APUSH Ch 17 Vocab – Flashcards
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Homestead lockout
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1892 lockout of workers at the Homestead, PA steel mill after Carnegie won't renew union contract. Union ppl attack guards hired to close them out and protect employed strikebreakers, Natl Guard called in and Homestead becomes non-union mill. Shows controversy/bloodiness of industrialization
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management revolution
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creates internal structure used by large, complex corporations, distinguished trop executives from those responsible for day to day operations and departmentalized operations by function
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vertical integration
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company controls all aspects of production from raw materials to finished goods. Pioneered by Swift, cattle dealer
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horizontal integration
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business concept invented in the late nineteenth century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate. Pioneered by Rockefeller, oil baron
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trust
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small group of associates to hold stock from a group of combined firms, managing them as a single entity. Evolved into other centralized business forms
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deskilling
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elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing, in which workers completed discrete, small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product. Employers can pay workers less and replace them more easily.
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mass production
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system of production based on assembly of standardized parts
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scientific management
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employees eliminate all brain work from manual labor, hire experts to develop rules for the shop floor. Workers do what they are told w/ obedience. Maximize output and efficiency, minimize production costs
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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1882. Bars Chinese laborers from entering the US. Bars almost all Chinese women forcing apart families. Continues through 1940s.
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Great Railroad Strike of 1877
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nationwide strike of thousands of RR workers and labor allies, who protested the growing power of RR corporations and the steep wage cuts imposed by RR managers amid a severe economic depression that had begun in 1873
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Greenback-Labor Party
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National ptx movement calling on the government to increase the money supply in order to assist borrowers and foster econ growt, greater regulation of corporations and laws enforcing an 8 hour workday
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producerism
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middlemen, bankers, lawyers, and investors = idlers who live off of sweat of people who work w/ their hands
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Granger laws
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econ regulatory laws passed in some MW states in the late 1870s bc pressure from farmers and Greenback-Labor Party
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Knights of Labor
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union founded in 1869 as a secret society of garment workers in Philadelphia. Attempted to bridge boundaries of ethnicity, gender, ideology, race, and occupation to build universal brotherhood of all workers (except Chinese immigrants lol still universal tho !!1!1!1!!!1)
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anarchism
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(do we rly have to define this) revolutionary advocacy of a stateless society
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Haymarket Square
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5/4/1886 conflict in Chicago,workers and policemen killed during labor demonstration called by anarchists. Created backlash against all labor organizations incl. Knights of Labor
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Farmers' Alliance
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rural movement, founded in TX during depression of 1870s. Advocated cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middlemen, and it called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of RRs
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Interstate Commerce Act
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counteracts SC Wabash v IL (1886) that says states can't regulate RRs, creates Interstate Commerce Commission to investigate interstate shipping, force RRs to make their rates public, and sue in court to make companies reduce "unjust/unreasonable" rates
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closed shop
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all jobs reserved for union members, kept out low-wage workers
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American Federation of Labor
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Organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886, coordinates activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation w/ employers to achieve benefits for skilled workers
