APUSH Chapter 39 Terms Test Answers – Flashcards
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Vietnamization
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Nixon's policy of withdrawing American troops from Vietnam while providing aid for the South Vietnamese to fight the war.
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Kent State
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The Ohio University where four students were killed during protests against the 1970 invasion of Cambodia.
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Pentagon Papers
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Top-secret documents, published by The New York Times in 1971, that showed the blunders and deceptions that led the United States into the Vietnam War.
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ABM ( Anti-Ballistic Missile) Treaty
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The first major achievement of the Nixon-Kissinger detente with the Soviet Union, which led to restrictions on defensive missile systems.
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Southern strategy
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Nixon's plan to win reelection by curbing the Supreme court's judicial activism and soft-pedaling civil rights.
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Philadelphia Plan
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Term for the new group affirmative action policy promoted by Nixon administration.
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Watergate
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A Washington office complex that became a symbol of the widespread corruption of the Nixon administration.
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War Powers Act
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The law, passed in reaction to the secret Cambodia bombing, that restricted presidential use of troops overseas without congressional authorization.
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Oil embargo
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Arab-sponsored restriction on energy exports after the 1973 Arab-Israeli war.
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Détente
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Nixon-Ford-Kissinger policy of seeking relaxed tensions with the Soviet Union through trade and arms limitation.
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Helsinki accords
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International agreement of 1975, signed by President Ford, that settled postwar European boundaries and attempted to guarantee human rights in Eastern Europe.
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Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
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Proposed constitutional amendment promoting women's rights that fell short of ratification.
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Roe v. Wade
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Supreme Court decision that declared women's right to choose abortion.
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Alcatraz (Island) and Wounded Knee (South Dakota)
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Two historic sites seized by American Indian activists in 1970-1972 to draw public attention to Indian grievances.
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Title IX
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Provisions of the 1972 Education Amendments that prohibited gender discrimination and opened sports and other arenas to women.
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Richard Nixon
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Winner of an overwhelming electoral victory who was forced from office by the threat of impeachment.
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Spiro Agnew
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Nixon's tough-talking conservative vice president, who was forced to resign in 1973 for taking bribes and kickbacks.
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Rachel Carson
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Environmental write whose book Silent Spring helped encourage laws like Clean Water Act and the Endangered Species Act.
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Daniel Ellsberg
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Former Pentagon official who "leaked" the Pentagon Papers.
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Henry Kissinger
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Talented diplomatic negotiator and leading architect of detente with the Soviet Union during Nixon and Ford administrations.
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Earl Warren
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Supreme Court justice whose "judicial" activism" came under increasing attack by conservatives.
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George McGovern
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South Dakota senator whose antiwar campaign was swamped by Nixon.
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Sam Ervin
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North Carolina senator who conducted the Watergate hearings.
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Gerald Ford
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The first appointed vice president and first appointed president of the United States.
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John Dean
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White House lawyer whose dramatic charges against Nixon were validated by the Watergate hearings.
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James Earl Carter
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Former Georgia governor whose presidency was plagued by economic difficulties and a crisis in Iran.
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Anwar Sadat
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Egyptian leader who signed the Camp David accords with Israel.
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Allen Bakke
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California medical school applicant whose case led a divided Supreme Court to uphold limited forms of affirmative action for minorities.
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Shah of Iran
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Repressive pro-Western ruler whose 1979 overthrow precipitated a crisis for the United States.
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Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
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The Muslim religious leader who dominated the 1979 Iranian revolution.
