APUSH Chapter 23 Terms Test Answers – Flashcards

American Secretary of State under Truman Administration. Known as one of the architects of the cold war. (Played important role in creation of Lend Lease, The Truman Doctrine, The Marshall Plan, NATO and the World Bank gave speech on aiding "free peoples" was addressed to the Delta Council; it was filled with unintended irony, as the Delta's citizens were denied the very liberties of which he spoke.)

He was an American diplomat and ambassador best known as "the father of containment" and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War.

advised the Truman administration that the Soviets could not be dealt with as a normal government -> George Kennan

Put into effect under the Truman Doctrine a. $400 million in military aid b. American global support in the fight against communism c. Humanitarian, economic, and military aid

Churchill's speech, the east side of the Iron Curtain were the countries that were connected to or influenced by the Soviet Union. On either side of the Iron Curtain, states developed their own international economic and military alliances:

the principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or communist insurrection (1. Truman soon determined to put the policy of containment into effect. a. $400 million in military aid b. American global support in the fight against communism c. Humanitarian, economic, and military aid 2. To rally popular backing for Greece and Turkey, Truman rolled out the heaviest weapon in his rhetorical arsenal the defense of freedom. 3. The Truman Doctrine created the language through which most Americans came to understand the postwar world. a. Led to the creation of new agencies to protect national security 1. Atomic energy Commission 2. National Security Council 3. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) )

George Marshall pledged the United States to contribute billions of dollars to finance the economic recovery of Europe. (It offered a positive vision to go along with containment. a. $17 billion in aid to European nations b. Support for communism waned, boost to American trade 1. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 3. The Marshall Plan proved to be one of the most successful foreign aid programs in history. )

Central Intelligence Agency to protect national security derived form the Truman Doctrine (unlikely patron of the arts)

under the Marshall Plan-Trade agreement under which countries met periodically to negotiate tariff reductions that were mutually advantageous to all members, but contained loopholes that enabled countries to avoid trade-barrier reduction agreements

Truman's move to prevent the removal of US troops from Berlin, while also helping the troops to survive. He ordered US planes to fly in supplies to the people of West Berlin, and also sent 60 bombers capable of carrying atomic bombs to bases in England.

1949 pledged mutual defense against any future Soviet attack (response to the Soviet Union testing its first A-bomb-ending US monopoly of the weapon)

1950 manifesto described the Cold War as an epic struggle btw "the idea of freedom" and the "idea of slavery under the grim oligarchy of Kremlin" (global crusade against communism)

The cold war conflict in which UN (mostly US) soldiers fought to defend South Korea from takeover by Communist North Korea, ending a stalemate in 1953. (North Korea, supplied and advised by the Soviet Union, invaded the South. The United Nations, with the United States as the principal participant, joined the war on the side of the South Koreans, and the People's Republic of China came to North Korea's aid. After more than a million combat casualties had been suffered on both sides, the fighting ended in July 1953 with Korea still divided into two hostile states.)

Treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania.

Commander of the UN forces at the beginning of the Korean War, however President Harry Truman removed him from his command after MacArthur expressed a desire to bomb Chinese bases in Manchuria. Oversaw reconstruction of Japan

USA's Declaration to project people's rights - used as a reason to fight in the Cold War

Truman's first domestic task was to preside over the transition from a wartime to a peacetime economy. Called for higher minimum wage, health care, public works projects, and benefits for housing and full employment. It led only to the Housing Act of 1949 and the Social Security Act of 1950 due to opposition in Congress.

postponed strikes with an 80 day cooling off period

American baseball player who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball

Conservative southern Democrats who objected to President Truman's strong push for civil-rights legislation. These Southern Democrats broke from the party in 1948 over the issue of civil rights and ran a presidential ticket as the States' Rights Democrats.

ran for president 1948 on Dixiecrat platform (RACIST)

A former Democrat who ran on the New Progressive Party due to his disagreement on Truman's policy with the Soviets. He caused the Democratic party to split even more during the election season.

Formed newly by Liberal Democrats who thought Truman's aggressive foreign policy threatened world peace; the party nominated former VP Henry Wallace for its candidate.

Big election Upset prediction=Harry S. Truman would be defeated by Republican Thomas Dewey. Truman won, overcoming a three-way split in his own party. Truman's surprise victory was the fifth consecutive win for the Democratics. Confirmed the Democratic Party's status as the nation's majority party

4. Truman's main opponent was the Republican Thomas A. Dewey. "do nothing Congress" his policy

LIAR Senator Joseph McCarthy announced in 1950 that he had a list of 205 communists working for the State Department.

A confessed Communist who became a star witness for the House Un-American Activities committee in 1948

Spy case that rocked the nation in 1949. Minor activists in the American Communist party. Denied the charges, pleaded the 5th amendment. Found guilty of espionage for nuclear secrets and sentenced to death. 1st US CIVILIANS EXECUTED FOR ESPIONAGE!

McCarthy's downfall came with the nationally televised Army-McCarthy hearings in 1954.

headed by McCarthy and originally established as an investigating committee which investigated what it considered anti- American propaganda. It notoriously accused people and celebrities of being communists and "blacklisted" them.

Aticommunist Politics The McCarran-Walter Act of 1952 also overridden 1. Quotas and Operation Wetback (1954) c. Organized labor rid itself of its left-wing officials and emerged as a major supporter of the foreign policy of the Cold War.

Government agencies like the FBI used anti-communist fears to expand their powers

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