APUSH Chapter 20 – Flashcards

Created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, which was signed into law by President Grover Cleveland;regulate railroads (and later trucking) to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers.

an unofficial system of a political organization based on patronage, the spoils system, “behind-the-scenes” control, and longstanding political ties within the structure of a representative democracy.

Thomas A. Jenckes of Rhode Island proposed a bill for civil service reform in 1865. Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, 1883, reformed spoils system. Patronage didn’t disappear, dept of federal government took on a more professional character. Us gov still viewed as a reign of self-interests and corruption.

Congress took action in the late 19th century to protect ethical politicians and create standards for political service; including, a civil service test for those seeking a job in government.

Grange, national grange of patrons of husbandry, a national organization of farm owners formed after the civil war. Populist movement, a major third party of the 1890s formed on the basis of the southern farmers alliances and other reform organizations. Blamed hard times of thieves of the night. Grange bribed state legislators. Granger Laws, state laws enacted in the Midwest in the 1870s that regulated rates charged by railroads. Grangers created vast majority of cooperative enterprise. Depression of 1870s wiped out this program.

A broad mass movement in the rural south and west during late 19th century encompassed several groups demanding eco and political reform. Southern Farmers alliance largest of several groups that formed in post reconstruction south to advance the interest of the beleaguered small farmers. Colored farmers alliance excluded from the southern farmers alliance. Northern farmers alliance took place in the great plain states based on larger organizations. Grangers push legislation. limit the salaries of public officials and provide public schools students with books at little or no cost.

100,000 workers rioted in Chicago. After the police fired into the crowd, the workers met and rallied in Haymarket Square to protest police brutality. A bomb exploded, killing or injuring many of the police. The Chicago workers and the man who set the bomb were immigrants, so the incident promoted anti-immigrant feelings.

an organization that blamed alcohol for crime, poverty, and violence against women and children, and fought against it.

NAWSA formed in 1890 coordinated ultimately successful campaign to achieve women’s suffrage. Organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony.

Farmers alliance calls for national third party movement. Farmers Alliance Knights of labor and Colored Farmers alliance meet and ask for justice. People’s Party quickly becomes a major factor in American politics. 1892 populist score a string of local victories. Democrats threw their weight behind the populist ticket to defeat the republicans.

Railroads major factor in economic growth helped usher in a great depression. Collapse of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad crated a crash in the stock market. Unemployment rates reached 25% in many cities. A lot of people looked for work, hoping that maybe the next town might have a job. Coxey’s Army, protest march of unemployed workers led by populist business man Jacob coxey demanding inflation and a public works program during depression of 1890s.

1892 steelworker strike near Pittsburgh against the Carnegie Steel Company. Ten workers were killed in a riot when “scab” labor was brought in to force an end to the strike.

In Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the “company town”, Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing. Debs had many supporters.

Christianity and prevailing attitudes over poor. Ministers called for civil service reforms and end of child labor. Catholics believed poverty was a rural condition. Depression of 1890s produced outpouring of social gospel treatises. Women guided the social gospel movement in their communities. African American women embraced the social gospel more than white women.

Sherman Silver Purchase Act, 1890 act which directed the treasury to increase the amount of currency coined from silver mined in the west. Also permitted US gov to print paper currency backed by the silver. Free silver, philosophy that the gov should expand the money supply by purchasing and coining all the silver offered to it

Politician who ran for president 1896, 1900 and 1908 under Democrats, was a pro-silverite and Populist leader

Nativism favored the interests and cultures of native-born inhabitants over those of immigrants. Decline of populism = white supremacy.

Plessy v Ferguson, Supreme court decision holding that Louisiana railroad segregation law did not violate the constitution as long as the railroads or state provide equal accommodations.

1867 An eager expansionist, he was the energetic supporter of the Alaskan purchase and negotiator of the deal often called “Seward’s Folly” because Alaska was not fit for settlement or farming.

The annexation of Hawaii of July 7, 1893. American planters arrange to overthrow King Kalakaua. Hawaii viewed as a stepping stone for vast Asian markets.

Jefferson Though Cuba would be an interesting addition to the states. Cuban independence movement began in mid 1860’s when Spanish began imposing taxes on them. Americans supported Cuba Libre. Presidents decide not to support but want spain to give anatomy to the island. Once the war was almost over McKinley prepared for intervention. April 11 McKinley asks congress for a declaration of war against Spain. Outpour of patriotic joy. Two weeks later war almost over Lieutenant colonel Theodore Roosevelt boasts on killing Spaniards, led his rough riders to victory. August 12 marked spain’s surrender. American proceeded to tighten their hold on Cuban sugar plantations.

this ship mysteriously blew up and the United States assurred that it was blown up by the Spanish triggering the Spanish American War

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

Philippines attractive to the US. Filipino rebels welcome us troops and fought with them against spain. Us Troops provoke conflict. Resulting conflict to the form of guerilla warfare. US refused to pull out. Conquest of Philippines remained a US Territory until 1946. Josiah Strong the difference between freedom and independence.