APUSH Chapter #19 Vocabulary – Flashcards

Similar to Roosevelt's distinction between good and bad trusts, Roosevelt formed and divided the world in to civilized and uncivilized zones; Roosevelt believed that America had the right and the power to dominate the uncivilized zones of the world. Thus, Roosevelt wished to obtain a policy of intervention in Central America. American gain of the Panama Canal is a prime example of this intervention in Central America. This canal was a canal across the fifty-one foot mile wide Isthmus of Panama. In 1903, lead by Philippe Bunau-Varilla, America gained full control over the construction of the canal. Roosevelt believed the canal would facilitate naval movement, thus benefiting the further expansion of the United States.

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine stated that the United States had the right to exercise "an intentional police power" in the Western Hemisphere. Thus, America had the right to use brute force to protect economic investments. For example, in 1904 Roosevelt ordered for American forces to take over Dominican custom houses in exchange for payment of European debts.

The sinking of the Lusitania outraged Americans and further fueled the desire for American involvement in World War I. The Lusitania a British ocean liner, carrying a large cache of arms, was sunk by a German submarine in May of 1915 and caused the death of 1,198 passengers, 124 of them Americans. This caused Theodore Roosevelt to embark in a method of "preparedness" a program to increase the American army and navy for possible wartime.

The Zimmerman Telegram was a main catalyst causing the United States to join the war. A telegram from Arthur Zimmerman, a German Foreign Security spy, asking Mexico to join Germany and fight agains the United States providing the incentive of recovering land lost in the Mexican War, was intercepted from British spies in May of 1917. After decoding the telegram, British spies publicized it. This was a main cause of Wilson coming before congress to declare war on Germany in April of 1917.

In November of 1917, the Russian government was overthrown by dictator Vladimir Lenin. Lenin exposed all the Allies secret war treaties. Within these treaties was the evenly divided up land amongst Allies, this was a great embarrassment to Woodrow Wilson because he kept America under the impression they were just fighting for peace. Thus, Wilson issued the Fourteen Points. These Fourteen Points were a clear representation of the American war aims and Wilson's vision of the new international order. Within the Fourteen points included: freedom of the seas, open diplomacy, the readjustment of colonial claims, self determination, and the theory that colonized people were given equal weight.

The Espionage Act was the first Act since the Alien and Sedation Act that restricted the American right of freedom of speech. The Espionage Act of 1917, prohibited spying and interfering with draft illegal in addition to false statements that might impede military success. The most prominent case afflicted of the Espionage Act was Eugene vs Debs convicted in 1918 for delivering an anti-war speech; he was granted 10 years in freedom.

Also referred to as the National Association for Advancement in Colored People, was founded by W.E.B De Bois. This party helped aid in the advancement of color people despite the color line and wide inequality presented towards the black public. However, despite present tension the NAACP went along with popular belief when the Progressive Party convention of 1912 rejected a civil rights plank in its platform and barred black delegates from the South.

W.E.B Du Bois was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, in 1868. Illustrated in his novel The Souls of Black Folk of 1903, Du Bois main focus was equal rights for African Americans; he felt that educated blacks should take their knowledge to fight against present inequality. The leader of the Niagara Movement, Du Bois wished to rekindle the American abolitionist tradition. At this meeting forming the Niagara Movement, The Declaration of Principles was formed.

Marcus Garvey, a recent immigrant from Jamaica, was the leader of a movement for black independence and self-reliance. This movement, titled the Negro Improvement Association, was widely supported by the black ghettos in the North. The main goal of the organization was to ensure that blacks enjoy the same type of freedom and recognition of all white americans after the war. Due to his less dignified background, other black right leaders viewed him as a disgrace.

The Treaty of Versailles achieved many of Wilson's goals of the Fourteen Point plan. Mainly, the treaty accomplished the formation of the League of Nations. In addition, it allowed for the principle of self determination to be applied to Eastern Europe, cleaning up and redistributing land. However, despite its successes, the Treaty of Versailles guaranteed further conflict in Europe. Ultimately, the treaty greatly limited Germany's army and navy and declared Germany morally responsible for war.