Ap World Histoy – Flashcards
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Ottomans
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Turkic people who advanced from strongholds in Asia Minor during 1350s, conquered large part of Balkans; unified under Mehmed I; captured Constantinople in 1453; established empire from Balkans that included most Arab world.
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Mehmed II
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Ottoma sultan called the "conqueror"; responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire.
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Janissaries
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Ottoman infantry divisions that dominated Ottoman armies; forcibly conscripted as boys in conquered areas of Balkans, legally slaves; translated military service into political influence, particularly after 15th century.
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Vizier
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Ottoman equivalent of the Abbasid wazir; head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after 5th century often more powerful than sultan.
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Safavid dynasty
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Originally a Turkic nomadic group; family originated in Sufi mystic group; espoused Shi'ism ; conquered territory and established kingdom in region equivalent to modern Iran; lasted until 1722.
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Isma'il
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Sufi commander who conquered city of Tabriz in 1501; first Safavid to be proclaimed shah or emperor.
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Chaldiran
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Sit of battle between Safavids and Ottomans; checked western advance of Safavid Empire.
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Abbas the Great
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Safavid ruler from 1587 to 1629; extended Safavid domain to greatest extent; created slave regiments based on captured Russians, who monopolized firearms within Safavid armies; incorporated Western military technology.
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Imams
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According to Shi'ism, rulers who could trace descent from the successors of Alli.
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Mullahs
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Local mosque officials and prayer leaders within the Safavid Empire; agents of Afavid religious campaign to convert all of population to Shi'ism.
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Mughal dyansty
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Established by Babur in India in 1526; the name is taken from the supposed Mongol descent of Babur. but there is little indication of many Mongol influence in the dynasty; became weak after rule of Aurangzeb in first decades of 18th century.
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Babur
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Founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; first led invasion of India in 1536; died 1530
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Akbar
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Son and successor of Humayan; oversaw building of military and administrative systems that became typical of Mughal rule in India; pursued policy of cooperation with Hindu princes; attempted to create new religion to bind Muslim and Hindu populations of India.
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din-i-Ilahi
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Rligion initiated by Akbar in Mughal India; blended elements of the many faiths of the subcontinent; key to efforts to reconcile Hindus and Muslims in India, but failed.
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Taj Mahal
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Most famous architectural achievement of Mughal India; originally built a mausoleum for the wife of Shah Jahan, Mauntaz Mahal.
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Shah
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An ancient Persian term for king reintroduced in the early 1500s during the expansion of safavid empire
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Jizya
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Head tax paid by all nonbelievers in Islamic territories
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Marattas
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western Indian peoples who rebelled against Mughal control early in the 18th century
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Sikhs
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sect in northwestern India; early leaders tried to bridge differences between Hindu and Muslim, but Mughal persecution led to an anti-Muslim feeling
