to 1758. It was a best seller for a pamphlet published in the American colonies; print runs reached 10,000 per year.
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Phillis Wheatley
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First African American female writer to be published in the United States. Her book Poems on Various Subjects was published in 1773, pioneered African-American literature. One of the most well- known poets in America during her day; first African American to get a volume of poetry published.
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John Singleton Copley
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American painter who did portraits of Paul Revere and John Hancock before fleeing to England to avoid the American Revolution (1738-1815)
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The Middle Passage
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the long journey that slaves from Africa had to take to the Americas, when many of them were crammed together, and chained in the bowels of slave ships and supplied with little food and water. - considered a genocide
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Bacon's Rebellion
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1676 - Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.
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Mercantilism
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an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
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The Great Migration
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The migration of thousands of African-Americans from the South to the North. African Americans were looking to escape the problems of racism in the South and felt they could seek out better jobs and an overall better life in the North.
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Salutary Neglect
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idea that the colonies benefited by being left alone, without too much British interference
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Zenger Trial
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This 1735 trial of a New York newspaper editor for criticising a British-appointed governor. It resulted in a not guilty verdict, since the articles were based on fact, not slander. This acquittal was the first important victory for freedom of the press in the colonies. Andrew Hamilton, a well-known Philadelphia lawyer, represented the defendant at no charge.
