APA Writing Style – Flashcards
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This is an expectation of BSN graduates, expectation of nursing journals that keep nursing community current and a requirement for graduate education, present information in a concise manner that is acceptable to reader
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Scholarly Writing
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Refers to a writing style that is prescriptive/descriptive, not flowery, clean and simple, provides standard and conformity, contributes clear communication
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APA(American Physiological Association)
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because it provides standard and conformity, contributes to clear communication, and helps students develop the discipline needed for publishing in many professional journals.
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Is why the SON uses APA format
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They should observe the directions and grading criteria, get an overview, evaluate your references, and, if there are any questions, ask the faculty grading the paper.
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How should a student begin writing a paper?
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A student should evaluate resources based on whether or not it is credible, where it was published, primary or secondary sources, who is the author (and within that, their credentials, previous work, affiliation), and how current the reference is, and whether it is fact or opinion.
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How should a student evaluate resources? Why is this important?
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Is a formatting system that will give you tips to help put the paper in proper APA format.
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Perrla
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It will not read a paper so some mistakes can get through
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What Perrla will not do
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Is any information that the average educated reader would accept as reliable without needing to research it.
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Common Knowledge
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Is taking someone else's work and/or ideas and using it as your own.
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Plagiarism
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How does a student decide what information should be cited?
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If the information is not common knowledge, it needs to be cited. give credit where credit is due.
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Is an online website that can look at a paper before it is turned in and search for plagiarized phrases and/or sentences. It also gives us a tool to find original sources.
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Turnitin
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1" margins .5" header 2 spaces after punctuation which ends a sentence Spell and grammar check turned on Double space entire document except tables New Times Roman 12-point font
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General Formatting Rules
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Use the 1st person when talking about self/co-authors, do not use the royal "we", use 3rd person for everything else, don't use the 2nd person. Use your active voice. Avoid wordiness, colloquial expressions, and metaphors. Use non-biased language that is specific, has alternatives to "he" and do not use emotional expressions.
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Rules for clear communication
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Only use when it has been more than 3 times after the first introduction of the term and those that do not require an explanation (i.e. NASA).
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Rules for the use of formatting abbreviations in the text
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Is cited as personal information in parentheses and not included in final reference list.
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Rules for formatting personal communication in the text
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Use sparingly and if primary is not readily available. Use "(as cited in ___)".
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Rules for formatting secondary sources
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Reference list and items cited in text of paper must match in number, spelling. Etc. They are also alphabetized by the surname of the first author.
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Rules of congruence of citations in text and reference list
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Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 7-10. (needs indent)
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Authored book reference
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Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pages of chapter). Location: Publisher. (needs indent)
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Authored chapter in an edited book
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Brunero, S., Cowan, D., & Fairbrother, G. (2008). Reducing emotional distress in nurses using cognitive behavioral therapy: A preliminary program evaluation. Journal of Nursing Science, 5(2), 109-115. (needs indent
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Authored Journal Article
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"Effect of Transformed Letters on Reading Speed"
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Example of a good title
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>Mary S. Haggerty Rochester, New York
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Example of a good byline
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Mary S. Haggerty >Rochester, New York
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Example of a good affiliation
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all words of four letters or more in titles of books and articles in text. Do not __________names of laws, theories, and hypotheses except for proper nouns.
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Rules of Capitalization APA
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numbers 10 and above (12 of the subjects); for numbers above and below 10 grouped for comparison (2 of 16 responses); for numbers representing time, dates, and age (3 years ago, 2 hr 15 min); for numbers denoting a specific place in a series, book, or table (Table 3, Group 3, page 32). Use words for numbers below 10 that do not represent precise measurements (eight items, nine pages); for numbers beginning a sentence, title, or heading (Forty-eight percent responded; Ten subjects improved, and 4 subjects did not.).
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Use of numbers in APA text
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Purdue Online Writing Lab Sample Paper 2
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Example of good running head
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According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199). Jones (1998) found "students often had difficulty using APA style" (p. 199); what implications does this have for teachers? She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones, 1998, p. 199), but she did not offer an explanation as to why.
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Three different ways to cite author's quotes APA
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APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Jones, 1998, p. 199).
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Example of proper paraphrasing APA
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Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.
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How to cite article in a magazine
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Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A.
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How to cite article in a newspaper
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Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5-13.
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How to cite article from a journal
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Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991)
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How to cite books
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Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The New Encyclopedia Britannica. (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica.
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How to cite an Encyclopedia
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Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites, 149. Retrieved from http://www.alistapart.com/articles/writeliving
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How to cite online periodical
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Brownlie, D. (2007). Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated bibliography. European Journal of Marketing, 41, 1245-1283. doi:10.1108/03090560710821161
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How to cite online journal
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Running Head 1 The Purdue Online Writing Lab: Following the APA Guidelines Purdue Pete English 101 2/24/2016 Professor Jones
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Example of good title page
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How To Become A Better Athlete 1 Step 1 The key to achieve this begins with.......
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Example of first page of text in APA
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Running Head 9 References Cornett, B. (2009) Reptile knowledge: Reptile conservation and care information.<(italicized) http://www.reptileknowledge.com
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Example of reference page
