APUSH ch.18 – Flashcards
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Election of 1848: Name the candidates and their respective parties, "image", party platforms, and the outcome of the election
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Lewis Cass was a democrat, and a veteran and he supported popular sovereignty. Zachary Taylor was a Whig, a war hero, and had no political experience. Martin Van Buren was part of the free soil party, and was also a former president.
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Define popular sovereignty and its fatal flaw.
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the right to vote for or against slavery. It's flaw was it might spread the blight of slavery.
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Free Soil Party - What were their beliefs (if did not write down above)? What was the real reason they did not want slavery to expand?
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antislavery northerners. They did not want slavery to expand because slaves and free blacks were taking their jobs.
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California - 1849 - What happened there in this year and why did their request to become a state lead to such a large national debate?
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Many people rushed to California because they thought they would find gold. Their request to become a state lead to a large national debate because it threatened the slave balance between the states.
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California, north or south position
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Threatened the Free/Slave state balance and upset south
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Texas Boundary dispute, north or south position
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Boundary disputes in New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming area. The south was also upset
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Slavery in the District of Colombia, north or south position
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North pushed to abolish slavery in DC. South didn't want it abolished
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Federal Fugitive Slave Law, north or south position
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Gathered slaves who ran away and brought them back to South,. South was angered because they felt the rules of the act were not being enforced
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Slavery in the Mexican Session Territories, north or south position
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North wanted to keep slavery out of Mexico but the South was for slavery.
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Nashville "Fireaters"Convention - What occurred there in 1850 and what was the outcome?
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Southerners met in Nashville to fight for slavery but nothing really came out of it.
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What was Henry Clay's position concerning the compromise proposals?
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proposed the compromise
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What was Daniel Webster's position concerning the compromise proposals?
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wanted stronger fugitive slave laws
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What was John C. Calhoun's position concerning the compromise proposals?
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Wanted a president for both North and South
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What was William Seward's position concerning the compromise proposals?
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Did not like slavery
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What was Millar Fillmore's position concerning the compromise proposals?
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Supports slavery
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Compromise of 1850 - List the provisions of this series of bills and explain how the provisions tended to support the contention that the North got the better of the deal in the long run.
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The North achieved: California was free, Texas gave up New Mexico land, slave trade was banned in DC. The South achieved: popular sovereignty for Mexican cession, was paid 10 million dollars for lost land, and there were new, tougher fugitive laws
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Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 - list the provisions of this law and explain why the North came to despise it. Also, what were "personal liberty laws" and what do they illustrate?
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"Bloodhound Bill", fleeing slaves could not testify in their own behalf and they were denied in jury trail. Many shocked moderates, hithero northerners were driven to the swelling ranks of antislavery. North would not execute the law. Personal Liberty laws: Different laws did this in different ways, including allowing jury trials for escaped slaves and forbidding state authorities from cooperating in their capture and return.
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How did the Unionists in 1850, through passing the Compromise of 1850, enable the North to eventually win the Civil War when war came in 1861?
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gave the North time to accumulate the material and moral strength that provided the margin of victory.
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Election of 1852 - Who were the major party candidates and what were their positions on the issues of the day?
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Franklin Pierce and Winfield Scott. Franklin Pierce revived the Democrats' commitment to territorial expansion as pursued by President Polk and emphatically endorsed the Compromise of 1850, Fugitive Slave Law and all. Winfield Scott hated the Fugitive Slave Law.
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Why would the Whig party die after this election and what contributions had it made in its 16 year existence?
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because the party was split over slavery, and they contributed two presidential elections.
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Slaveocracy and Expansionism in the 1850's - Describe how the Ostend Manifesto highlighted Southern attempts to expand slavery as well as infuriated Northern sentiment
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Northern free-soilers rose up in wrath against the "manifesto of brigands". The shackled hands of Harriet Beecher Stowe's held the South back. The slavery issue thus checked territorial expansion in the 1850's.
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Gadsden Purchase (1853) - Why was this land needed from Mexico?
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It was needed for the construction of the continental railroad
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Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) - Why did Stephen Douglas propose it and what were its provisions?
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created two territories from the Nebraska territory, the slavery issue was to be decided by popular sovereignty.
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How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act conflict with the Missouri Compromise and how did Congress resolve this problem?
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conflicted with the Missouri Compromise because it would throw off the balance of having free and slave states. Congress resolved this problem by striking back with vengeance, they violently waved Douglas off.
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What was the effect of the Kansas-Nebraska Act on the nation?
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effected the nation by the creation of the new Republican Party. It sprang up spontaneously in the Middle West, notably in Wisconsin and Michigan.
