APUSH Ch 34 Terms – Flashcards
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New Deal
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Term used by FDR in 1932 acceptance speech that came to describe his whole reform program
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Brain Trust
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FDR's reform-minded intellectual advisers who conceived much of the New Deal legislation
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Hundred Days Congress
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Popular term for the special session of Congress in early 1933 that passed vast quantities of Roosevelt-initiated legislation
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Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC)
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The early New Deal agency that worked to solve the problems of unemployment and conservation by employing youth in reforestation and other socially beneficial tasks
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Works Project Administration (WPA)
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Large federal employment program, established in 1935 under Harry Hopkins that provided jobs in areas from road building to art
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Blue Eagle
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Widely displayed symbol of the National Recovery Admin. (NRA), which attempted to reorganize and reform U.S. industry
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Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
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New Deal farm agency that attempted to raise prices by paying farmers to reduce their production of crops and animals
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Dust Bowl
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The drought-stricken plains areas from which hundreds of thousands of "Okies" were driven during the Great Depression
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Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
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New Deal Agency that aroused strong conservative criticism by producing low-cost electrical power in competition with private utilities
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Social Security
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New Deal program that financed old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and other forms of income assistance
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Committee or Industrial Organization (CIO)
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The new union group that organized large numbers of unskilled workers with the help of the Wagner Act and the National Labor Relations Board
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Security and Exchange Commission (SEC)
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New Deal agency established to provide a public watchdog against deception and fraud in stock trading
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American Liberty League
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Organization of wealthy Republicans and conservative Democrats whose attacks on the New Deal caused Roosevelt to denounce them as "economic royalists" in the campaign of 1936
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Court Packing (Judiciary Reorganization Bill)
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FDR's scheme for gaining Supreme Court approval of New Deal legislation
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Hatch Act
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Law of 1939 that prevented federal officials from engaging in campaign activities or using federal relief funds for political purposes
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
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Former New York governor who roused the nation to action against the depression with his appeal to the "forgotten man"
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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Presidential wife who became an effective lobbyist for the poor during the New Deal
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Banking holiday (Emergency Banking Act)
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FDR-declared closing of all U.S. financial institutions on March 6-10, 1933, in order to stop panic and prepare reforms
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Harry Hopkins
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Former New York social worker who became an influential FDR adviser and head of several New Deal agencies
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Father Coughlin
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The "microphone messiah" o f Michigan whose mass radio appeals turned anti-New Deal and anti-semitic
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Huey ("Kingfish") Long
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Louisiana senator and popular mass agitator who promised to make "every man a king" at the expense of the wealthy
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Schechter case
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Supreme Court ruling of 1935 that struck down a major New Deal industry-and labor agency
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Harold Ickes
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Former Bull Moose progressive who spent billions of federal dollars on public building projects while carefully guarding against waste
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John Steinbeck
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Writer whose best-selling novel portrayed the suffering of dust bowl "Okies" in the thirties
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John L. Lewis
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Domineering boss of the mine workers' union who launched the CIO
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General Motors sit-down strike
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Dramatic CIO labor action in 1936 that forced the auto industry to recognize unions
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Alfred M. Landon
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Republican who carried only two states in a futile campaign against "The Champ" (FDR) in 1936
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Election of 1936
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Lopsided but bitter campaign that saw disadvantaged economic groups lined up in a kind of "class warfare" against those better off
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John Maynard Keynes
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British economist whose theories helped justify New Deal deficit spending
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Owen Roberts
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Supreme Court justice whose "switch in time" to support New Deal legislation helped undercut FDR's court-packing scheme
