AP World History Vocabulary Terms and Definitions – Flashcards
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Agrarian
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Relating to fields for farming
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Analysis
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Separating a whole entry into its component parts for examination
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Artifact
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Something made or altered by humans for a practical purpose (used for historical analysis, especially before writing)
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Assimilation
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To incorporate and absorb into surrounding enviroment
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Barter
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To trade one commodity for another without the use of money
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BC / BCE
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Before Christ / Before Common Era
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AD / CE
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Anno Domini ( in the year of our Lord) / Common Era
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Bias
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Tendency toward prejudice; personal judgment
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Bureaucracy
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A body of non-elected government officials that make policy
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Capitalism
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Economic System characterized by private ownership, free-enterprise and lack of government in the economy
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Cash Crop
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A readily salable crop produced primarily for market (ex: cotton, tobacco)
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Century
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A grouping of 100 years
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Chronology
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An arrangement of events in order of occurence (1st to last)
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Circa
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At, in or approximately; used especially with dates (ex. Circa 1570)
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Circum - Maritime
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World-Wide, Ocean-Going trade
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City - State
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An autonomous state consisting of a city and surrounding territory
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Civilization
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A relatively high level of cultural and technological development (including writing)
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Codify
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To classify and formally write down
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Colonialism
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Control by one power or country over a dependent area and/or people
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Command Economy
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Economic system where activity is controlled by a central authority (gov't.) and means of production are publicily owned
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Comparison
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Examination of two entries, noting similarities and diffrences
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Connection
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A casual or logical relationship, a tie
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Consumer
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One that uses or utilizes economic goods and services
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Continuity
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Uninterrupted and/or duration without essential change(s)
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Coup d'etat
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A sudden, decisive exercise of force in politics; violent overthrow or altering of existing gov't by a small group
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Culture
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The characteristic features of a group or people: includes food, religion, etc.
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Decade
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A grouping of ten years
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Decolonization
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To be free from colonial status
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Demography
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The statistical study of human population especially related to size, distribution, density and vital statistics
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Dictator
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A person granted absolute power and control
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Diffusion
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Spread of culture elements form one area or group to another through contact
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Diversity
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Being composed of different elements (as people, races, cultures)
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Domestic
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Of or relating to one's own home county
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Domestication
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To adapt to animals and/or plants for human use or benefits
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Dynasty
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A succession of rulers from the same family
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Ecumene
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The permanently inhabited portion of the Earth
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Elites
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The best or highest of class, socially superior
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Emancipation
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Liberation, freeing (as in slaves)
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Empire
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A political unit having a great extent of territories or people under a single authority
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Entrepot
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A center of trade and transshipment
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Entrepreneur
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One who organizes, manages, and assumes the risk of a business or enterprise
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Era
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A period if time identified by prominate or characteristic features
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Evolution
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A process of continual change
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Ethnic Group
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Large groups of people classed according to common racial, national, tribal, religious, linguistic, or cultural origin or background
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Ethno-Centrism
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Having the attitude that one's own culture group is superior to others
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Expansion
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Increasing in size
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Fact
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Something that is provable; verifiable, actual
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Federal
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Relating to the national government
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Federalism
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In the U.S., a division of power between the national and the state government
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Feudalism
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Political system where underlords hold/use land in return for military protection and peasants work the land in return for protection
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Forage
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To wander in search of food
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Gender
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The behavioral, cultural or psychological traits typically associated with one sex, male or female
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Genocide
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The deliberate, systematic destruction of a racial, political or cultural group
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Global
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Of or relating to the entire world
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Globolization
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The development of an increasingly integrated world economy
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Habitat
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The place or environment where a plant, animal or person naturally lives
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Hegemony
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Influence of authority exerted by a dominant group over others
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Hierarchy
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A division into ranks, classes or orders according to political, social or economic standings
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Historiography
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The principles of the writing of history using critical methods
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Hypothesis
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An assumption or an interpretation
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Ideology
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A systematic body of concepts that are characteristic of an individual, group or culture
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Imperialism
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The policy of one country extending power/authority over another through military, economic or political means
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Independence
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Not subject to control by others, not affiliated with a controlling unit
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Indigenous
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Produced, living or occurring naturally in a particular region or enviroment
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Industry
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Manufacturing activity as a whole
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Inflation
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A continuing rise in the general price level of goods/services
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Interdisciplinary
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Involving two or more academic, scientific or artistic disciplines
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Interpretation
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A teaching technique that combines factual and explanatory information
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Manumission
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Formal freeing or emancipation of slaves
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Maritime
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Of or relating to the sea
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Market Economy
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Economy where most goods/services are produced and distributed through free markets
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Metallurgy
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Art/ science of extracting metals from their ones and modifying them for use
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Methodology
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A regular procedure employed by a discipline or field (such as historical interpretation)
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Migration
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To move from one country, place of locality to another
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Millenium
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A group of 1,000 years
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Modernization
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Transformation from a rural, agrarian society to an urban, industrial one
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Monothesis
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Believing in only one god
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Non-Governmental org.
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Legally constituted, not for profit businesses that are independent of governments (usually pursue social/political aims for charity)
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Neolithic Revolution
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The movement of people from food gathering to food producing/herding
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Network
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Interconnection group or association of persons or colleagues (i.e. trade)
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Nomads
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People with no fixed residence - they move place to place, usually seasonally
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Pastoral
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Of or relating to herdsmen and raising livestock
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Parliamentary System
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Gov't., system utilizing a legislative body
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Patriarchy
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Social organization marked by the supremacy of the father or older male and dependency of women or others
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Periodization
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Division of history into periods
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Perspective
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A mental view or prospect, a distinct impression
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Polytheism
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Belief in many gods
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Primary Source
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An eyewitness account
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Propanganda
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Ideas, facts or allegations spread deliberately to further one's cause or to damage an opposing cause
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Pull Factors
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Elements which draw people to a location
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Push Factors
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Elements which draw people to move away from a location
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Reform
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To amend or improve by change of form or removal of faults/abuses
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Republic
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Gov't. whose power resides in a body of citizens entitled to represent a group
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Revolution
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A fundamental change in political organization; especially the overthrow of one gov't/ ruler for another
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Rural
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Of or relating to the country, country life, people or agriculture
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Secondary Source
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Not an eye witness account; a person who got information from a primary source
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Segregation
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Isolation of a race, class or ethnic group in a restricted area with discrimination barriers to social, political or economic participation
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Socialism
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Economic theory emphasizing collective or gov't ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods
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Specialization
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Apply to a direct or specific use - to concentrate one's efforts in one area
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State
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A politically organized body of people usually occupying a definite territory
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Startified
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To divide or arrange into classes or castes
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Subsistence
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The minimum needed to support life
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Surplus
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The amount that remains when use or need is satisfied
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Syncretism
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The combination of different forms of belief or practice
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Technology
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The practical application of knowledge, especially in a particular area
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Thesis
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A position or proposition that a person advances and offers to maintain by argument
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Trait
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A distinguishing quality
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Tribe
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A group of persons having a common character, occupation or interests
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Tribute
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A payment by one ruler/nation to another in acknowledgement of submission, protection or respect/superiority
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Urbanization
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Acquiring the characteristics that constitute a city
