APUSH Ch. 6-7 – Flashcards

The Second Continental Congress: A) rejected attempts at reconciliation sent by the king. B) authorized a continental army of 20,000 soldiers. C) made plans to seize the lands of interior Indian tribes. D) immediately declared American independence from England. E) all of the above

Actual fighting in the American Revolution began when the: A) British army landed in New York. B) British army, sent to seize colonial arms, was interrupted by colonists at Lexington. C) colonial Minutemen attacked a British camp guarding an arsenal in Concord. D) colonial army under Washington forced the British to evacuate Boston. E) British navy shelled the colonial port of Norfolk, Virginia.

Britain established its military headquarters in New York City in 1776 because of the city's: A) spacious harbor. B) access to food supplies. C) Loyalist sentiments. D) central location. E) all of the above

Ratification of the Articles of Confederation was delayed by state disputes over the: A) powers of the national government. B) quotas imposed for the raising of troops. C) relationship between the state and national governments. D) cession of western land claims. E) abolition of the slave trade.

Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress would NOT have the power to: A) impose taxes. B) manage the post office. C) declare war. D) administer relations with Indians living outside state boundaries. E) mediate boundary disputes between the states.

During the first year of the Revolution in New England, the: A) numbers of army recruits steadily declined. B) numbers and influence of Loyalists increased. C) residents experienced widespread loss of life and property. D) British decided to evacuate Boston. E) all of the above

At the peace talks following the Revolution, the British responded to the wartime help of the Iroquois by: A) offering them safe refuge in Canada. B) compensating them for their losses. C) guaranteeing them control of their lands. D) asking them to make an alliance with the Americans. E) entirely ignoring their interests.

According to the Treaty of Paris (1783), which ended the American Revolution,: A) Britain would retain only those territories they controlled at the war's end. B) the western boundary of the United States would be the crest of the Appalachian Mountains. C) the United States would use the property of Loyalists to repay prewar debts owed to British merchants. D) all British forces would evacuate American territory "with all convenient speed" once hostilities ceased. E) the British would compensate all Native Americans for their efforts in the war.

In response to the Revolution, the Cherokee Indians: A) fled the fighting to lands west of the Mississippi River. B) joined Americans in a military alliance. C) remained aloof from the conflict. D) raided western American settlements. E) retreated into Spanish lands.

Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense urged American colonists to: A) consider carefully the tremendous obstacles of war. B) declare their independence from a tyrannical king. C) pursue every avenue of possible compromise. D) remain loyal to the mother country. E) reject democracy and egalitarianism.

The British invasion of the southern states was complicated by the: A) presence of a large slave population. B) absence of Loyalist supporters. C) jagged coastline and numerous inland rivers. D) colonial use of guerrilla tactics. E) presence of the French fleet.

The ability of the Confederation Congress to function was limited by the stipulation that: A) any proposed law required unanimous approval. B) only the executive could raise funds through taxation. C) all war powers belonged to the executive branch. D) it could not pass resolutions nor seek state support. E) each state's delegation could cast but one vote.

Britain lost the Revolutionary War because she: A) failed to capitalize sufficiently on her advantages. B) abandoned traditional European battlefield tactics. C) pursued overly aggressive military strategies. D) proved economically inferior to the combined American states. E) had a small navy compared to that of the Americans.

In 1807, the New Jersey assembly passed a bill specifically disenfranchising women. To disenfranchise means to: A) exclude from business ownership. B) exclude from public office. C) take away the right to vote. D) exempt from taxes. E) exclude from property ownership.

"Employing what today would be called guerrilla tactics," the American commander harassed the British. Guerrilla tactics might be simply described as those of: A) hit and run. B) defensive retreat. C) tactics based on the habits of animals. D) head-on confrontation. E) reliance on overwhelming force.

"Britain's...mercenaries raised. . .fears particularly among the women." Mercenaries are soldiers: A) having no mercy or pity. B) who fight for the enemy. C) hired for money from a foreign country. D) fighting out of blind loyalty and duty. E) lacking professional equipment or training.

Women in revolutionary America: A) redefined traditional roles in new political meanings. B) played numerous and active military roles. C) severed all connections with the public realm. D) carefully avoided political discussions. E) won the right to vote in most states.

During the Revolution, clergy did all of the following EXCEPT: A) exhorted Americans to repent their sins. B) claimed that God had designated America as the place for Christ's Second Coming. C) called America the "New Israel," God's chosen people to preserve liberty. D) criticized the Revolution for not following Christian ideals. E) urged Americans to rededicate themselves to God by fighting for American liberty.

Revolutionary Americans wrote state constitutions: A) to define and control governmental powers. B) in meetings of their regularly elected congresses. C) to limit the authority of the king. D) only after the issues of war had been resolved. E) directly based upon royal charters.

American republican ideology: A) embraced a hierarchical system of authority. B) denounced all systems of authority. C) endorsed public authority created by people contracting for their mutual good. D) placed a monarch at the head of government. E) promoted strong government to protect liberty.

Loyalist emigrants established successful lives in all the following EXCEPT: A) land west of the Appalachians. B) Canadian Maritime Provinces. C) England. D) British West Indies. E) none of the above

The generation of Americans who fought the Revolution: A) focused on private rather than public affairs. B) became apathetic about politics after the Revolution. C) rejected religious notions of the nation's destiny. D) preferred European to American newspapers. E) became passionately absorbed by political debates.

Many American black slaves sought their freedom during the Revolution by: A) fighting with the Americans. B) seeking return passage to Africa. C) attempting to take lands from western Indians. D) fleeing to the maritime provinces of Canada. E) fighting with the British.

American Loyalists during the Revolution: A) came most often from the upper and middle ranks of society. B) tended to be small farmers in rural Massachusetts. C) numbered fewer than 10,000 people. D) lived mostly in and around the city of Boston. E) received generous compensation from England for their losses.

The punishment of Loyalists during the Revolution: A) gained the support of the most conservative patriots. B) included large numbers of executions. C) raised concerns over the protection of individual liberty. D) was tempered by feelings of kinship and affection. E) typically fell hardest upon members of the lower classes.

For American civilians, the Revolution: A) struck hardest in the rural regions. B) brought peace and prosperity under British occupation. C) resolved prior problems of housing and public health. D) often caused destruction or confiscation of their property. E) seldom touched their lives in a threatening way.

As the Revolutionary War lengthened and its costs increased, which of the following groups would have been LEAST likely to contribute soldiers for the cause? A) men of wealth and influence B) recently arrived immigrants C) artisans and farmers D) former indentured servants E) unskilled manual laborers

All of the following factors contributed to American victory in the Revolution EXCEPT (the): A) overwhelming support by Congress and the state governments for the Continental Army. B) administrative and organizational talents of George Washington. C) Dutch and French loans, war supplies, and military forces. D) England's inability to occupy the entire eastern third of the continent. E) American people's determination not to submit.

The most notable accomplishments of the Confederation Congress resulted in the: A) establishment of a stable currency. B) creation of the Bank of the United States. C) observation of the "utmost good faith" toward the Indians. D) sale and organization of northwestern lands. E) abolition of slavery in the North.

During the immediate postwar years, most white Americans viewed the Native Americans of the interior as: A) conquered peoples to be driven out of the way. B) rival members of independent nations. C) potential rivals for trade with Canada. D) equal partners in western settlement. E) potential converts to Christian civilization.

After negotiations with the United States in 1784, the Iroquois: A) ceded most of their lands to the United States and retreated to small reservations. B) returned to the war path. C) joined with the southern tribes against the Americans. D) regained strength and self-confidence. E) reclaimed western lands.

American leaders in the 1780s feared that backcountry settlers in the Southwest might seek affiliation with: A) the Indians. B) Mexico. C) Spain. D) Britain. E) France.

The Confederation Congress reacted to the national debt by: A) prompt and full repayment. B) opening up trade with France and Italy. C) ordering states to issue additional paper money. D) raising taxes and tariffs. E) borrowing additional money abroad.

In spite of aid to the American war effort, France thereafter: A) tried to manipulate the peace process for its own interests. B) sought an alliance with England. C) demanded territorial concessions from the United States. D) retained strategic outposts on American soil. E) cut off commercial ties with the United States.

The Confederation Congress proved unable to promote American overseas trade primarily because the: A) Atlantic world was divided into exclusive imperial trading spheres. B) states refused Congress the power to regulate foreign commerce. C) the new country lacked the ships necessary to transport American goods. D) Americans wanted to develop commerce at home. E) American economy had slipped into a serious depression.

The economic effects of independence included: A) a rapid increase in domestic manufacturing and industry. B) depression, inflation, and widespread debt. C) no real noticeable effects as business and trade resumed familiar patterns. D) a booming seafaring economy now that Americans were free from British trade restrictions. E) prosperity for tobacco and rice growers.

Which of the following issues was NOT a contributing factor to Shays's Rebellion? A) paper money B) agricultural depression C) Indian raids D) debt E) taxation

By 1786, political and economic turmoil convinced many Americans of the: A) dangers of centralized power. B) problems of a standing army. C) need to return control of the country over to England. D) inherent weaknesses of republican government. E) inadequacies of the Articles of Confederation.

Which of the following men was NOT an early subscriber to the Federalist philosophy? A) George Washington B) John Jay C) James Madison D) Alexander Hamilton E) Thomas Jefferson

The Federalists argued that a stronger national government was necessary to: A) extend American trade. B) spur economic recovery. C) establish public credit. D) protect national interests. E) all of the above

The crisis that ultimately sparked Shays's Rebellion in Massachusetts began with the: A) collapse of a complicated pyramid of credit and debt. B) foreclosure of Daniel Shays' farm. C) public panic and runs on state banks. D) passage of state "stay laws." E) removal of English goods from local markets.

Concerning the fate of black Americans, the Constitution provided: A) the freedom of all slaves born in Africa. B) for the abolition of slavery in the northern states at the end of 20 years. C) federal sanction for the capture and return of runaway slaves. D) that no congressional representation be allowed for a state's black population. E) that no prohibition would be placed on the migration or importation of slaves.

The Constitution most decisively strengthened the: A) national over state governments. B) northern over southern states. C) rural states over the industrialized states. D) large over small states. E) mercantile over agrarian interests.

The Federalists planned carefully for the ratification of the Constitution by calling for the approval of: A) specially elected state conventions. B) all 13 states. C) the founding fathers of each state. D) the state assemblies. E) a direct vote by the people.

As part of the Great Compromise: A) free black Americans were accorded citizenship and the right to vote. B) each African American would count as three-quarters a person. C) the national government would have the power to tax exports. D) each state would have an equal vote in the Senate. E) direct taxes would be apportioned on the basis of individual wealth.

The major objection to the Virginia Plan by the smaller states was the proposal for: A) direct election of the president. B) creation of a national judiciary. C) a council of revision to review legislation. D) a bicameral Congress. E) proportional rather than equal representation of the states in Congress.

In 1790, Pennsylvania replaced its constitution of 1776 with a more conservative document, the latter one providing for the: A) dismantling of the Bank of North America. B) creation of a single legislative house. C) strengthening of the powers of the governor. D) printing of paper money. E) disfranchisement of former Loyalists.

For several years following 1783, a trend developed in American politics marked by: A) militant socialism. B) democratization of leadership. C) strengthening of republican reforms. D) resurgent conservatism. E) increased numbers of voters.

Slavery came under attack during the Revolutionary era for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A) the institution seemed incompatible with republicanism. B) people had come to view blacks as equals. C) in some areas the slave economy was weakening. D) it appeared hypocritical to fight for liberty when one-fifth of the population was enslaved. E) none of the above

The newly independent states: A) extended moderate religious freedom and some states began to disestablish churches. B) broke away from the Anglican Church and founded the Protestant Episcopal Church as the official national church. C) rejected England's model of an established church and quickly separated church and state. D) looked to universally extend religious freedom. E) decided to avoid the touchy subject of religion in order to preserve unity.

Anti-Federalists opposed the Constitution because they feared: A) loss of liberty from a corrupt, powerful government and the rise of factions. B) the new government lacked sufficient power. C) that it would give too much power to the states. D) individuals possessed too much liberty. E) it threatened the existence of slavery.

The authors of The Federalist Essays argued that factionalism: A) restricted expansion of a republican empire. B) was inevitable and should be controlled. C) would lead inevitably to the end of republican liberty. D) threatened state interests. E) undermined public virtue.

Which of the following Americans would most likely have been an Anti-Federalist? A) a farmer in upstate New York B) city artisans and workers C) an urban laborer of Philadelphia D) a merchant of New York City E) a tobacco planter of coastal Virginia

"Ratification was to be decided by specially elected conventions...." Ratification is a process of: A) composition. B) revision. C) confirmation. D) creation. E) rejection.

No national plebiscite on the Constitution was ever taken. A plebiscite is a: A) report of public proceedings. B) union of workers. C) public opinion poll. D) consultation of the upper class. E) direct vote by the people.

France "regarded republicanism as subversive." A subversive is a person or thing who: A) threatens liberty. B) lacks sophistication or substance. C) operates underground. D) promotes democracy. E) undermines an establishment.