APUSH Chapter 25 – Flashcards

Need for jobs, lure of the city lights, nightlife, jobs, transportation, shopping, indoor plumbing telephones, etc.

They came from countries with little history of democratic gov., where people had grown accustomed to harsh living conditions. Some Americans feared that the New Immigrants would not assimilate to life in their new land. They began asking if the nation had become a melting pot or a dumping ground.

Europe had no room for them; America seen as a land of great opportunities; many feeding persecution.

Italians settled in and dominated specific neighborhoods where they could interact with one another, establish a familiar cultural presence, and find fav. foods. Many Italian immigrants arrived with little cash or cultural capital since most had been peasant farmers in Italy, they lacked craft skills, and generally performed manual labor.

The bosses helped immigrants by providing jobs on the public payroll, getting housing for new arrivals, giving the needy gifts of food and clothing, patching up minor scrapes with the law, helping schools, parks, and hospitals get built in immigrant neighborhoods. They only did these things so the immigrants would vote for them and their party.

The people coming off the boat were happy to see America ad would describe the statue as something amazing. It was ironic because not everyone made a success in America.

Religion allowed for the establishments of many new places where poor people could find education, food, and other charitable services because of their faith.

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution created many rifts in the church. Modernist clergymen were thrown out of office and unbelief was promoted.

More schools were formed and there were more grades to attend.

Washington believed that racism would end once blacks acquire useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society. Du Bois disagreed with Washington, thought that blacks immediately deserved social, political and economic equality.

In the years after the Civil War, college enrollment dramatically increased due to land grants that allowed the development of multipurpose institutions with programs characteristic of the leading 20th universities (elective approach) throughout the country. Plus philanthropy.

Advances in public heath and increased philosophy and psychology (William James). Elective selection of courses in higher education.

Cheaper newspapers meant appealing to the masses who could now afford them; content became riddled with sex, scandal, rumor and human-interest.

In magazines, newspaper, and novels, writers promoted social reform, civil-service reform, honesty and economic growth.

The literature post-civil war had fantastic historical context that made it real and effective.

Writers such as Mark Twain, Stephen Crane, Bret Harte, William Dean, Howells and Chopin began relating their literary work to come of the realism of an industrial society.

The antics of the Woodhull sisters and Anthony Comstock exposed to daylight the battle going on in the late-19th century America over sexual attitudes and the place of women.

More people were standing up for women, women were fighting harder etc.

Women's suffrage, temperance/prohibition, animal protection.

Realism and regionalism energized the American art world, much as they did the literary sphere.

Baseball, football, croquet, boxing, bicycling, basketball, wild west shows, circuses, minstrel shows.

Urban apartment buildings that served as housing for poor factory workers. Often poorly constructed and overcrowded.

Germans and Scandinavians from Western Europe who came before the 1880's. They discriminate against the "new immigration" and considered themselves "natives". The mixing of other Europeans would tarnish their true Anglo-Saxon heritage.

The Baltic and Slavic people from south Eastern Europe. They came in the 1880-1900, the southeastern immigration went from 19% of immigrants to over 60%.

Influential politicians who demanded payoffs from business and helped the poor to try to win votes.

A reform movement led by Protestant ministers who used religious doctrine to demand better housing and living conditions for the urban poor. Popular to the turn of the century (20th), it was closely linked to the settlement of house movement, which brought middle class, Anglo-American service volunteers into contact with immigrants and working people.

Established Hull House, the most prominent American settlement house. Addams condemned war as well as poverty, the Hull House offered instruction in English, counseling to help immigrants deal with American big-city life, childcare services for working mothers, and cultural activities for neighbor residents.

The most prominent American settlement house; offered instruction in English, counseling to help immigrants deal with American big-city life, childcare services for working mothers, and cultural activities for neighbor residents.

Mostly run by middle-class native-born women, settlement houses in immigrant neighborhoods provided housing, food, education, child care, cultural activities, and social connection for the new arrivals to the U.S. Many women, both native-born and immigrant, developed life-long passions for social activism in the settlement houses. Jane Addams's Hull House in Chicago and Lillian Wald's Henry Street Settlement in New York City were two of the most prominent.

Worried that the original Anglo-Saxon population would soon be outnumbered and outvoted; considered eastern and souther European immigrants inferior to themselves. They blamed the immigrants for the dreadful conditions of urban government, and unionists attacked the immigrants for their willingness to work for small wages.

(1859) Published by Charles Darwin stated that humans had slowly evolved from lower forms of life. The theory of evolution cast serious doubt on the idea of religion.

Teaching to younger children; gained strong support.

The leading champion of black education; ex-slave; he taught in 1881 at the black normal and industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama. His self-help approach to solving the nation's racial problems was labeled "accommodationist" because it stopped shortly of directly challenging white supremacy; avoided the issue of social equality.

A normal and industrial school led by Brooker T. Washington in Tuskegee, Alabama. It focused on training young black students in agriculture and the trades to help them achieve economic independence. Washington justified segregated, vocational training as a necessary first step on the road to racial equality, although critics accused him of being too "accommodationist".

Attacked Brooker T. Washington because Washington condemned the black race to manual labor and perpetual inferiority; fought for African American rights. He helped to found the Niagara movement in 1905 to fight for and establish equal rights. This movement later led to the establishment of the NAACP.

National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peopled helped to form by DuBois.

Passed after the Southern states had seceded, provided generous grants of the public lands to the states for support of education.

Extended the Morrill act and provided federal funds for the establishment of agricultural experimentation in connection with the land-grant colleges. Millionaires and tycoons donated generously to the educational system.

A leader of the techniques of sensationalism in St. Louis.

Built up a chain of newspapers beginning with the San Francisco examiner in 1887.

A scandal-monger ing practice of journalism that emerged in New York during the Gilded Age out of the circulation battle between Joseph Pulitzer's New York World and William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal. The expression has remained a prerogative term referring to the sensationalist journalism practiced with unethical, unprofessional standards.

Wrote two of the most moving poems in American literature inspired by assassination of Lincoln.

Wrote about nature love, life, etc; only two published before death wrote over a 1000 short lyrics on scraps of paper.

A journalist, humorist, satirist, and opponent of social injustice. He recaptured the limits of realism and humor in the authentic American dialect.

Was a famous nature writer who turned to depicting a possible fascistic revolution in The Iron Heel.

(NAWSA) An organization founded in 1890 to demand the vote for women. NAWSA argued that women should be allowed to vote because their responsibilities in the home and family made them indispensable in the public decision-making process. During WW1, NAWSA supported the war effort and lauded women's role in the Allied victory, which helped to finally achieve nationwide women suffrage in the 19th amendment.

Helped to launch the black women's club movement, which led to the establishment of the national association of colored women in 1896.

(WCTU) Founded in Ohio in the 1870s to combat the evils of excessive alcohol consumption, the WCTU went to embrace a broad reform agenda, including campaigns to abolish prostitution and gain the right to vote for women.

Sweeping new states into prohibiting alcohol and in 1919, the national prohibition amendment (18th) was passed.

(1919) Ratified in 1919, this constitutional amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages. It ushered in the era known as prohibition.

Led the American Red Cross founding in the US.