APUSH Chapter 18 The Enduring Vision – Flashcards
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Jay Gould
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A railroad magnate who was involved in the Black Friday scandal in 1869 and later gained control of many of the nation's largest railroads, including the Union Pacific. He became revered and hated for his ability to manipulate railroad stocks for his personal profit and for his ardent resistance to organized labor.
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Collis P. Huntington
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R.R Baron of the Central Pacific. One of the "Big Four" (four men that funded railroads around the late 1860's. He was an adept lobbyist.
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James J. Hill
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created the great northern railroad. probably the greatest railroad builder of all, he saw his railroad building as a public duty. also did the southern pacific railroad, completed in 1884.
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Interstate Commerce Act
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(GC) 1887, a law that made a federal Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate unfair railroad practices
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J. Pierpont Morgan
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an American financier, banker, philanthropist, and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time. In 1892 Morgan arranged the merger of Edison General Electric and Thompson-Houston Electric Company to form General Electric.
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Andrew Carnegie
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A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry. 1st billion dollar business
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John D. Rockefeller
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Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history
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Standard Oil
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Established in 1870, it was a integrated multinational oil corporation lead by Rockefeller
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions
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United States v. E. C. Knight Co.
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(1895) Congress wanted to bust a trust because it controled 98% of sugar manufacturing. Supreme court said no because it wasn't interstate commerce which they do have the right to regulate. Severely weakend the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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Thomas A. Edison
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established the world's first research labroratory at Menlo Park, New Jersey. Wizard @ Menlo Park. Light bulb
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Henry W. Grady
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Editor of the Atlanta Constitution newspaper, preached about economically diversified South with industries and small farms, and absent of the influence of the pre-war planter elite in the political world.
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"New South Creed"
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idea that promoted industry, diversification of agriculture, white and black cooperation, need for new men to lead South, need for harmonious relations with the North
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William H. Sylvis
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formed the National Labor Union
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National Labor Union
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1866 - established by William Sylvis - wanted 8hr work days, banking reform, and an end to conviction labor - attempt to unite all laborers
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Terence V. Powderly
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Knights of Labor leader, opposed strikes, producer-consumer cooperation, temperance, welcomed blacks and women (allowing segregation)
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Knights of Labor
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Labor union founded by Uriah S. Stephens in 1869, that grew out of the collapse of the National Labor Union and was replaced by AF of L after a number of botched strikes
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Mother Jones
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Labor activist who was a member of the Knights of Labor union and who used publicity techniques to create awareness of the plight of mine workers and child laborers.
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Chinese Exclusion Act 1882
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banned Chinese immigrants for 10yrs- renewed till 1943
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Samuel Gompers
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Led the AFL (American Federation of Labor), a skilled craft union, fought for wages and working conditions, they went on strike, boycotted and used collective bargaining
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American Federation of Labor
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The first federation of labor unions in the United States. Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886
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railroad strikes of 1877
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strike during 1877 of workers protesting pay cuts; froze transportation in the US; President Hayes sent in Federal Troops to stop the strike
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Haymarket Square bombing 1886
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a riot in Chicago began when a bomb was thrown into a crowd of protesters. There was a strike at McCormick Factory. 7 cops killed 4 civilians dead
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Homestead strike 1892
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an industrial lockout and strike which began on June 30, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892.
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Pullman strike 1894
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a strike that occurred at first against the titular company, because they lowered wages while keeping the housing prices at the same level; becomes a federal issue Eugene V. Debs, the leader of the strike, was arrested; violated Sherman Anti-Trust Act; again held up the mail
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Eugene Debs
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Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over.
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William Graham Sumner
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survival of the fittest. book: what social classes owe to each other. social darwinism
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conservative Social Darwinism
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survival of the fittest, government shouldn't interfere.
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Lester Frank Ward
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Major philosopher of Reform Darwinism, who argued in his book Dynamic Sociology (1883) that people, unlike animals, had minds that could shape social evolution.
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Henry George
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He wrote Progress and Poverty in 1879, which made him famous as an opponent of the evils of modern capitalism.
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Progress and Poverty
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Written by Henry George, critical of entreprenuers, after studying poverty in America, determined that rich didn't pay fair share of taxes and proposed "Single Tax" on incremental value of land
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Edward Bellamy
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In 1888, he wrote Looking Backward, 2000-1887, a description of a utopian society in the year 2000.
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Looking Backward
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Utopian novel by Edward Bellamy about a young Bostonian who fell asleep in 1887 and woke up in 2000 to find a new social order.(socialism)
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Marxist socialists
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ideology founded in the criticism over the capitalist system and its obvious excesses
