APUSH Big Businesses – Flashcards
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-greater efficiency -economy of scale -manager system -productivity studies (Frederick Taylor)
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Advantages of a Big Business
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-unfair competition practices -corruption and bribery -destroyed labor union movements
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Disadvantages of a Big Business
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-based on darwin theory of evolution -survival of the fittest -also applies to the business world -the best businesses survive -justified their wealth
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Social Darwinism
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written by Andrew Carneige to explain why philanthropy was important
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"Gospel of Wealth"
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dime novels -"Rags to Riches" -"American Dream"
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Horatio Alger
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when a business controls all or most of the supply of the product
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monopoly
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when several businesses act as on under the control of a board of directors
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trust
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when two or more businesses join to become one larger business
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merger
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business which exists in order to control other businesses as a parent company
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holding company
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type of monopoly formed by controlling all of the same type of business
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horizontal integration
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monopoly formed by controlling businesses related to primary business
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vertical integration
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-extreme profits made by business owners
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Robber Barons
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-donated millions, but still had 100s of millions -big business practices exposed -public finally began to call for regulations
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Philanthropy
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Illegal for a trust to interfere in free trade -weak law but set precedent for future regulation
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 1890
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-increased 400% by 1890 -mostly unskilled labor -assembly line work
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Urban Labor
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-low wages -long hours (12+ hours, 6 days a week) -dangerous conditions (no ventilation, no air or heat, 675 killed per year) -company towns -child labor
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sweatshops
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tried to improve conditions of workers -used strikes -collective bargaining -arbitrationOwners then counters -blacklists -lockouts -scrabs (replacement workers) -injunctions (court order to stop an action)
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Labor Unions
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"The Great Railroad Strike" Baltimore and Ohio Railroad protest wages; strikes spread to others -violent protests -federal troops send to restore order
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Railroad strike of 1877
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Terence Powderly-creator -any kind of labor workers accepted -eventually failed -Weakness was unskilled workers lacked leverage with employers
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Knights of Labor
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Chicago Strike of 1886 -strike over police brutality -bomb thrown at protest -several people killed (7 police, 3 workers) -union activity was blamed for the violence- several union leaders convicted and exectuted -lead to decrease in labor unions
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Haymarket Square
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Samual Gompers (leader) -only allowed skilled labor to join -made strikes a legitimate weapon for union
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American Federation of Labor (AFL)
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unions combining all workers of an industry
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Industrial Unions
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created the first major labor union -United Railroad workers
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Eugene V. Debs
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-government steps in- Debs is jailed -Debs leaves prison as a socialist
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Pullman Coach Strike,1894
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worked for better conditions for miners -used woman and children in the strike process
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Woman workers
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advocated against child labor
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Mary Harris "Mother" Jones
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146 woman killed; doors were blocked -government regulations on working conditions and child labor
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Triangle Fire
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-violent strike between workers and owners -damaged Carnegie (working conditions) -Ludlow Strike
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Homestead Strike
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-violent strike between workers and owners -damaged Carnegie (working conditions) -Ludlow Strike
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Homestead Strike
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-violent strike between workers and owners -damaged Carnegie (working conditions) -Ludlow Strike
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Homestead Strike
