APUSH: Chapter 12 – Flashcards
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Abby Kelley
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Demonstrated the interconnectedness of nineteenth-century reform movements
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According to Alexis de Tocqueville, what were the most important institutions for organizing Americans?
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Voluntary associations
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About _______ reform communities, often called utopian communities, were established in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century.
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100
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The reform communities established in the years before the Civil War
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Set out to reorganize society on a cooperative basis
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Who founded the Shakers?
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Ann Lee
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At the end of their trek in the mid-1840's, Mormons led by Brigham Young founded
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Salt Lake City, Utah
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The Oneida community
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Controlled which of its members would be allowed to reproduce
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Brook Farm
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Was founded by New England transcendentalists
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Which of the following correctly pairs the reform community with the state in which it was located?
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New Harmony: Indiana
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Although it only lasted a few years, the New Harmony community
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Influences education reformers and women's rights advocates
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Utopian communities were unlikely to attract much support because most Americans
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Saw property ownership as key to economic independence, but nearly all the utopian communities insisted members give up their property
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Burned-over districts were
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In Kansas and Nebraska, where fighting broke out over issues of slavery
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How did reformers reconcile their desire to crests moral order with their quest to enhance personal freedom?
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They argued that too many people were "slaves" to various sins and that freeing them from this enslavement would enable them to compete economically
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By 1840, the temperance movement in the United States had
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Encouraged a substantial decrease in the consumption of alcohol
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Members of which of the following groups were generally opposed to the temperance movement
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Catholics
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What did reformers commonly believe about prisons and asylums?
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That they could rehabilitate individuals and then release them back into society
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The proliferation of new institutions such as poorhouses and asylums for the insane during the antebellum era demonstrated the
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Tension between liberation and control in the era's reform movements
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Common schools
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Existed in every northern state by the time of the Civil War
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The colonization of freed U.S. slaves to Africa
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Prompted the adamant opposition of most free African-Americans
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Like Indian removal, the colonization of former slaves rested on the premise that America
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Was fundamentally a white society
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How did the abolitionist movement that arose in the 1830s differ from earlier antislavery efforts?
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The later movement drew much more on the religious conviction that slavery was an unparalleled sin and needed to be destroyed immediately
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Who was the North Carolina-born free black whose Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World won widespread attention
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David Walker
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William Lloyd Garrison
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Suggested that the North dissolve the Union to free itself of any connection to slavery
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William Lloyd Garrison published an abolitionist newspaper called
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The Liberator
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William Lloyd Garrison argued in "Thoughts on African Colonization" that
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Blacks were not "strangers" in America to be shipped abroad, but should be recognized as a permanent part of American society
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Before the Civil War, who came to believe that the U.S. Constitution did not provide national protection to the institution of slavery?
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Frederick Douglas
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How did the abolitionists link themselves to the nation's Revolutionary heritage?
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They seized on the preamble to the Declaration of Independence as an attack against slavery
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The role of African-Americans in the abolitionist movement
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Included helping to finance William Lloyd Garrison's newspaper
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What book was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson?
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
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According to the mid-nineteenth century physicians and racial theorists Josiah Nott and George Gliddon,
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There was a hierarchy of races, with blacks forming a separate species between whites and chimpanzees
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The frontispiece of the 1848 edition of David Walker's book depicts a black figure receiving "liberty" and "justice" from
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Heaven
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How did abolitionists challenge stereotypes about African-Americans?
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Countering the pseudoscientific claim that they formed a separate species
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What did the Fourth of July represent to Frederick Douglas?
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The hypocrisy of a nation that proclaimed liberty but sanctioned slavery
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The gag rule
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Prevented Congress from hearing antislavery petitions
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The death of Elijah Lovejoy in 1837
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Convinced many northerners that slavery was incompatible with white Americans' liberties
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Frederick Douglas wrote, "When the true history of the antislavery cause shall be written, ________ will occupy a large space in it's pages."
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Women
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Dorothea Dix devoted much time to the crusade for the
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Construction of humane mental hospitals for the insane
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Angelina and Sarah Grimke
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Critiqued the prevailing notion of separate spheres for men and women
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The first to apply the abolitionist doctrine of universal freedom and equality to the status of women
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Were the Grimke sisters
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The Seneca Falls' Conventions' Declaration of Sentiments
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Condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women
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What was a "bloomer" in the 1850's?
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A feminist style of dress
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The ________ was established in hopes of making abolitionism a political movement
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Liberty Party
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The organized abolitionist movement split in two wings in 1840, largely over
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A dispute concerning the proper role of women in antislavery work
