question

The route taken by thousands of travelers from the Mississippi Valley to the Pacific Coast in the last half of the 19th century. It was extremely difficult, often taking six months or more to complete.

answer

Overland Trail

question

Huge farms covering thousands of acres on the Great Plains. In relying on large size and new machinery, the represented a development in agriculture similar to that taking place in industry.

answer

bonanza farms

question

A group of about six thousand African Americans who left their homes in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas in 1879, seeking freer lives in Kansas, where they worked as farmers or laborers.

answer

Exodusters

question

Legislation granting 160 acres of land to anyone who paid a $10 fee and pledged to live on and cultivate the land for five years. Although there was a good deal of fraud, the act encouraged a large migration to the West. Between 1862 and 1900, nearly 600,000 families claimed homesteads under its provisions.

answer

Homestead Act of 1862

question

Put forth by historian Frederick Jackson Turner in his 1893 paper, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," this asserted that the existence of a frontier and its settlements had shaped American character; given rise to individualism, independence, and self-confidence; and fostered the American spirit of invention and adaptation.

answer

Turner's thesis

question

A form of mining that required little technology or skill; techniques included using a shovel and a washing pan to separate gold from the ore in streams and riverbeds. An early phase of the mining industry, it could be performed by miners working as individuals or in small groups.

answer

placer mining

question

A farming technique developed to allow farming in the more arid parts of the West, where settlers had to deal with far less rainfall than they had east of the Mississippi. Furrows were plowed a foot or so deep and filled with a dust mulch to loosen soil and slow evaporation.

answer

dry farming

question

Discovered in 1859 near Virginia City, Nevada, this ore deposit was the richest discovery in the history of mining. Named after T. P. Comstock, a drifter who talked his way into partnership in the claim, between 1859 and 1879 the deposit produced silver and gold worth more than $306 million.

answer

Comstock Lode

question

Which of the following best describes the Plains tribes? a. sedentary and pacific b. fishermen and farmers c. nomadic and warlike d. practitioners of human sacrifice e. builders of great cities

answer

nomadic and warlike

question

After the buffalo, the most important animal to the Plains Indians was the _____. a. dog b. elk c. deer d. horse e. jackrabbit

answer

horse

question

A popular new cult among the Native American Plains tribes by the late 1880s was ______. The movement arose under the prophet Wavoka, a Paiute Indian. This cult was outlawed by the U.S. government, and army intervention to stop it led to the Wounded Knee Massacre. a. the Ghost Dance b. the Sun dance c. human sacrifice d. Catholicism e. the Great White Father

answer

the Ghost Dance

question

The Homestead Act of 1862 failed because a. it charged too much for government land b. the land allotments were insufficient for farming arid land c. it did not adequately convert the Native Americans to farmers d. gold was discovered on land set aside for farming e. too few settlers were willing to migrate west

answer

the land allotments were insufficient for farming arid land

question

Frederick Jackson Turner was a. founder of the National Grange b. the historian who first developed the frontier thesis c. the most notorious of the western badmen d. discoverer of the Comstock Lode e. a famous wagon train boss

answer

the historian who first developed the frontier thesis

question

The inventor of barbed wire was a. John Chivington b. Joseph F. Glidden c. Frederick Jackson Turner d. William F. Cody e. Joseph McCoy

answer

Joseph F. Glidden

question

Industrial growth was concentrated in the a. Southwest b. Northeast c. Pacific d. Southeast e. Midwest

answer

Northeast

question

Which industry was considered the nation's "first big business"? a. agriculture b. textiles c. steel d. communications e. railroads

answer

railroads

question

Which of the following individuals in INCORRECTLY associated with the industry he helped to found? a. Andrew Carnegie/steel b. J.P. Morgan/finance c. Henry Bessemer/railroads d. John D. Rockefeller/oil e. William Kelly/steel

answer

Henry Bessemer

question

Andrew Carnegie's business was in _____.

answer

steel

question

J.P. Morgan's business was in ______.

answer

finance

question

John D. Rockefeller's business was in _____.

answer

oil

question

William Kelly's business was in ____.

answer

steel

question

By the 1890s, the most important labor organization in the country was the a. Teamster's Union b. Congress of Industrial Organizations c. American Federation of Labor d. Union of Iron and Steel Workers e. Union of Sleeping Car Porters

answer

American Federation of Labor

question

The great strike of 1877, in which more than a hundred people died, involved a. steel workers b. cowboys c. railroad workers d. oil workers e. textile workers

answer

railroad workers

question

The architect who invented the skyscraper was a. Louis H. Sullivan b. Frank Lloyd Wright c. Peter Chin d. Jane Addams e. William Allen White

answer

Louis H. Sullivan

question

In 1890, what percentage of NYC residents were of foreign birth or foreign parentage? a. 60 b. 65 c. 70 d. 75 e. 80

answer

80

question

Which of the following was NOT a reason urban political machines stayed in power? a. there was little control over urban life b. they understood how to use the political systems for their own good c. they performed social services for the immigrants d. they used violence regularly e. the cities needed the services they provided

answer

they used violence regularly

question

The Far West and Pacific Coast regions were characterized by ______.

answer

agriculture, fishing, timber, and Asian trade

question

The Rocky Mountains were characterized by ______.

answer

mineral wealth: gold, silver, and copper

question

The Great Plains region was characterized by ____.

answer

grains and cattle raising

question

The West can be argued to be America's First Empire, as characterized by the four qualities of an empire:

answer

1. conquered lands 2. subordinate political status for residents 3. raw material extraction, profits exported 4. ongoing pacification of natives

question

The Civil War acted as a catalyst for American industrial expansion in terms of ______.

answer

labor, technology, and management strategies

question

The first big business, this consumed 90% of American Steel before 1900.

answer

railroads

question

America had an advantage over its European competitors in terms of industrialization because of its abundant natural resources, including:

answer

copper, oil, coal, iron

question

Rapid urbanization was characterized by:

answer

workers, factories, consumers, transportation centers

question

In the 1840s and 1850s, most immigrants came from:

answer

Germany and Ireland

question

From 1880 to 1920, most immigrants came from:

answer

Southern/Eastern Europe (~23 million!)

question

Dominating every part of and industry (eg. owning cattle ranches, cattle rail cars, slaughterhouses, refrigerated rail cars, and marketing) characterizes:

answer

vertical integration

question

Dominating every aspect of part of industry (eg. owning all oil drum producers) characterizes:

answer

horizontal integration

question

This type of man believed that 1) business is war 2) take risks 3) accumulate wealthy 4) limit role of government in business (laissez-fair):

answer

Robber Baron

question

A company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.

answer

corporation

question

In the world of business, competitors used "economies of scale". Describe this concept.

answer

Reduce the amount per unit cost of production, able to sell cheaper than competitor. (eg. Rockefeller removing one sauder from oil drums)

question

Pre-Industrial Producers were able to a. set their own pace of work b. set their own hours c. determine quantity/quality of their product d. own the tools of their trade e. perform multiple tasks in creation of product f. engage the customer g. all of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Industrial Workers and Employees a. have working conditions imposed upon them b. perform specific, repetitive tasks c. work long hours (12 hour days) d. earn low wages (less than $500 annually) e. endure dangerous working conditions f. all of the above

answer

all of the above

question

The violent catastrophe that occurred on May 4, 1886 was known as the:

answer

Haymarket Affair

question

The event that occurred in 1892 at the steel factory owned by Andrew Carnegie and Henry Clay Frick was known as the:

answer

Homestead Steel Strike

question

The less violent strike that occurred in Chicago in 1894 that led to a halt in rail service was called the:

answer

Pullman Strike

question

Which of the following men supported the growth of cities? (choose all that apply) a. Thomas Jefferson b. Ralph Waldo Emerson c. Alexander Hamilton d. Henry David Thoreau e. Walt Whitman

answer

Alexander Hamilton, Walt Whitman

question

Most immigrants arrived in America through a. Gainesville b. New York City c. Charleston d. Boston

answer

New York City

question

Most immigrants living in New York City lived in a. tenement apartments b. high-scale skyscrapers c. Central Park penthouses d. hotels e. their cars

answer

tenement apartments

question

The first skyscraper, completed in 1902, had a steel frame construction and was 22 floors tall. It is called the:

answer

Flatiron Building

question

The most effective form of transportation in the urban environment was a. horse-drawn carriages b. elevated trains c. electric trolley lines d. subways e. hover cars

answer

subways

question

The structure that most characterized the grandeur of industrialization was the:

answer

Brooklyn Bridge

question

The Brooklyn Bridge was built by a. Andrew Carnegie b. Washington Roebling c. Henry Bessemer d. Joseph F. Glidden e. William Kelly

answer

Washington Roebling

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